Synthesis, curing kinetics, mechanical and thermal properties of novel cardanol-based curing agents with thiourea

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (107) ◽  
pp. 105744-105754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhe Ma ◽  
Bing Liao ◽  
Kun Wang ◽  
Yongqiang Dai ◽  
Jianheng Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Curing Kinetics ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Curing Agent ◽  
Cashew Nut ◽  
Epoxy Curing ◽  
Curing Agents ◽  
Cashew Nut Shell

A new flexible cardanol-based epoxy curing agent with cross-linkable thiourea groups was synthesized from cashew nut shell.

Novel Cycloaliphatic Cashew Nut Shell Liquid Derivatives and their use as Isocyanate Protective Groups

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pietro Campaner
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Hydrolytic Stability ◽  
Cashew Nut Shell Liquid ◽  
Cashew Nut ◽  
Lower Viscosity ◽  
Epoxy Curing ◽  
Protective Groups ◽  
Natural Oil ◽  
Curing Agents ◽  
Cashew Nut Shell

Cardanol (3-pentadecenyl-phenol), a well-known non-edible natural oil obtained as a by-product of the Cashew Industry, represents a valid alternative to petro-based derivatives, thanks to its peculiar chemical structure. When selected as polymer building block in the synthesis of epoxy curing agents or polyols and diols for polyurethane applications, cardanol can impart unique benefits, like chemical resistance, hydrolytic stability, thermal resistance and balanced mechanical properties. Once used in polyurethane prepolymers, it demonstrates various benefits, including favorable and easily tunable deblocking conditions, lower viscosity of resulting NCO-blocked prepolymers and excellent storage stability in comparison to commonly used phenolic compounds (phenol, nonylphenol, in particular). In this paper, novel cardanol-based fully cycloaliphatic derivatives (e.g. cyclohexanol, oxime, lactam-types) will be presented, investigating their use as innovative isocyanate protective groups with faster reactivity and lower deblocking temperatures than petro-derived benchmarks.

scholarly journals Properties and curing kinetics of C21-based reactive polyamides as epoxy-curing agents derived from tung oil

2010 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun Huang ◽  
Jianling Xia ◽  
Xiaohua Yang ◽  
Mei Li ◽  
Haiyang Ding
Keyword(s):  
Curing Kinetics ◽  
Tung Oil ◽  
Epoxy Curing ◽  
Curing Agents ◽  
Kinetics Of

Studies on Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Epoxy Resin Modified by Fluorine-Containing Silicone

2013 ◽  
Vol 401-403 ◽  
pp. 713-716
Author(s):  
Cheng Fang ◽  
Dong Bo Guan ◽  
Wei Guo Yao ◽  
Shou Jun Wang ◽  
Hui An
Keyword(s):  
Glass Transition ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Curing Agent ◽  
Epoxy System ◽  
Resin Curing ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Modified Epoxy

The epoxy resin was modified with the mixture of α,ω-dihydroxy poly-(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl) siloxane (PTFPMS), KH560 and stannous octoate. KH560 can react with PTFPMS and also epoxy resin curing agent. The two reactions were characterized by FI-IR. The modified epoxy resin was characterized by FI-IR. The result showed that fluorine-containing silicone had been successfully introduced into the epoxy system. The mechanical and thermal properties of the modified epoxy resin were analyzed. The results showed that with the increase of PTFPMS the impact strength of epoxy resin increased, hardness and bending strength correspondingly reduced, slight decrease in the glass transition temperature.

Phenalkamine curing agents for epoxy resin: characterization and structure property relationship

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunal Wazarkar ◽  
Anagha S. Sabnis
Keyword(s):  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Salt Spray ◽  
Structure Property ◽  
Cashew Nut Shell Liquid ◽  
Performance Properties ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cashew Nut ◽  
Curing Agents ◽  
Cashew Nut Shell

Purpose The purpose of this study is to synthesize structurally different phenalkamines based on cardanol, a renewable material obtained from cashew nut shell liquid, and to evaluate their effect on performance properties of the coatings. Design/methodology/approach For this purpose, the Mannich reaction between cardanol, formaldehyde and various diamines such as diaminodiphenyl methane (DDM), hexamethylene diamine, Jeffamine D400 and Jeffamine T403 were carried out to produce novel phenalkamines. Resultant phenalkamines were used as curing agents for commercial DGEBPA epoxy resin and were evaluated for performance properties. Findings The mechanical, optical, chemical, thermal and anticorrosive properties were evaluated and compared with those of commercial phenalkamine AG141. It was observed that anticorrosive properties evaluated using a salt spray test and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy revealed significant improvement in anticorrosive performance of coatings cured with synthesized phenalkamines based on DDM and T403 as compared to the coatings based on commercial phenalkamine AG141. Research limitations/implications To obtain optimum performance properties of the coatings, a combination of phenalkamines can be used. Practical implications Curing time and gel times of all the phenalkamines can be further studied under wet and humid conditions. In addition, the variation in coating properties under humid conditions can be investigated. Originality/value In this study, newer phenalkamines were synthesized and used as curing agents for epoxy coatings. So far, there have been no reports indicating the synthesis and application of phenalkamines based on polyetheramines, namely, Jeffamine D400 and Jeffamine T403, in coating applications.

Solvent Exchange to Exfoliate Graphene Oxides into Epoxy with Improved Mechanical and Thermal Properties

2015 ◽  
Vol 1110 ◽  
pp. 69-72
Author(s):  
Fu Ke Wang ◽  
Chao Bin He
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Epoxy Resins ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Curing Agent ◽  
Solvent Exchange ◽  
Thermal And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Graphene Oxides ◽  
Curing Agents ◽  
Exchange Technique

The dispersion and exfoliation of graphene oxides in polymer matrix remains a challenge for graphene oxides based epoxy nanocomposites fabrication. In the present paper, we reported a simple and facile solvent exchange technique to successfully transfer graphene oxides (GOs) from aqueous solution to ethanol. In addition, we found that GO dispersion in epoxy resins was affected by the curing agents. Good dispersion of GOs in epoxy resin together with enhanced thermal and mechanical properties were observed when epoxy was cured with aliphatic curing agents. For aromatic curing agent, high loading of GOs leaded to GOs aggregation, but well dispersed GOs was observed at low loading of GOs. Especially, a 12 °C increase of glass transition temperature of the epoxy resin was observed with only 0.1 wt% GOs was added to the epoxy resin.

Clay modification with silane compounds and characterization of the silicone rubber/clay composites

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 493-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyeong Hoon Jang ◽  
Eung-Soo Kim ◽  
Young Ho Jeon ◽  
Jin-San Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Silicone Rubber ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Curing Agent ◽  
Thiol Groups ◽  
Rubber Composites ◽  
Clay Modification

Abstract Na+ montmorillonite (MMT) was modified with benzyldimethyltetradecylammonium chloride (B13) and further with (3-mercaptopropyl)triethoxysilane and vinyltrimethoxysilane to prepare B13-MMT, mercaptomethylorthosilicate modified MMT (MTMO), and vinyltrimethoxysilane modified MMT (VTMO), respectively. The pristine and modified clays were compounded with an HTV-type silicone rubber (GP-30®), and the physical properties and morphology of the resulting rubber composites were examined. Both HTV/MTMO and HTV/VTMO exhibited an intercalated/exfoliated coexisting morphology, but the degree of exfoliation of the former composite was higher than that of the latter. Moreover, the thermal stability, as assessed by the onset temperature of thermal degradation, as well as the tensile stress, elongation at the break, and tear strength of HTV/MTMO was higher than those of HTV/B13-MMT and HTV/VTMO. However, the cross-linking density of HTV/MTMO was the lowest among the composites examined because the thiol groups of MTMO extinguished and abstracted the radicals formed by the curing agent. Accordingly, the improved mechanical and thermal properties of HTV/MTMO were attributed to the enhanced interactions between HTV and MTMO due to the chemical reaction between the thiol groups of MTMO and the vinyl groups of HTV.

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