The transformation and fate of silver nanoparticles in paddy soil: effects of soil organic matter and redox conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 919-928 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Li ◽  
Peng Wang ◽  
Fei Dang ◽  
Dong-Mei Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Paddy Soil ◽  
Redox Conditions ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Soil Effects

Soil OM and Eh have significant impacts on the transformation and dissolution of AgNPs in paddy soil.

scholarly journals Effect of Digestate and Straw Combined Application on Maintaining Rice Production and Paddy Environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5714
Author(s):  
Xue Hu ◽  
Hongyi Liu ◽  
Chengyu Xu ◽  
Xiaomin Huang ◽  
Min Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Paddy Soil ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Straw Decomposition ◽  
Rice Grains ◽  
Combined Application

Few studies have focused on the combined application of digestate and straw and its feasibility in rice production. Therefore, we conducted a two-year field experiment, including six treatments: without nutrients and straw (Control), digestate (D), digestate + fertilizer (DF), digestate + straw (DS), digestate + fertilizer + straw (DFS) and conventional fertilizer + straw (CS), to clarify the responses of rice growth and paddy soil nutrients to different straw and fertilizer combinations. Our results showed that digestate and straw combined application (i.e., treatment DFS) increased rice yield by 2.71 t ha−1 compared with the Control, and digestate combined with straw addition could distribute more nitrogen (N) to rice grains. Our results also showed that the straw decomposition rate at 0 cm depth under DS was 5% to 102% higher than that under CS. Activities of catalase, urease, sucrase and phosphatase at maturity under DS were all higher than that under both Control and CS. In addition, soil organic matter (SOM) and total nitrogen (TN) under DS and DFS were 20~26% and 11~12% higher than that under B and DF respectively, suggesting straw addition could benefit paddy soil quality. Moreover, coupling straw and digestate would contribute to decrease the N content in soil surface water. Overall, our results demonstrated that digestate and straw combined application could maintain rice production and have potential positive paddy environmental effects.

Rate of recycling of sulfur from urine, feces and litter applied to the soil surface

Soil Research ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 543 ◽  
Author(s):  
GJ Blair ◽  
AR Till ◽  
C Boswell
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Plant Litter ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
Soil P ◽  
S Uptake ◽  
Organic Matter Pool ◽  
Preferential Uptake ◽  
Soil Organic Matter Pool

The recycling of S from plant litter, dung and urine is an important process for supplying S for pastures. A pot experiment was conducted where 35S-labelled litter (25% white clover/38% ryegrass/21% weed) and S-35-labelled urine and faeces collected from sheep fed the same herbage as was used as litter was surface applied to pots and the fate of the applied S was followed for 100 days with ryegrass as the test plant. In camp soil, 45% of the S applied in urine was taken up by ryegrass plants within 12 days of application. In non-camp soil, the uptake of urine-S was about 20% over the same period. Cumulative uptake of 35S from urine in camp soil was subsequently restricted, with a maximum of 60% eventually measured in plants after 100 days. Mean rates of release of S (0-37 days) from litter and faeces was respectively 16.2 and 4.5 mg g-1 day-1. The calculated half-times from S in the two materials were respectively 43 and 154 days under controlled environmental conditions with adequate moisture. Litter S followed organic matter (OM) decomposition, but faecal S release was initially more rapid than faecal OM decomposition. There was little S release from faeces after day 25. Rather, S was immobilized in faeces during the 25-100 day period. The decomposition of litter and faeces was divided into an initial rapid process during which soluble S and more labile S was released, followed by a slower process involving the release of S from tissues more resistant to mineralization. The uptake of 35S from labelled materials was initially more rapid than would be expected for total S released from the added litter and faeces and the 35Suptake effect was short-lived relative to the continued effect of added material on total S uptake. The preferential uptake of 35S from the surface-applied material appears to be due to limited root development at the early stages of the experiment. Movement of 35S into the soil organic matter pool was very rapid; 58.4% of urine S was in the soil organic matter fraction in the non-camp soil by day 6. The amount of applied S in the organic matter equilibrated at about day 75. The accumulation of applied S from the materials added was greater than that recorded in previously reported studies for inorganic sulfate (e.g. about 50%). Soil P and S status had little effect on rates of release of S. from the applied materials, however, the effect of the camp and non-camp soil on total S recycling was markedly different as a result of the different amounts of plant growth and thus S uptake in the two soils. The decomposition of litter indicated peak rates of S release at two specific times over the 100 days and indicated successional changes in micro-organism activity. With faeces, the experiment was not continued for sufficiently long to show micro-organism effects.

Soil organic matter amount determines the behavior of iron and arsenic in paddy soil with microbial fuel cells

Chemosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 237 ◽  
pp. 124459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Williamson Gustave ◽  
Zhao-Feng Yuan ◽  
Raju Sekar ◽  
Yu-Xiang Ren ◽  
Jinjing-Yuan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Paddy Soil ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cells

scholarly journals Evaluation of Machine Learning Approaches to Predict Soil Organic Matter and pH Using vis-NIR Spectra

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meihua Yang ◽  
Dongyun Xu ◽  
Songchao Chen ◽  
Hongyi Li ◽  
Zhou Shi
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Paddy Soil ◽  
Prediction Accuracy ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Lower Yangtze

Soil organic matter (SOM) and pH are essential soil fertility indictors of paddy soil in the middle-lower Yangtze Plain. Rapid, non-destructive and accurate determination of SOM and pH is vital to preventing soil degradation caused by inappropriate land management practices. Visible-near infrared (vis-NIR) spectroscopy with multivariate calibration can be used to effectively estimate soil properties. In this study, 523 soil samples were collected from paddy fields in the Yangtze Plain, China. Four machine learning approaches—partial least squares regression (PLSR), least squares-support vector machines (LS-SVM), extreme learning machines (ELM) and the Cubist regression model (Cubist)—were used to compare the prediction accuracy based on vis-NIR full bands and bands reduced using the genetic algorithm (GA). The coefficient of determination (R2), root mean square error (RMSE), and ratio of performance to inter-quartile distance (RPIQ) were used to assess the prediction accuracy. The ELM with GA reduced bands was the best model for SOM (SOM: R2 = 0.81, RMSE = 5.17, RPIQ = 2.87) and pH (R2 = 0.76, RMSE = 0.43, RPIQ = 2.15). The performance of the LS-SVM for pH prediction did not differ significantly between the model with GA (R2 = 0.75, RMSE = 0.44, RPIQ = 2.08) and without GA (R2 = 0.74, RMSE = 0.45, RPIQ = 2.07). Although a slight increase was observed when ELM were used for prediction of SOM and pH using reduced bands (SOM: R2 = 0.81, RMSE = 5.17, RPIQ = 2.87; pH: R2 = 0.76, RMSE = 0.43, RPIQ = 2.15) compared with full bands (R2 = 0.81, RMSE = 5.18, RPIQ = 2.83; pH: R2 = 0.76, RMSE = 0.45, RPIQ = 2.07), the number of wavelengths was greatly reduced (SOM: 201 to 44; pH: 201 to 32). Thus, the ELM coupled with reduced bands by GA is recommended for prediction of properties of paddy soil (SOM and pH) in the middle-lower Yangtze Plain.

Indicators of forest ecosystem productivity and nutrient status across precipitation and temperature gradients in Hawaii

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 693-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Travis Idol ◽  
Patrick J. Baker ◽  
Dean Meason
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Forest Productivity ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Leaf Nutrients ◽  
Soil P Availability ◽  
P Fraction ◽  
Leaf N

Precipitation and temperature are known to have important effects on forest productivity, but these effects may be strongly mediated through their influence on soil and leaf nutrients. We measured indicators of forest productivity and soil and leaf nutrients across independent gradients of precipitation and elevation/temperature in lower montane Hawaiian forests dominated by a single overstorey species, Acacia koa, situated on 1500–3000-y-old soils that were mixtures of volcanic ash and basalt. Stand basal area was highest at the wettest site, 2000 mm mean annual precipitation (MAP), and leaf N and P were lowest at the driest site, 1000 mm MAP. Soil N availability and leaf N concentration declined across an 850-m elevation gradient, but this was not correlated with stand basal area or soil organic matter content. Across all stands, basal area was negatively correlated with the exchangeable soil P fraction. As well, the soil C:N ratio was negatively correlated with both soil P availability and the size of the primary mineral P fraction. Soil P availability and weathering appear to be important determinants of soil organic matter quantity and quality. Overall, precipitation is the major driving force for forest productivity, but P weathering and availability play important roles in limiting productivity in wetter sites and in controlling soil organic matter dynamics in these N-fixing forests.

scholarly journals Mobility of Iron-Cyanide Complexes in a Humic Topsoil under Varying Redox Conditions

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Thilo Rennert ◽  
Tim Mansfeldt
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Redox Potential ◽  
Opposite Direction ◽  
Redox Conditions ◽  
Reductive Dissolution ◽  
Redox Processes ◽  
Iron Cyanide ◽  
Cyanide Complexes ◽  
Mn Oxides

The potentially toxic Fe-CN complexes ferricyanide,[FeIII(CN)6]3−, and ferrocyanide,[FeII(CN)6]4−, undergo a variety of redox processes in soil, which affect their mobility. We carried out microcosm experiments with suspensions of a humic topsoil (pH 5.3;Corg107 gkg-1) to which we added ferricyanide (20 mgl-1). We varied the redox potential (EH) from −280 to 580 mV by usingO2,N2and glucose. The decrease ofEHled to decreasing concentrations of Fe-CN complexes and partial reductive dissolution of (hydrous) Fe and Mn oxides. The dynamics of aqueous Fe-CN concentrations was characterized by decreasing concentrations when the pH rose and theEHdropped. We attribute these dependencies to adsorption on organic surfaces, for which such a pH/EHbehavior has been shown previously. Adsorption was reversible, because when the pH andEHchanged into the opposite direction, desorption occurred. This study demonstrates the possible impact of soil organic matter on the fate of Fe-CN complexes in soil.

scholarly journals Online supercritical fluid extraction mass spectrometry (SFE-LC-FTMS) for sensitive characterization of soil organic matter

2019 ◽  
Vol 218 ◽  
pp. 157-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yufeng Shen ◽  
Rui Zhao ◽  
Nikola Tolić ◽  
Malak M. Tfaily ◽  
Errol W. Robinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Supercritical Fluid ◽  
Fluid Extraction ◽  
Technical Approach ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Subcritical Fluid Extraction ◽  
Subcritical Fluid

We report a novel technical approach for subcritical fluid extraction (SFE) for organic matter characterization in complex matrices such as soil.

Environmental and Anthropogenic Factors Driving Changes in Paddy Soil Organic Matter: A Case Study in the Middle and Lower Yangtze River Plain of China

Pedosphere ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 926-937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naijia GUO ◽  
Xuezheng SHI ◽  
Yongcun ZHAO ◽  
Shengxiang XU ◽  
Meiyan WANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Paddy Soil ◽  
Yangtze River ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Lower Yangtze ◽  
River Plain

scholarly journals Differential effects of redox conditions on the decomposition of litter and soil organic matter

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Lin ◽  
Ashley N. Campbell ◽  
Amrita Bhattacharyya ◽  
Nicole DiDonato ◽  
Allison M. Thompson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Plant Litter ◽  
Redox Conditions ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
Luquillo Experimental Forest ◽  
Soil Redox ◽  
Extractable Organic Matter

Abstract. Soil redox conditions exert substantial influence on biogeochemical processes in terrestrial ecosystems. Humid tropical forest soils are often characterized by fluctuating redox dynamics, yet how these dynamics affect patterns in soil versus litter decomposition and associated CO2 fluxes is not well understood. We used a 13C-labeled litter addition to explicitly follow the decomposition of litter-derived vs. native soil-derived organic matter in response to four different soil redox regimes – static oxic or anoxic, and two oscillating treatments – in soil from the Luquillo Experimental Forest, Puerto Rico. We coupled this incubation experiment with high-resolution mass spectrometry to characterize the preferential decomposition of specific classes of organic molecules. CO2 production from litter and soil organic matter (SOM) showed distinctly different responses to redox manipulation. The cumulative production of SOM-derived CO2 was positively correlated with the length of soil exposure to an oxic headspace (r = 0.89, n = 20), whereas cumulative 13C-litter-derived CO2 production was not linked to oxygen availability. The CO2 production rate from litter was highest under static anoxic conditions in the first half of the incubation period, and later dropped to the lowest among all redox treatments. In the consistently anoxic soils, we observed the depletion of more oxidized water-extractable organic matter (especially amino sugars, carbohydrates, and proteins) over time, suggesting that under anaerobic conditions, microbes preferentially used more oxidized litter-derived compounds during the early stages of decomposition. Results from kinetic modeling showed that more frequent anoxic exposure limited the decomposition of a slow-cycling C pool, but not a fast-cycling pool. Overall, our results demonstrate that substrate source – freshly added litter vs. native organic matter – plays an important role in the redox sensitivity of organic matter decomposition. In soil environments that regularly experience redox fluctuations, anaerobic heterotrophs can be surprisingly effective in degrading fresh plant litter.

Interaction of Ag+ with soil organic matter: Elucidating the formation of silver nanoparticles

Chemosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 243 ◽  
pp. 125413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaofeng Nie ◽  
Kecheng Zhu ◽  
Song Zhao ◽  
Yunchao Dai ◽  
Haixia Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter
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