scholarly journals Illuminating drug action by network integration of disease genes: a case study of myocardial infarction

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1653-1666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui-Sheng Wang ◽  
Joseph Loscalzo
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Cardiovascular Effects ◽  
Drug Action ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Disease Genes ◽  
Network Integration

Illuminating the mechanisms of action of drugs used for myocardial infarction (MI) and the cardiovascular effects of non-MI drugs.

Cardiovascular effects of non-cardiovascular drugs

ESC CardioMed ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 222-226
Author(s):  
Pauline Bosco-Levy ◽  
Julien Bezin ◽  
Francesco Salvo ◽  
Nicholas Moore
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Cardiovascular Effects ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Cardiovascular Drugs ◽  
Vascular Bed ◽  
The Moment

Many drugs that were not designed to treat cardiovascular diseases may affect the cardiovascular system, causing adverse reactions. The objective of this chapter is to review in a systematic manner these adverse effects of non-cardiovascular drugs. The heart consists of four main entities that may be affected by non-cardiovascular drugs and lead to very different types of events: (1) the conduction tissue, that governs heart rate and rhythm, associated with arrhythmia and sudden death; (2) the endocardium and valves, associated with valvular disease and endocardial fibrosis; (3) the myocardium, which can directly or indirectly lead to heart failure; and (4) the coronary arteries, and in general the vascular bed, with myocardial ischaemia and infarction as main adverse events. These different elements may be affected by different drugs with different mechanisms of action, though some drugs may affect several components (e.g. myocardial infarction may result in heart failure). The objective of this chapter is not to provide exhaustive listings of all drugs ever associated with any of these events, which can be found online and will be obsolete the moment they are published, but an understanding of the typology of these events and their mechanism.

scholarly journals Quercetin prevents myocardial infarction adverse remodeling in rats by attenuating TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling: Different mechanisms of action

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghadeer M. Albadrani ◽  
Mona N. BinMowyna ◽  
May N. Bin-Jumah ◽  
Gehan El–Akabawy ◽  
Hussain Aldera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Adverse Remodeling ◽  
Tgf Β1

scholarly journals Plaque erosion causing ST-elevation myocardial infarction after consumption of cannabis and N2O in a 27-year old man: a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Bär ◽  
Fabien Praz ◽  
Lorenz Räber
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Cardiovascular Effects ◽  
Drug Eluting Stent ◽  
Culprit Lesion ◽  
Vascular Events ◽  
The Public ◽  
Plaque Erosion ◽  
First Case

Abstract Background The recreational drugs cannabis and nitrous oxide (N2O) are known for pro-atherogenic effects and are associated with an elevated risk of myocardial infarction. These cardiovascular effects might be underestimated by the public. Culprit-lesion composition of myocardial infarctions associated with cannabis and N2O has been unknown so far. This case report aims to raise the awareness of the adverse cardiovascular effects of cannabis and N2O and reports, for the first time, optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings of the culprit lesion. Case presentation This is a case report of a 27-year old man with anterior ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) after intoxication with cannabis and N2O. Coronary angiography and OCT revealed plaque erosion with subsequent subtotal thrombotic occlusion of the left anterior descending artery that was successfully treated with 1 drug-eluting stent. The patient was symptom free at 6 months follow-up and had been able to abstain from drug consumption. Conclusions This is the first case to demonstrate the association between cannabis and N2O abuse and plaque erosion on OCT in a young man with STEMI. In contrast to smoking, whose adverse effects are well-known, the cardiovascular effects of cannabis and N2O might be underestimated. These adverse effects should gain more awareness in the public to prevent early vascular events in young adults.

scholarly journals Importance of Geospatial Heterogeneity in Chronic Disease Burden for Policy Planning in an Urban Setting Using a Case Study of Singapore

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4406
Author(s):  
Ken Wei Tan ◽  
Joel R. Koo ◽  
Jue Tao Lim ◽  
Alex R. Cook ◽  
Borame L. Dickens
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
Type Ii

Chronic disease burdens continue to rise in highly dense urban environments where clustering of type II diabetes mellitus, acute myocardial infarction, stroke, or any combination of these three conditions is occurring. Many individuals suffering from these conditions will require longer-term care and access to clinics which specialize in managing their illness. With Singapore as a case study, we utilized census data in an agent-modeling approach at an individual level to estimate prevalence in 2020 and found high-risk clusters with >14,000 type II diabetes mellitus cases and 2000–2500 estimated stroke cases. For comorbidities, 10% of those with type II diabetes mellitus had a past acute myocardial infarction episode, while 6% had a past stroke. The western region of Singapore had the highest number of high-risk individuals at 173,000 with at least one chronic condition, followed by the east at 169,000 and the north with the least at 137,000. Such estimates can assist in healthcare resource planning, which requires these spatial distributions for evidence-based policymaking and to investigate why such heterogeneities exist. The methodologies presented can be utilized within any urban setting where census data exists.

scholarly journals Osteoprotegerin and RANKL-RANK-OPG-TRAIL signalling axis in heart failure and other cardiovascular diseases

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mieczysław Dutka ◽  
Rafał Bobiński ◽  
Wojciech Wojakowski ◽  
Tomasz Francuz ◽  
Celina Pająk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Cells ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Prognostic Indicator ◽  
High Plasma ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
High Ratio

AbstractOsteoprotegerin (OPG) is a glycoprotein involved in the regulation of bone remodelling. OPG regulates osteoclast activity by blocking the interaction between the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B (RANK) and its ligand (RANKL). More and more studies confirm the relationship between OPG and cardiovascular diseases. Numerous studies have confirmed that a high plasma concentration of OPG and a low concentration of tumour necrosis factor–related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) together with a high OPG/TRAIL ratio are predictors of poor prognosis in patients with myocardial infarction. A high plasma OPG concentration and a high ratio of OPG/TRAIL in the acute myocardial infarction are a prognostic indicator of adverse left ventricular remodelling and of the development of heart failure. Ever more data indicates the participation of OPG in the regulation of the function of vascular endothelial cells and the initiation of the atherosclerotic process in the arteries. Additionally, it has been shown that TRAIL has a protective effect on blood vessels and exerts an anti-atherosclerotic effect. The mechanisms of action of both OPG and TRAIL within the cells of the vascular wall are complex and remain largely unclear. However, these mechanisms of action as well as their interaction in the local vascular environment are of great interest to researchers. This article presents the current state of knowledge on the mechanisms of action of OPG and TRAIL in the circulatory system and their role in cardiovascular diseases. Understanding these mechanisms may allow their use as a therapeutic target in cardiovascular diseases in the future.

Clots Kill: Hematologic Pharmacology for ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
Stacy H. James
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Antiplatelet Agents ◽  
Thrombin Inhibitors ◽  
Fibrinolytic Agents ◽  
St Segment Elevation ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction ◽  
St Segment

Drugs that work on the hematologic system play an important role in helping to limit the morbidity and mortality that can be associated with an acute coronary syndrome. The pharmacology of the fibrinolytic agents, thrombin inhibitors, and antiplatelet agents is described. A case study of a woman having an ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction is reviewed to highlight the importance of drugs that work on the hematologic system.

scholarly journals Antifungal Activities of Antineoplastic Agents:Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a Model System To Study Drug Action

1999 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 583-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria E. Cardenas ◽  
M. Cristina Cruz ◽  
Maurizio Del Poeta ◽  
Namjin Chung ◽  
John R. Perfect ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Kinase Inhibitor ◽  
Genetic Model ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Study Drug ◽  
Drug Action ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Sphingolipid Metabolism

SUMMARY Recent evolutionary studies reveal that microorganisms including yeasts and fungi are more closely related to mammals than was previously appreciated. Possibly as a consequence, many natural-product toxins that have antimicrobial activity are also toxic to mammalian cells. While this makes it difficult to discover antifungal agents without toxic side effects, it also has enabled detailed studies of drug action in simple genetic model systems. We review here studies on the antifungal actions of antineoplasmic agents. Topics covered include the mechanisms of action of inhibitors of topoisomerases I and II; the immunosuppressants rapamycin, cyclosporin A, and FK506; the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor wortmannin; the angiogenesis inhibitors fumagillin and ovalicin; the HSP90 inhibitor geldanamycin; and agents that inhibit sphingolipid metabolism. In general, these natural products inhibit target proteins conserved from microorganisms to humans. These studies highlight the potential of microorganisms as screening tools to elucidate the mechanisms of action of novel pharmacological agents with unique effects against specific mammalian cell types, including neoplastic cells. In addition, this analysis suggests that antineoplastic agents and derivatives might find novel indications in the treatment of fungal infections, for which few agents are presently available, toxicity remains a serious concern, and drug resistance is emerging.

scholarly journals Methotrexate—Mechanisms of Drug Action

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Przemysław Koźmiński ◽  
Paweł Halik ◽  
Ewa Gniazdowska
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Anticancer Agent ◽  
Drug Action ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Immunosuppressive Drug ◽  
S Phase ◽  
Structural Analogue ◽  
Active Transport System ◽  
Clinical Overview

Methotrexate (MTX), a structural analogue of folic acid, that inhibits cell division (mainly in the S phase of the cell cycle) is commonly used for the treatment of many cancers as well for severe and resistant forms of autoimmune pathologies and inflammatory disorders. This paragraph of clinical overview presents state of knowledge with regards to different pathways of MTX active transport system, mechanisms of action and its applications as immunosuppressive drug and anticancer agent.  

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