Liquid biopsy on chip: a paradigm shift towards the understanding of cancer metastasis

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amogha Tadimety ◽  
Abeer Syed ◽  
Yuan Nie ◽  
Christina R. Long ◽  
Kasia M. Kready ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Biopsy ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Cancer Metastasis ◽  
On Chip

Cell free DNA as an evolving liquid biopsy biomarker for initial diagnosis and therapeutic nursing in Cancer- An evolving aspect in Medical Biotechnology

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suman Kumar Ray ◽  
Sukhes Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Liquid Biopsy ◽  
Cancer Metastasis ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Fragment Size ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Significant Information ◽  
Cell Free Dna ◽  
Free Dna

: Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is present in numerous body fluids in addition to initiates generally from blood cells. It is undoubtedly the utmost promising tool among all components of liquid biopsy. Liquid biopsy is a specialized method investigating the nonsolid biological tissue by revealing of circulating cells, cell free DNA etc. that enter body fluids. Since, cancer cells disengage from compact tumors circulate in peripheral blood, evaluating blood of cancer patients holds the opportunities for capture and molecular level analysis of various tumor-derived constituents. Cell free DNA samples can deliver a significant perceptions into oncology, for instance tumor heterogeneity, instantaneous tumor development, response to therapy and treatment, comprising immunotherapy and mechanisms of cancer metastasis. Malignant growth at any phase can outhouse tumor cells in addition to fragments of neoplasticity causing DNA into circulatory system giving noble sign of mutation in the tumor at sampling time. Liquid biopsy distinguishes diverse blood based evolving biomarkers comprising circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) or cfDNA, circulating RNA (cfRNA) and exosomes. Cell free DNA are little DNA fragments found circulating in plasma or serum, just as other fluids present in our body. Cell free DNA involves primarily double stranded nuclear DNA and mitochondrial DNA, present both on a surface level and in the lumen of vesicles. The probable origins of the tumor-inferred portion of cfDNA are apoptosis or tumor necrosis, lysis of CTCs or release of DNA from the tumor cells into circulation. The evolution of innovations, refinement and improvement in therapeutics for determination of cfDNA fragment size and its distribution provide significant information related with pathological conditions of the cell, thus emerging as promising indicator for clinical output in medical biotechnology.

scholarly journals On-Chip Liquid Biopsy: Progress in Isolation of Exosomes for Early Diagnosis of Cancer

2017 ◽  
Vol 112 (3) ◽  
pp. 461a ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung Cheol Kim ◽  
Navneet Dogra ◽  
Benjamin H. Wunsch ◽  
Joshua T. Smith ◽  
Stacey M. Gifford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Liquid Biopsy ◽  
Early Diagnosis Of Cancer ◽  
Diagnosis Of Cancer ◽  
On Chip

scholarly journals Nanotechnology-Assisted Isolation and Analysis of Circulating Tumor Cells on Microfluidic Devices

Micromachines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Cheng ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Yang Zhao ◽  
Lina Zhang ◽  
Lingqian Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Circulating Tumor Cells ◽  
Liquid Biopsy ◽  
Cancer Metastasis ◽  
Human Peripheral Blood ◽  
Microfluidic Devices ◽  
Detection Sensitivity ◽  
Cell Capture ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
Downstream Analysis

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs), a type of cancer cell that spreads from primary tumors into human peripheral blood and are considered as a new biomarker of cancer liquid biopsy. It provides the direction for understanding the biology of cancer metastasis and progression. Isolation and analysis of CTCs offer the possibility for early cancer detection and dynamic prognosis monitoring. The extremely low quantity and high heterogeneity of CTCs are the major challenges for the application of CTCs in liquid biopsy. There have been significant research endeavors to develop efficient and reliable approaches to CTC isolation and analysis in the past few decades. With the advancement of microfabrication and nanomaterials, a variety of approaches have now emerged for CTC isolation and analysis on microfluidic platforms combined with nanotechnology. These new approaches show advantages in terms of cell capture efficiency, purity, detection sensitivity and specificity. This review focuses on recent progress in the field of nanotechnology-assisted microfluidics for CTC isolation and detection. Firstly, CTC isolation approaches using nanomaterial-based microfluidic devices are summarized and discussed. The different strategies for CTC release from the devices are specifically outlined. In addition, existing nanotechnology-assisted methods for CTC downstream analysis are summarized. Some perspectives are discussed on the challenges of current methods for CTC studies and promising research directions.

scholarly journals Rapid Detection and Trapping of Extracellular Vesicles by Electrokinetic Concentration for Liquid Biopsy on Chip

Micromachines ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Cheung ◽  
Sarah Sahloul ◽  
Ajymurat Orozaliev ◽  
Yong-Ak Song
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Liquid Biopsy ◽  
Rapid Detection ◽  
On Chip

scholarly journals Liquid Biopsy Analysis of Circulating Tumor Biomarkers in Lung Cancer

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Ping Lin
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Liquid Biopsy ◽  
Cancer Metastasis ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Tumor Biomarkers ◽  
Aneuploid Cell ◽  
Lung Cancer Patients ◽  
Rare Cells ◽  
Ctdna Analysis

Risk stratification, prognostication and longitudinal monitoring of therapeutic efficacy in lung cancer patients remains highly challenging. It is imperative to establish robust surrogate biomarkers for identifying eligible patients, predicting and effectively monitoring clinical response as well as timely detecting emerging resistance to therapeutic regimens. Circulating tumor biomarkers, analyzed by liquid biopsy, are primarily composed of nucleic acid-based circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and an aneuploid cell-based category of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and circulating tumor-derived endothelial cells (CTECs). Unlike ctDNA, cancer cells are the origin of all categories of various tumor biomarkers. Involvement of aneuploid CTCs and CTECs in tumorigenesis, neoangiogenesis, tumor progression, cancer metastasis and post-therapeutic recurrence has been substantially investigated. Both CTCs and CTECs possessing an active interplay and crosstalk constitute a unique category of cellular circulating tumor biomarkers. These cells concurrently harbor the intact cancer-related genetic signatures and full tumor marker expression profiles in sync with disease progression and therapeutic process. Recent progress in clinical implementation of non-invasive liquid biopsy has made it feasible to frequently carry out ctDNA analysis and unbiased detection of a full spectrum of non-hematologic circulating rare cells including CTCs and CTECs in lung cancer patients, regardless of variation in heterogeneous cell size and cancer cell surface anchor protein expression. In situ phenotypic and karyotypic comprehensive characterization of aneuploid CTCs and CTECs, in combination with single cell-based genotyping and improved ctDNA analyses, will facilitate and benefit multidisciplinary management of lung cancer.

scholarly journals Rapid detection of exosomal microRNA biomarkers by electrokinetic concentration for liquid biopsy on chip

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 014104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia S. Cheung ◽  
Xi Wei ◽  
Diogo Martins ◽  
Yong-Ak Song
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Biopsy ◽  
Rapid Detection ◽  
On Chip ◽  
Exosomal Microrna

scholarly journals Rational design of on-chip gold plasmonic nanoparticles towards ctDNA screening

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amogha Tadimety ◽  
Ziqian Wu ◽  
John H. Molinski ◽  
Russell Beckerman ◽  
Congran Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Liquid Biopsy ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Circulating Tumor Dna ◽  
Refractive Index Sensitivity ◽  
Design Synthesis ◽  
Growth Method ◽  
On Chip ◽  
Index Sensitivity ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis paper demonstrates the design, synthesis, simulation, and testing of three distinct geometries of plasmonic gold nanoparticles for on-chip DNA screening towards liquid biopsy. By employing a seed-mediated growth method, we have synthesized gold nanospheres, nanorods, and nanobipyramids. In parallel, we developed numerical simulations to understand the effects of nanoparticle geometry on the resonance features and refractive index sensitivity. Both experimental and simulation results were compared through a series of studies including in-solution and on-chip tests. We have thoroughly characterized the impact of nanoparticle geometry on the sensitivity to circulating tumor DNA, with immediate implications for liquid biopsy. The results agree well with theoretical predictions and simulations, including both bulk refractive index sensitivity and thin film sensitivity. Importantly, this work quantitatively establishes the link between nanoparticle geometry and efficacy in detecting rare circulating biomarkers. The nanobipyramids provided the highest sensitivity, approximately doubling the sensitivity compared to nanorods. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report carrying through geometric effects of simulation to clinically relevant biosensing. We put forth here synthesis and testing of three nanoparticle geometries, and a framework for both experimental and theoretical validation of plasmonic sensitivities towards liquid biopsy.

Network-on-Chip Technology: A Paradigm Shift

2013 ◽  
pp. 3-18
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Tatas ◽  
Kostas Siozios ◽  
Dimitrios Soudris ◽  
Axel Jantsch
Keyword(s):  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Network On Chip ◽  
Chip Technology ◽  
On Chip

scholarly journals The biology and clinical potential of circulating tumor cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taja Lozar ◽  
Klara Gersak ◽  
Maja Cemazar ◽  
Cvetka Grasic Kuhar ◽  
Tanja Jesenko
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Circulating Tumor Cells ◽  
Liquid Biopsy ◽  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Cancer Metastasis ◽  
Predictive Biomarkers ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Blood Draw

Abstract Background Tumor cells can shed from the tumor, enter the circulation and travel to distant organs, where they can seed metastases. These cells are called circulating tumor cells (CTCs). The ability of CTCs to populate distant tissues and organs has led us to believe they are the primary cause of cancer metastasis. The biological properties and interaction of CTCs with other cell types during intravasation, circulation in the bloodstream, extravasation and colonization are multifaceted and include changes of CTC phenotypes that are regulated by many signaling molecules, including cytokines and chemokines. Considering a sample is readily accessible by a simple blood draw, monitoring CTC levels in the blood has exceptional implications in oncology field. A method called the liquid biopsy allows the extraction of not only CTC, but also CTC products, such as cell free DNA (cfDNA), cell free RNA (cfRNA), microRNA (miRNA) and exosomes. Conclusions The clinical utility of CTCs and their products is increasing with advances in liquid biopsy technology. Clinical applications of liquid biopsy to detect CTCs and their products are numerous and could be used for screening of the presence of the cancer in the general population, as well as for prognostic and predictive biomarkers in cancer patients. With the development of better CTC isolation technologies and clinical testing in large prospective trials, increasing clinical utility of CTCs can be expected. The understanding of their biology and interactions with other cell types, particularly with those of the immune system and the rise of immunotherapy also hold great promise for novel therapeutic possibilities.

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