Characterization of size-dependent mechanical properties of tip-growing cells using a lab-on-chip device

Lab on a Chip ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengzhi Hu ◽  
Gautam Munglani ◽  
Hannes Vogler ◽  
Tohnyui Ndinyanka Fabrice ◽  
Naveen Shamsudhin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Microfluidic Device ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Turgor Pressure ◽  
Lab On Chip ◽  
Size Dependent ◽  
On Chip

A microfluidic device can trap and indent tip-growing cells for quantification of turgor pressure and cell wall Young's modulus.

Quantification of the Young's modulus of the primary plant cell wall using Bending-Lab-On-Chip (BLOC)

Lab on a Chip ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 2599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Sanati Nezhad ◽  
Mahsa Naghavi ◽  
Muthukumaran Packirisamy ◽  
Rama Bhat ◽  
Anja Geitmann
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Lab On Chip ◽  
On Chip

Mechanical Characterization of Heterogeneous Polycrystalline Rocks Using Nanoindentation Method in Combination with Generalized Means Method

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 813-823
Author(s):  
M.R. Ayatollahi ◽  
M. Zare Najafabadi ◽  
S. S. R. Koloor ◽  
Michal Petrů
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Mechanical Characterization ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Numerical Approach ◽  
Empirical Constant ◽  
Nanoindentation Experiment ◽  
Granite Rocks ◽  
Granite Samples

ABSTRACTThe mechanical characterization of rocks is important in engineering design and analysis of rock-related structures. In the current researches, rocks are classified as heterogeneous materials with anisotropic behavior, and advanced methods such as combined experimental-numerical approach are developed to characterize the behavior of rocks. In this study, the nanoindentation experiment in conjunction with the generalized means method is used to determine the Young’s modulus and hardness of eight different polycrystalline granite rocks. In the first step, the Young’s modulus and hardness of granites’ constituents are determined through nanoindentation tests on pure granite minerals. Then, the properties of granites are determined using generalized means method by considering the mechanical properties of minerals, their volume fractions and an empirical constant called the microstructural coefficient. Accurate results with less than 3% error are obtained for 62.5% of the granite samples. The generalized means is introduced as a simple and effective method to characterize the mechanical properties of heterogeneous polycrystalline rocks.

Microscopic Methods for Characterization of Selected Surface Properties of Biodegradable, Nanofibrous Tissue Engineering Scaffolds

2017 ◽  
Vol 890 ◽  
pp. 213-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Chlanda ◽  
Ewa Kijeńska ◽  
Wojciech Święszkowski
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Force Spectroscopy ◽  
Operating Mode ◽  
Tissue Engineering Scaffolds ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force

Biodegradable polymeric fibers with nanoand submicron diameters, produced by electrospinning can be used as scaffolds in tissue engineering. It is necessary to characterize their mechanical properties especially at the nanoscale. The Force Spectroscopy is suitable atomic force microscopy mode, which allows to probe mechanical properties of the material, such as: reduced Young's modulus, deformation, adhesion, and dissipation. If combined with standard operating mode: contact or semicontact, it will also provide advanced topographical analysis. In this paper we are presenting results of Force Spectroscopy characterization of two kinds of electrospun fibers: polycaprolactone and polycaprolactone with hydroxyapatite addition. The average calculated from Johnson-Kendall-Roberts theory Young's modulus was 4 ± 1 MPa for pure polymer mesh and 20 ± 3 MPa for composite mesh.

Study of Printing Orientation on Mechanical Properties in Additive Manufacturing Process

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peyman Honarmandi ◽  
Hongbin Xu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Build Orientation ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
3D Printed

Abstract Additive manufacturing (AM) is an innovative technology that creates parts by adding small portions of materials layer by layer, which frees designers to create parts that were not possible to manufacture with subtractive manufacturing processes previously. This led to wide-spread popularity of 3D-printing technology. In this technology. fused deposition modeling (FDM) is the most affordable one in the market now. Therefore, it is vital to understand how the print orientation, which can be customized very easily, affects the mechanical properties of the prints to maximize the strength of the product. This paper aims to present the methodology and results of the experimental characterization of the acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) 3D-printed part. Tensile characterization of ABS was performed to analyze anisotropic nature of 3D-printed parts caused by its unique manufacturing process. Specimens were printed with six different configurations: four raster ([45/−45], [30/−60], [15/−75] and [0/90]) and three build orientations (0 or flat, 45, and 90 degrees with respect to the build plate, all printed in [45/−45] raster orientation). Dogbone tensile specimens were printed and pulled using the tensile test machine. The young’s modulus, yield strength, ultimate strength, strain at failure, breaking strength were found for each configuration. As the build orientation angle increased and the raster orientation goes from [45/−45] to [0/90], mechanical properties decreased steadily except the Young’s modulus. For build orientation, Young’s modulus decreased first then increased as angle increased, and for the raster orientation, there was no statistically significant difference as raster changed from [45/−45] to [0/90]. Overall, [45/−45] flat configuration is the strongest and the most stable configuration.

On-Chip Young’s Modulus Characterization of the Effect of Phosphorus Heavy Doping on Polysilicon Thin Films

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Bassiachvili ◽  
P. Nieva ◽  
A. Khajepour
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Doping Concentration ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Bottom Layer ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Mems Devices ◽  
Heavy Doping ◽  
On Chip

Information on material properties of structural thin films for MEMS fabrication is very limited. The small information available in the literature suggests that the Young’s modulus of structural thin films such as polysilicon can change up to 30% with heavy doping at room temperature. Accurate knowledge of these variations is critical for proper design as well as operation of MEMS devices, especially for applications that require them to be exposed to harsh environmental conditions. In this paper, devices for the on-chip characterization of the Young’s modulus of polysilicon as a function of the doping concentration conditions are presented. Analytical modeling has been performed to predict the change in the devices’ pull-in voltage as a function of doping concentration. The devices were fabricated using the PolyMUMPs process on two different polysilicon layers on the same chip separated by a layer of oxide. The top layer devices are heavily doped while the bottom layer devices are left lightly doped. The lightly doped devices serve as a reference, allowing some account for fabrication uncertainties in order to ensure consistent results. Devices for measuring in-plane stresses, out-of-plane stress gradients and specially designed resistor structures that account for the effect of contact resistance have also been fabricated to monitor these quantities while testing. The devices will be tested using a customized vacuum chamber to study the effect of phosphorus concentration on these structures.

NANOMECHANICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF MULTIFERROIC THIN FILMS FOR MICRO-ELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (04n05) ◽  
pp. 1039-1043 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. PRASHANTHI ◽  
M. MANDAL ◽  
S. P. DUTTAGUPTA ◽  
V. RAMGOPAL RAO ◽  
P. PANT ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Lead Zirconate ◽  
Si Substrate ◽  
Electromechanical Systems ◽  
Multiferroic Films ◽  
First Time

In this paper, the elastic properties of Dy modified BiFeO3 (BDFO) multiferroic films deposited on Si substrate are reported for the first time. The mechanical properties are extracted using nanoindentation technique. The Young's modulus and hardness of the BDFO films are found to be 140 ± 3 GPa and 7.5 ± 0.3 GPa respectively. In this study the properties in the region of penetration depth up to 20% of BDFO film thickness, are found out. For these indentation depths, Young's modulus and hardness are almost constant indicating that substrate effects are not significant. It is also confirmed that neither cracks, nor pile-ups can be observed for indentation loads up to 10 mN. However, at higher indentation loads (>10 mN), bulging and spallation are observed suggesting delamination and buckling of the film. The mechanical properties of BDFO films are similar to that reported for lead zirconate titanate (PZT), while offering many novel properties. This report is accordingly expected to facilitate the design of BDFO-based micro-electromechanical systems devices.

Nanoindentation Characterization of Mechanical Properties of Ferrite and Austenite in Duplex Stainless Steel

2007 ◽  
Vol 26-28 ◽  
pp. 1165-1170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiu Fang Wang ◽  
Xiao Ping Yang ◽  
Zhen Dan Guo ◽  
Yin Chang Zhou ◽  
Hong Wei Song
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Duplex Stainless Steel ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Hot Forging ◽  
Sample Surface ◽  
Cast Sample ◽  
The Difference

The mechanical properties of as-cast and hot-forging duplex stainless steel samples with the same compositions were characterized by nanoindentation. The effect of surface treating method and working state of the sample on the nanoindentation results of ferrite and austenite were discussed. The results show that the Young’s modulus and hardness of ferrite and austenite may be affected by the treating method of sample surface. The difference of Young’s modulus average of ferrite or austenite between as-cast and hot-forging duplex stainless steel samples is not great, but the hardness average of ferrite or austenite in hot-forging sample is obviously higher than those of as-cast sample. The difference of hardness between ferrite and austenite in the same sample is not great, but the young’s modulus of ferrite is higher than that of austenite.

New Method to Determine Young’s Modulus of Micro Crystal Based on Raman Spectrometer

2008 ◽  
Vol 272 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Sheng Bo Sang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Frequency Measurement ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Tension Test ◽  
Bulge Test ◽  
Bending Tests ◽  
Beam Bending

With the development of MEMS, the mechanical properties of micro crystals must to be determined to know the defect, reliability and characterization of MEMS. Young’s modulus is one of the most important properties, which indicates the ability of resisting the elastic deformation. Many methods, such as natural frequency measurement, beam bending tests, membrane bulge test and uniaxial tension test, have been used to measure Young’s modulus of Si, SiN and metals. But there are some limitations when they are used to measure micro crystals in MEMS. This paper puts forward a high accuracy and convenient method----using Raman spectrum to measure Young’s modulus of micro crystals in MEMS, and sets up the measurement system. Measured Young’s modulus of Si and GaAs in [100] crystallographic orientation are 161.113GPa and 84.128GPa respectively, which correspond with the Yong’s modulus in common use now. Based on the values, it can be analyzed if there are some defects in the micro crystals.

Effect of Undercut on the Characterization of the Mechanical Properties of Silicon Nanocantilevers with Dynamic and Static Test

2015 ◽  
Vol 645-646 ◽  
pp. 1072-1077
Author(s):  
Jia Hong Zhang ◽  
Fang Gu ◽  
Xian Ling Zhang ◽  
Min Li ◽  
Yi Xian Ge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Effective Length ◽  
Displacement Curve ◽  
Resonant Frequencies ◽  
Static Test ◽  
Critical Point Drying ◽  
Force Displacement

The elastic mechanical properties of silicon nanocantilevers are of prime importance in biotechnology and nanoelectromechanical system (NEMS) applications. In order to make these applications reliable, the exact evaluation of the effect of the undercut on the mechanical properties of silicon nanocantilevers is essential and critical. In this paper, a numerical-experimental method for determining the effect of the undercut on resonant frequencies and Young’s modulus of silicon nanocantilevers is proposed by combining finite element (FE) analysis and dynamic frequency response tests by using laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV) as well as static force-displacement curve test by using an atomic force microscope (AFM). Silicon nanocantilevers test structures are fabricated from silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafers by using the standard complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) lithography process and anisotropic wet-etch release process based on the critical point drying, which inevitably generating the undercut of the nanocantilever clamping. Combining with three-dimensional FE numerical simulations incorporating the geometric undercut, the dynamic resonance tests demonstrate that the undercut obviously reduces resonant frequencies of nanocantilevers due to the fact that the undercut effectively increases the nanocantilever length by a correct value ΔL. According to a least-square fit expression including ΔL, we extract Young’s modulus from the measured resonance frequency versus the effective length dependency and find that Young’s modulus of a silicon nanocantilever with 200-nm thickness is close to that of bulk silicon. However, when we do not consider the undercut ΔL, the obtained Young's modulus is decreased 39.3%. Based on the linear force-displacement response of 12μm long and 200nm thick silicon nanocantilever obtained by using AFM, our extracted Young’s modulus of the [110] nanocantilever with and without undercut is 169.1GPa and 133.0GPa, respectively. This error reaches 21.3%. Our work reveals that the effect of the undercut on the characterization of the mechanical properties of nanocantilevers with dynamic and static test must be carefully considered.

EQUIVALENT CONTINUUM MODELING OF GRAPHENE SHEETS

2005 ◽  
Vol 04 (04) ◽  
pp. 631-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. D. REDDY ◽  
S. RAJENDRAN ◽  
K. M. LIEW
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Graphene Sheet ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Graphene Sheets ◽  
Continuum Modelling ◽  
Ring Cell ◽  
Equivalent Continuum

Carbon nanotubes have drawn tremendous interest due to their excellent mechanical and electronic properties. Carbon nanotubes have a similar molecular structure as that of graphene sheets. Hence, characterization of mechanical properties of graphene sheet based on equivalent continuum modelling is of considerable importance. Our initial studies are carried out on a single carbon ring/cell. The ring is then modelled as a truss (finite) element assemblage and equivalent Young's modulus is computed for a few fundamental modes. Next, these studies have been extended to model graphene sheet as a planar continuum to determine the mechanical properties (Young's modulus, shear modulus and Poisson's ratio) for typical modes of deformation. Further research is in progress to investigate how this set of different values can be integrated together towards a meaningful continuum characterization of the inherent discrete structure.

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