Research highlights: engineering nanomaterial-based technologies for environmental applications

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stacey M. Louie ◽  
John M. Pettibone
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Environmental Applications ◽  
Contaminant Removal

We highlight recent articles that demonstrate improvements upon nanomaterial-based technologies for contaminant removal in water treatment systems.

Characterization of iron and steelmaking wet dust for arsenic remove in wastewaters

2012 ◽  
Vol 1380 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Narvaez-García ◽  
A. Martínez-Luevanos ◽  
F. Carrillo-Pedroza ◽  
M. Soria-Aguilar ◽  
M. Guajardo-Castillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Environmental Applications ◽  
Total Arsenic ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Removal Of Heavy Metals ◽  
Removal Of Arsenic

ABSTRACTDust originated from the iron and steelmaking containing undesirable compounds are not completely recycled because affects the process efficiency. These types of dust represents an economical lost as a consequence of values contents. However, dust have been characterized physically and chemically in order to study their potential environmental applications, as the removal of arsenic in wastewater. The results shows that dust have a superficial specific area between 16 and 20 m2/g, values considered high, typical of a material with adsorbent properties. Representative results of different tests adsorption of arsenic in the material described indicate that it is possible to reduce the arsenic levels in up to 95% from an initial concentration of 1 mg/L of total arsenic. The results indicate that the iron and steelmaking wet dust may represent a new option as material for the removal of heavy metals in water treatment.

scholarly journals BIOGENESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES FROM AGRO-WASTE

2019 ◽  
pp. 53-57
Author(s):  
KANCHANA R ◽  
APURVA FERNANDES
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Sewage Water ◽  
Environmental Applications ◽  
Visible Absorption ◽  
Biofilm Inhibition ◽  
Eds Analysis ◽  
Uv Visible ◽  
Sewage Water Treatment

Objective: Biogenesis of multifunctional silver nanoparticles (SNPs) using agro-wastes (paddy straw [PS] and sugarcane bagasse [SB]) was reported in this study that could be deployed for biomedical and environmental applications. Methods: The SNPs were synthesized using agro-waste extracts and the synthesized SNPs were characterized by ultraviolet (UV)–visible spectrophotometry, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and energy dispersion spectral (EDS) analysis and evaluated for their multifunctional applications. Results: UV–visible absorption scan of SNP revealed a broad peak at 420 nm indicative of the surface plasmon resonance using 10 mM silver nitrate with the reaction time of 24 h for PS SNP and 10 min for SB SNP. The synthesized SNPs were of size ranges from 50 to 70 nm. The SNPs were investigated to evaluate the antimicrobial activity against pathogens, efficacy in sewage water treatment and in biofilm inhibition. Conclusion: This study has demonstrated the eco-friendly synthesis of SNPs using the agro-wastes. The synthesized NPs displayed remarkable antimicrobial activity, biofilm inhibition, and in sewage water treatment. These activities have shown that these NPs can find useful biomedical and environmental applications.

scholarly journals Redirecting Research on Fe0 for Environmental Remediation: The Search for Synergy

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (22) ◽  
pp. 4465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hu ◽  
Noubactep
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Metallic Iron ◽  
Environmental Remediation ◽  
Cathodic Reaction ◽  
Contaminant Removal ◽  
Iron Corrosion ◽  
Basic Relationship ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Center Research

A survey of the literature on using metallic iron (Fe0) for environmental remediation suggests that the time is ripe to center research on the basic relationship between iron corrosion and contaminant removal. This communication identifies the main problem, which is based on the consideration that contaminant reductive transformation is the cathodic reaction of iron oxidative dissolution. Properly considering the inherent complexities of the Fe0/H2O system will favor an appropriate research design that will enable more efficient and sustainable remediation systems. Successful applications of Fe0/H2O systems require the collective consideration of progress achieved in understanding these system. More efforts should be made to decipher the long-term kinetics of iron corrosion, so as to provide better approaches to accurately predict the performance of the next generation Fe0-based water treatment systems.

scholarly journals Low cost drinking water treatment using nonwoven engineered and woven cloth fabrics

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-112
Author(s):  
Stephen Siwila ◽  
Isobel C. Brink
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Contaminant Removal ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
Filtration Method ◽  
Bacterial Removal ◽  
Particulate Removal

Abstract The study investigated two engineered fabrics and five cloth fabrics for low cost drinking water treatment. An optimized fabric filtration method has been developed and tested. Numerical models for predicting particulate removal efficiency have been developed for each fabric as support tools for selecting optimal process configuration. Both engineered fabrics showed better performance and achieved the most effective particulate removal for the highest number of layers used. Sequential filtration was done on eight layers for representative fabrics of each type and recorded higher contaminant removal than one filtration run. Geotextile 1 was better than geotextile 2 in particulate removal and recorded Escherichia coli removals of up to 1.4 log removal value (LRV) for eight-layer normal filtration and 3.0 LRV for four-pot sequential filtration. Brushed cotton was best among the cloth fabrics in particulate removal but performed below expectation in bacterial removal. It recorded E. coli removals of only 0.04 LRV and 0.2 LRV for eight-layer normal filtration and four-pot sequential filtration, respectively. Effluent turbidity decreased exponentially with number of fabric layers, in line with porous media filtration theory. The optimized filtration method produced very clear drinking water of relatively safe quality using geotextile 1. Appropriate disinfection is still recommended to ensure continued water safety.

scholarly journals Water Treatment Using Metallic Iron: A Tutorial Review

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hu ◽  
Gwenzi ◽  
Sipowo-Tala ◽  
Noubactep
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Metallic Iron ◽  
Environmental Remediation ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Engineering Application ◽  
Operating Mode ◽  
Contaminant Removal ◽  
Removal Mechanisms ◽  
Practical Engineering ◽  
Proper Material

Researchers and engineers using metallic iron (Fe0) for water treatment need a tutorial review on the operating mode of the Fe0/H2O system. There are few review articles attempting to present systematic information to guide proper material selection and application conditions. However, they are full of conflicting reports. This review seeks to: (i) Summarize the state-of-the-art knowledge on the remediation Fe0/H2O system, (ii) discuss relevant contaminant removal mechanisms, and (iii) provide solutions for practical engineering application of Fe0-based systems for water treatment. Specifically, the following aspects are summarized and discussed in detail: (i) Fe0 intrinsic reactivity and material selection, (ii) main abiotic contaminant removal mechanisms, and (iii) relevance of biological and bio-chemical processes in the Fe0/H2O system. In addition, challenges for the design of the next generation Fe0/H2O systems are discussed. This paper serves as a handout to enable better practical engineering applications for environmental remediation using Fe0.

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