CO2capture by amines in aqueous media and its subsequent conversion to formate with reusable ruthenium and iron catalysts

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (21) ◽  
pp. 5831-5838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jotheeswari Kothandaraman ◽  
Alain Goeppert ◽  
Miklos Czaun ◽  
George A. Olah ◽  
G. K. Surya Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Iron Catalysts ◽  
Subsequent Conversion ◽  
Industrial Sources

Conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) captured from industrial sources (e.g.flue gas of power plants) or even from ambient air to formate through CO2capture and utilization (CCU) as a possible strategy to mitigate anthropogenic CO2emissions to the atmosphere is proposed.

scholarly journals Development of Multimode Gas Fired Combined Cycle Chemical-Looping Combustion Based Power Plant Lay-Outs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Basavaraja Revappa Jayadevappa
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Capture ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Chemical Looping Combustion ◽  
Chemical Looping ◽  
Operating Pressure

Abstract Operation of power plants in carbon dioxide capture and non-capture modes and energy penalty or energy utilization in such operations are of great significance. This work reports on two gas fired pressurized chemical-looping combustion power plant lay-outs with two inbuilt modes of flue gas exit namely, with carbon dioxide capture mode and second mode is letting flue gas (consists carbon dioxide and water) without capturing carbon dioxide. In the non-CCS mode, higher thermal efficiencies of 54.06% and 52.63% efficiencies are obtained with natural gas and syngas. In carbon capture mode, a net thermal efficiency of 52.13% is obtained with natural gas and 48.78% with syngas. The operating pressure of air reactor is taken to be 13 bar for realistic operational considerations and that of fuel reactor is 11.5 bar. Two power plant lay-outs developed based combined cycle CLC mode for natural gas and syngas fuels. A single lay-out is developed for two fuels with possible retrofit for dual fuel operation. The CLC Power plants can be operated with two modes of flue gas exit options and these operational options makes them higher thermal efficient power plants.

scholarly journals Aspects of using biomass as energy source for power generation

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-190
Author(s):  
Raluca-Nicoleta Tîrtea ◽  
Cosmin Mărculescu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Sulphur Content ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Biomass Plant ◽  
Biomass Power Plants

AbstractBiomass represents an important source of renewable energy in Romania with about 64% of the whole available green energy. Being a priority for the energy sector worldwide, in our country the development stage is poor compared to solar and wind energy. Biomass power plants offer great horizontal economy development, local and regional economic growth with benefic effects on life standard. The paper presents an analysis on biomass to power conversion solutions compared to fossil fuels using two main processes: combustion and gasification. Beside the heating value, which can be considerably higher for fossil fuels compared to biomass, a big difference between fossil fuels and biomass can be observed in the sulphur content. While the biomass sulphur content is between 0 and approximately 1%, the sulphur content of coal can reach 4%. Using coal in power plants requires important investments in installations of flue gas desulfurization. If limestone is used to reduce SO2emissions, then additional carbon dioxide moles will be released during the production of CaO from CaCO3. Therefore, fossil fuels not only release a high amount of carbon dioxide through burning, but also through the caption of sulphur dioxide, while biomass is considered CO2neutral. Biomass is in most of the cases represented by residues, so it is a free fuel compared to fossil fuels. The same power plant can be used even if biomass or fossil fuels is used as a feedstock with small differences. The biomass plant could need a drying system due to high moisture content of the biomass, while the coal plant will need a desulfurization installation of flue gas and additional money will be spent with fuel purchasing.

Integrated Exhaust System for Simple Cycle Power Plants

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Buzanowski ◽  
Sean P. McMenamin
Keyword(s):  
Flue Gas ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Emission Control ◽  
Exhaust System ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Oxidation Catalyst ◽  
Simple Cycle ◽  
Emissions Control ◽  
Air Stream ◽  
Exhaust Duct

Simple cycle power plants are frequently utilized as peaking power plants which generate electricity typically during a high demand. To comply with environmental standards simple cycle power plants are equipped with emission control catalysts reducing emissions of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide and other pollutants. In some applications ambient air (so called tempering air) is injected into the exhaust duct to control temperature of the flue gas prior to entering environmental catalysts. Such catalytic treatment of pollutants present in the flue gas requires exhaust systems with substantial footprints to accommodate the emission control catalysts and tempering air injection systems. This paper discusses a new compact exhaust system and efficient arrangement of the tempering air system for simple cycle power plants. The proposed system includes transitioning hot exhaust flue gas into pre-oxidation section of the exhaust system, passing hot exhaust gas through the oxidation catalyst for the CO emissions control, injecting tempering air stream into the post-oxidation section of the exhaust system, and passing cooled flue gas through the reduction catalyst for the NOx emissions control. The resultant benefit of this newly designed process is a more effective use of catalysts, a smaller exhaust footprint of equipment and a lower capital cost to the end user.

A Resource-Limited Approach to Estimating Algal Biomass Production With Geographical Fidelity

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Wogan ◽  
Michael Webber ◽  
Alexandre K. da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Algal Biomass ◽  
Lipid Production ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
The State ◽  
Resource Limited

This paper discusses the potential for algal biofuel production under resource-limited conditions in Texas. Algal biomass and lipid production quantities are estimated using a fully integrated biological and engineering model that incorporates primary resources required for growth, such as carbon dioxide, sunlight and water. The biomass and lipid production are estimated at the county resolution in Texas, which accounts for geographic variation in primary resources from the Eastern half of the state, which has moderate solar resources and abundant water resources, to the Western half of the state, which has abundant solar resources and moderate water resources. Two resource-limited scenarios are analyzed in this paper: the variation in algal biomass production as a function of carbon dioxide concentration and as a function of water availability. The initial carbon dioxide concentration, ranging from low concentrations in ambient air to higher concentrations found in power plant flue gas streams, affects the growth rate and production of algal biomass. The model compares biomass production using carbon dioxide available from flue gas or refinery activities, which are present only in a limited number of counties, with ambient concentrations found in the atmosphere. Biomass production is also estimated first for counties containing terrestrial sources of water such as wastewater and/or saline aquifers, and compared with those with additional water available from the Gulf of Mexico. The results of these analyses are presented on a series of maps depicting algal biomass and lipid production in gallons per year under each of the resource-limited scenarios. Based on the analysis, between 13.9 and 154.1 thousand tons of algal biomass and 1.0 and 11.1 million gallons of lipids can be produced annually.

Thermal/electric energy generation and CO2 production for greenhouse facilities

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-151
Author(s):  
O. E. Gnezdova ◽  
E. S. Chugunkova
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Injection ◽  
Electricity Rates ◽  
Traditional Patterns ◽  
Generation Power

Introduction: greenhouses need microclimate control systems to grow agricultural crops. The method of carbon dioxide injection, which is currently used by agricultural companies, causes particular problems. Co-generation power plants may boost the greenhouse efficiency, as they are capable of producing electric energy, heat and cold, as well as carbon dioxide designated for greenhouse plants.Methods: the co-authors provide their estimates of the future gas/electricity rates growth in the short term; they have made a breakdown of the costs of greenhouse products, and they have also compiled the diagrams describing electricity consumption in case of traditional and non-traditional patterns of power supply; they also provide a power distribution pattern typical for greenhouse businesses, as well as the structure and the principle of operation of a co-generation unit used by a greenhouse facility.Results and discussion: the co-authors highlight the strengths of co-generation units used by greenhouse facilities. They have also identified the biological features of carbon dioxide generation and consumption, and they have listed the consequences of using carbon dioxide to enrich vegetable crops.Conclusion: the co-authors have formulated the expediency of using co-generation power plants as part of power generation facilities that serve greenhouses.

Could biomass-fueled boilers be operated at higher steam temperatures? Part 3: Initial analysis of costs and benefits

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 65-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.B.A. (SANDY) SHARP ◽  
W.J. JIM FREDERICK ◽  
JAMES R. KEISER ◽  
DOUGLAS L. SINGBEIL
Keyword(s):  
Flue Gas ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Superheated Steam ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Steam Generation ◽  
Fireside Corrosion ◽  
Corrosion Resistant

The efficiencies of biomass-fueled power plants are much lower than those of coal-fueled plants because they restrict their exit steam temperatures to inhibit fireside corrosion of superheater tubes. However, restricting the temperature of a given mass of steam produced by a biomass boiler decreases the amount of power that can be generated from this steam in the turbine generator. This paper examines the relationship between the temperature of superheated steam produced by a boiler and the quantity of power that it can generate. The thermodynamic basis for this relationship is presented, and the value of the additional power that could be generated by operating with higher superheated steam temperatures is estimated. Calculations are presented for five plants that produce both steam and power. Two are powered by black liquor recovery boilers and three by wood-fired boilers. Steam generation parameters for these plants were supplied by industrial partners. Calculations using thermodynamics-based plant simulation software show that the value of the increased power that could be generated in these units by increasing superheated steam temperatures 100°C above current operating conditions ranges between US$2,410,000 and US$11,180,000 per year. The costs and benefits of achieving higher superheated steam conditions in an individual boiler depend on local plant conditions and the price of power. However, the magnitude of the increased power that can be generated by increasing superheated steam temperatures is so great that it appears to justify the cost of corrosion-mitigation methods such as installing corrosion-resistant materials costing far more than current superheater alloys; redesigning biomassfueled boilers to remove the superheater from the flue gas path; or adding chemicals to remove corrosive constituents from the flue gas. The most economic pathways to higher steam temperatures will very likely involve combinations of these methods. Particularly attractive approaches include installing more corrosion-resistant alloys in the hottest superheater locations, and relocating the superheater from the flue gas path to an externally-fired location or to the loop seal of a circulating fluidized bed boiler.

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