Elimination of persistent emerging micropollutants in a suspended-bed photocatalytic reactor: influence of operating conditions and combination with aerobic biological treatment

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 1492-1502 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Pronina ◽  
D. Klauson ◽  
T. Rudenko ◽  
K. Künnis-Beres ◽  
I. Kamenev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Natural Clay ◽  
Reactor Operation ◽  
Photocatalytic Reactor ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Titania Coatings

Study of a three-phase suspended-bed reactor operation with titania coatings on expanded natural clay granules coupled with biotreatment for removal of pharmaceuticals.

scholarly journals Biological treatment of water contaminated by hydrocarbons in three-phase gas-liquid-solid fluidized bed

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-15
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Plug Flow ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Hydrodynamic Characteristics ◽  
Intimate Contact ◽  
Three Phase

Biological treatment has been carried out in two different systems: aerated closed and threephase fluidized bed reactors for hydrocarbons removal from refinery wastewaters. For the two systems, hydrodynamic study allowed the determination of operating conditions before treatment experiments. Then, in a second time, biological treatments have been conducted in the same operating conditions. The obtained results showed that in the three-phase fluidized bed we can degrade hydrocarbons more rapidly than in a closed aerated bioreactor. Among the different appropriate techniques available to create efficient contacts between phases, the three-phase fluidization G/L/S where carrier particles are moving inside the reactor seems very interesting. It allows an intimate contact between phases and present many advantages concerning hydrodynamic and mass transfer phenomena. In fact, depending on operating conditions and the bubble flow behaviour, the three-phase fluidized bed could display different flow regimes In these systems called bioreactors the solid particles covered with a biofilm are fluidized by two ascending flows of air and contaminated water. With favourable operating conditions, from a hydrodynamic and mass transfer point of view, the pollutant can be biologically degraded up to 90%. Until this date, the three-phase bioreactors modelling remains very complex because it required taking into account several factors: the pollutant biodegradation rate in the biofilm, the bioreactor hydrodynamic characteristics, and the reactant interfacial gas-liquid and liquidsolid mass transfer. Thus the essential purpose of modelling is to integrate the microbial kinetics with the reactor hydrodynamics. We can notice that a few models have incorporated both bioreactor hydrodynamics and microbial kinetics. For the steady state bioreactor model, we generally assume that the particles are uniform in size, the biofilm is uniform in thickness, and the biofilm can be considered as homogeneous matrix through which oxygen and substrate diffuse and are consumed by the microbes. The liquid phase in the bioreactor substrate is considered to be axially dispersed while the gas phase is assumed to be in plug flow [2]. Rittmann (1997) proposed a model based on wake theory for predicting bed expansion and phase hold-ups for three-phase fluidized bed bioreactors. In this model he modified the correlation for the computation of the bioparticles drag coefficient CD [3]. He also attempted to explain the biofilm detachment which can occur with three broad patterns: erosion, sloughing and scouring and assumed that the factors affecting detachment rates can be grouped into two categories (physical forces and microorganisms physiology in the biofilm).

scholarly journals Mutual Information and Meta-Heuristic Classifiers Applied to Bearing Fault Diagnosis in Three-Phase Induction Motors

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 314
Author(s):  
Gustavo Henrique Bazan ◽  
Alessandro Goedtel ◽  
Marcelo Favoretto Castoldi ◽  
Wagner Fontes Godoy ◽  
Oscar Duque-Perez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fault Diagnosis ◽  
Mutual Information ◽  
Induction Motors ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Industrial Systems ◽  
Bearing Fault Diagnosis ◽  
Bee Colony ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
C4.5 Decision Tree ◽  
The Time Domain

Three-phase induction motors are extensively used in industrial processes due to their robustness, adaptability to different operating conditions, and low operation and maintenance costs. Induction motor fault diagnosis has received special attention from industry since it can reduce process losses and ensure the reliable operation of industrial systems. Therefore, this paper presents a study on the use of meta-heuristic tools in the diagnosis of bearing failures in induction motors. The extraction of the fault characteristics is performed based on mutual information measurements between the stator current signals in the time domain. Then, the Artificial Bee Colony algorithm is used to select the relevant mutual information values and optimize the pattern classifier input data. To evaluate the classification accuracy under various levels of failure severity, the performance of two different pattern classifiers was compared: The C4.5 decision tree and the multi-layer artificial perceptron neural networks. The experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

scholarly journals Modeling of a Real-Life Industrial Reactor for Hydrogenation of Benzene Process

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 412
Author(s):  
Mirosław K. Szukiewicz ◽  
Krzysztof Kaczmarski
Keyword(s):  
Catalyst Activity ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Reactor Operation ◽  
Reactor Model ◽  
High Scale ◽  
Industrial Reactor ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Insight Into

A dynamic model of the hydrogenation of benzene to cyclohexane reaction in a real-life industrial reactor is elaborated. Transformations of the model leading to satisfactory results are presented and discussed. Operating conditions accepted in the simulations are identical to those observed in the chemical plant. Under those conditions, some components of the reaction mixture vanish, and the diffusion coefficients of the components vary along the reactor (they are strongly concentration-dependent). We came up with a final reactor model predicting with reasonable accuracy the reaction mixture’s outlet composition and temperature profile throughout the process. Additionally, the model enables the anticipation of catalyst activity and the remaining deactivated catalyst lifetime. Conclusions concerning reactor operation conditions resulting from the simulations are presented as well. Since the model provides deep insight into the process of simulating, it allows us to make knowledge-based decisions. It should be pointed out that improvements in the process run, related to operating conditions, or catalyst application, or both on account of the high scale of the process and its expected growth, will remarkably influence both the profits and environmental protection.

Facile Preparation of P-25 Films Dip-Coated Nickel Foam and High Photocatalytic Activity for the Degradation of Quinoline and Industrial Wastewater

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suiyi Zhu ◽  
Xia Yang ◽  
Gu-Ning Wang ◽  
Lei-Lei Zhang ◽  
He-Feng Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Nickel Foam ◽  
High Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Photocatalytic Reactor ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Three Phase

A kind of P-25 TiO2 films coated nickel foam was synthesized by a facile dip-coating/calcination route, and used to fabricate a continuous-flow three-phase photocatalytic reactor. The morphology, crystal phase structure, surface composition and specific surface area of P-25 films coated nickel foam were investigated by field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and nitrogen adsorption-desorption measurements, respectively. The results indicated that the coated/ calcined P-25 films had the porous surface structure fabricated by nano-sized titanium dioxide consisted of two crystal phases and incorporated with a NiO interlayer. The increase of P-25 contents enhanced the specific surface area; however, 20 percent of initial P-25 sol would result in visible large cracks because of too high P-25 content and consequently cause the peeling of films. The photocatalytic activities of nickel foam with different coating amounts of P-25 for the degradation of quinoline aqueous solutions were investigated with a continuous-flow three-phase photocatalytic reactor based on the P-25 films coated nickel foam. The results suggested that nickel foam coated with 10 percent of P-25 sol had an optimal photocatalytic activity for the degradation of quinoline aqueous solutions. The continuous-flow three-phase photocatalytic reactor fabricated with P-25 films coated nickel foam with an optimal P-25 coating amount shows high photocatalytic activity and stability for the degradation of quinoline aqueous solutions and industrial wastewater. The treated industrial wastewater meets the international discharge standard.

scholarly journals Improvement the DTC system for electric vehicles induction motors

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Arif ◽  
Achour Betka ◽  
Abderezak Guettaf
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Fuzzy Logic Controller ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Squirrel Cage ◽  
Squirrel Cage Induction Motor ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Cage Induction Motor ◽  
Current Ripples

A three-phase squirrel-cage induction motor is used as a propulsion system of an electric vehicle (EV). Two different control methods have been designed. The first is based on the conventional DTC Scheme adapted for three level inverter. The second is based on the application of fuzzy logic controller to the DTC scheme. The motor is controlled at different operating conditions using a FLC based DTC technique. In the simulation the novel proposed technique reduces the torque and current ripples. The EV dynamics are taken into account.

scholarly journals High Performance Multistring Converter Topology for Three-Phase Grid Tied 200 kW Photovoltaic Generating System

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Rustam M. L. ◽  
F. Danang Wijaya
Keyword(s):  
Power Efficiency ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Total System ◽  
Voltage Reference ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Converter Topology

Under various external conditions, grid connected PV system performance is strongly affected by the topology that is used to connect a PV system with grid. This research aims to design a multistring based converter topology for three-phase grid connected 200 kW PV system that has a high performance in various operating conditions. Research was done by a simulation method using Matlab-Simulink with performance being evaluated including the generated power, efficiency, power quality in accordance with grid requirements, as well as the power flow. In the simulation, multistring converter topology was designed using two dc-dc boost multistring converters connected in parallel to a centralized of three-phase three-level NPC inverter with the size of the string being shorter and more parallel strings as well as the maximum voltage of the PV array of 273.5 V close to dc voltage reference of 500 V. Each dc-dc boost multistring converter have individual MPPT controllers. The simulation results showed that this multistring converter topology had a high performance in various operating conditions. This due to more power generated by the NPC inverter (> 190 kW) at the time of high power generation on the STC conditions (1000 W/m2, 25 oC), the lowest efficiency of the total system is 95.08 % and the highest efficiency of the total system is 99.4 %, the quality of the power generated in accordance with the requirements of grid, as well as the inverter put more active power to the grid and less reactive power to the grid. The response of the inverter slightly worse for loads with greater reactive power and unbalanced.

scholarly journals Thermal Study of Three-Phase Squirrel Cage Induction Motor with the Open-Phase Fault Operation Using a Lumped Parameter Network (LPTN)

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-94
Author(s):  
Mahdi Atig ◽  
Mustapha Bouheraoua ◽  
Rabah Khaldi
Keyword(s):  
Induction Motor ◽  
Convection Heat Transfer ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Thermal Network ◽  
Squirrel Cage ◽  
Lumped Parameter ◽  
Squirrel Cage Induction Motor ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Cage Induction Motor

The aim of this paper is to estimate the induction motor temperature at both steady and transient thermal states under healthy and faulty conditions. The distribution of the temperature in the motor is calculated using thermal models based on the 2D Lumped Parameter Thermal Network (LPTN). The thermal model takes into account the heat sources, convection heat transfer and the thermal resistances in the motor. The heat flow generated by the conduction and convection in a three-phase squirrel cage induction motor is discussed. The developed model is used to study the motor thermal behavior during the opening phase situation. The results obtained by the model developed are validated by experimental tests. The tested machine is a standard three-phase, 4-pole, 2.2 kW, 380 V squirrel cage induction motor of Totally Enclosed Fan Cooled “TEFC” design manufactured in Algeria by Electro-Industries company. The simulated temperatures so obtained are in good agreement with the measured ones, and the 2D Lumped Parameter Thermal Network study seems to be appropriate to characterize the heating of the active parts of the machine under different operating conditions.

Biological Treatment of Phenolic Wastewater in a Three-Phase Fluidized Bed

1985 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 1437-1439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Hosaka ◽  
M. Kaihou ◽  
A. Hirata
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Phenolic Wastewater
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