scholarly journals Order of magnitude increase in photocatalytic rate for hierarchically porous anatase thin films synthesized from zinc titanate coatings

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 1975-1985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathanya J. Platt ◽  
Karl M. Kaye ◽  
Gregory J. Limburn ◽  
Samuel D. Cosham ◽  
Alexander N. Kulak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Zinc Titanate ◽  
Hierarchically Porous ◽  
Porous Titania ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Titania Films ◽  
Magnitude Increase

Zinc titanate films are converted into porous anatase showing a 12-fold increase in rate compared to non-porous titania films.

High Resistivity InAIN by Nitrogen or Oxygen Implantation

1995 ◽  
Vol 378 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Zolper ◽  
S. J. Pearton ◽  
C. R. Abernathy ◽  
C. B. Vartuli
Keyword(s):  
Sheet Resistance ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Temperature Data ◽  
Conduction Band Edge ◽  
High Resistivity ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Defect Level ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Anneal Temperature ◽  
Magnitude Increase

AbstractWe report on the isolation properties of In0.75Al0.25N implanted with either N or O for several doses and post-implant anneal temperatures. Sheet resistance versus anneal temperature data are reported for the various implants with a maximum sheet resistance of <1×109 Ω/□ achieved for a high dose N-implant annealed at 600 or 700 °C and <5×108 Ω/□ achieved for a high dose O-implant annealed at 600 °C. These sheet resistances correspond to a greater than three order of magnitude increase over the as-grown values. The compensating defect level for the highest resistance N-implanted sample has an estimate ionization level 580 meV below the conduction band edge. Implant isolation of InAIN is also compared to oxygen implant isolation of InxGa1-xN — where only a 50 to 100 fold increase in sheet resistance is observed — to study the effect of Al in the isolation scheme.

scholarly journals Correlative Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of the Angle-Resolved Composition Evolution of Thin Films Sputtered from a Compound Mo2BC Target

Coatings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan-Ole Achenbach ◽  
Stanislav Mráz ◽  
Daniel Primetzhofer ◽  
Jochen Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Film Composition ◽  
Composition Data ◽  
Angular Distribution Function ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Experimental Pressure ◽  
Magnitude Increase ◽  
Good Agreement

The angle-resolved composition evolution of Mo-B-C thin films deposited from a Mo2BC compound target was investigated experimentally and theoretically. Depositions were carried out by direct current magnetron sputtering (DCMS) in a pressure range from 0.09 to 0.98 Pa in Ar and Kr. The substrates were placed at specific angles α with respect to the target normal from 0 to ±67.5°. A model based on TRIDYN and SIMTRA was used to calculate the influence of the sputtering gas on the angular distribution function of the sputtered species at the target, their transport through the gas phase, and film composition. Experimental pressure- and sputtering gas-dependent thin film chemical composition data are in good agreement with simulated angle-resolved film composition data. In Ar, the pressure-induced film composition variations at a particular α are within the error of the EDX measurements. On the contrary, an order of magnitude increase in Kr pressure results in an increase of the Mo concentration measured at α = 0° from 36 at.% to 43 at.%. It is shown that the mass ratio between sputtering gas and sputtered species defines the scattering angle within the collision cascades in the target, as well as for the collisions in the gas phase, which in turn defines the angle- and pressure-dependent film compositions.

UV Resistant Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Thin Films: Layer-by-Layer Assembly with Absorbing Nanoparticles

2007 ◽  
Vol 1054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Dawidczyk ◽  
Jaime Grunlan
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Sheet Resistance ◽  
Film Growth ◽  
Environmental Stability ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Bulk Resistivity ◽  
Flexible Display ◽  
Lbl Assembly ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Magnitude Increase

ABSTRACTLayer-by-layer (LbL) assembly is used to create thin films by alternately exposing a substrate to positively- and negatively-charged molecules or particles in water. In recent years, LbL assemblies containing poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) have been heavily studied, but little work has focused on improving the environmental stability of these thin films. Most intrinsically conductive polymers suffer from increasing resistance with exposure to ultraviolet light. In the present work, photolytic stability is improved by adding UV-absorbing nanoparticles to PEDOT assemblies. Films made by alternately depositing PEDOT-PSS and polyethylenimine (PEI) show an order of magnitude increase in sheet resistance after just 28 hours of exposure to 365 nm light. This degradation is cut in half by incorporating UV-absorbing nanoparticles, carbon black or titanium dioxide, into these assemblies. After more than 200 hours of exposure, films containing TiO2 nanoparticles have sheet resistance that is one fifth that of the unprotected PEDOT. In addition to adding UV-absorbing particles, the influence of doping and type of polycation on bulk resistivity and film growth were evaluated. These films are able to achieve bulk resistivity values below 1 Ohm cm with a thickness below 100 nm. When combined with transparency greater than 90%, these films may be useful for electrostatic dissipation layers or low conductivity electrodes in film or flexible display applications.

One-Pot Route to Produce Hierarchically Porous Titania Thin Films by Controlled Self-Assembly, Swelling, and Phase Separation

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (13) ◽  
pp. 2763-2769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Malfatti ◽  
Martín G. Bellino ◽  
Plinio Innocenzi ◽  
Galo J. A. A. Soler-Illia
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Phase Separation ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Hierarchically Porous ◽  
Porous Titania

scholarly journals Zn Doped Nanocrystalline CuCl Thin Films for Optoelectronic Applications

2010 ◽  
Vol 1260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajani K.Vijayaraghavan ◽  
F Olabanji Lucas ◽  
Md. Monjarul Alam ◽  
Stephen Daniels ◽  
Patrick J. McNally
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Si Substrates ◽  
Pulsed Dc ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Hall Effect Measurements ◽  
Pulsed Dc Magnetron Sputtering ◽  
Optoelectronic Applications ◽  
Magnitude Increase

AbstractWe report on the use of Zn as an n-type dopant in CuCl thin films for optoelectronic applications, wherein maximum n-type doping of the order of 1018 cm -3 has been achieved. Zn doped nanocrystalline CuCl thin films are successfully deposited on glass and Si substrates by pulsed dc magnetron sputtering. Structural and morphological properties are investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), respectively. The conductivity of the CuCl:Zn films is examined using the four point probe technique. An order of magnitude increase in the conductivity of CuCl, by the doping with Zn is reported herein. The doped CuCl films display strong room temperature cathodoluminescence (CL) at λ˜ 385nm, which is similar to that of the undoped films. Hall Effect measurements show an n-type conductivity of the doped films.

scholarly journals Hydraulic transmissivity inferred from ice-sheet relaxation following Greenland supraglacial lake drainages

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ching-Yao Lai ◽  
Laura A. Stevens ◽  
Danielle L. Chase ◽  
Timothy T. Creyts ◽  
Mark D. Behn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Greenland Ice Sheet ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Surface Uplift ◽  
Drainage Networks ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Lake Drainage ◽  
Magnitude Increase

AbstractSurface meltwater reaching the base of the Greenland Ice Sheet transits through drainage networks, modulating the flow of the ice sheet. Dye and gas-tracing studies conducted in the western margin sector of the ice sheet have directly observed drainage efficiency to evolve seasonally along the drainage pathway. However, the local evolution of drainage systems further inland, where ice thicknesses exceed 1000 m, remains largely unknown. Here, we infer drainage system transmissivity based on surface uplift relaxation following rapid lake drainage events. Combining field observations of five lake drainage events with a mathematical model and laboratory experiments, we show that the surface uplift decreases exponentially with time, as the water in the blister formed beneath the drained lake permeates through the subglacial drainage system. This deflation obeys a universal relaxation law with a timescale that reveals hydraulic transmissivity and indicates a two-order-of-magnitude increase in subglacial transmissivity (from 0.8 ± 0.3 $${\rm{m}}{{\rm{m}}}^{3}$$ m m 3 to 215 ± 90.2 $${\rm{m}}{{\rm{m}}}^{3}$$ m m 3 ) as the melt season progresses, suggesting significant changes in basal hydrology beneath the lakes driven by seasonal meltwater input.

scholarly journals Review of the soft-X-ray laser research at CEL-V

1991 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 493-499
Author(s):  
D. Naccache ◽  
J-L. Bourgade ◽  
P. Combis ◽  
C. J. Keane ◽  
J-P. Le Breton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Number ◽  
Collisional Excitation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Laser Experiments ◽  
Magnitude Increase

We present some significant results of collisional excitation X-ray laser experiments in plasmas produced by a laser. We studied the amplification in Ne- and Ni-like ions by varying both the nature and the thickness of targets, the irradiation, and the wavelength of the driving laser. Some potentially interesting scalings as a function of the atomic number of the lasing element are demonstrated in the Ne-like system. An order-of-magnitude increase in gain in the Ni-like experiments was determined.

Structure and Conductivity of Iodine-Doped C60 Thin Films

1994 ◽  
Vol 359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Chen ◽  
Haiyan Zhang ◽  
Baoqiong Chen ◽  
Shaoqi Peng ◽  
Ning Ke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Conductivity Measurements ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Temperature Conductivity ◽  
Room Temperature Conductivity ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Thermally Activated ◽  
Order Of Magnitude

ABSTRACTWe report here the results of our study on the properties of iodine-doped C60 thin films by IR and optical absorption, X-ray diffraction, and electrical conductivity measurements. The results show that there is no apparent structural change in the iodine-doped samples at room temperature in comparison with that of the undoped films. However, in the electrical conductivity measurements, an increase of more that one order of magnitude in the room temperature conductivity has been observed in the iodine-doped samples. In addition, while the conductivity of the undoped films shows thermally activated temperature dependence, the conductivity of the iodine-doped films was found to be constant over a fairly wide temperature range (from 20°C to 70°C) exhibiting a metallic feature.

Evaluation of Sub-Gap States in Amorphous In-Ga-Zn-O Thin Films Treated with Various Process Conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 1633 ◽  
pp. 55-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazushi Hayashi ◽  
Aya Hino ◽  
Hiroaki Tao ◽  
Yasuyuki Takanashi ◽  
Shinya Morita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Peak Position ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Charge Densities ◽  
Capacitance Voltage ◽  
Time Regime ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Transient Spectroscopy ◽  
Gap States ◽  
Capacitance Transient

ABSTRACTIn the present study, the sub-gap states of amorphous In-Ga-Zn-O (a-IGZO) thin films treated with various process conditions have been evaluated by means of capacitance-voltage (C-V) characteristics and isothermal capacitance transient spectroscopy (ICTS). It was found that the space-charge densities of the a-IGZO decreased as the oxygen partial pressure was increased during the sputtering of a-IGZO thin films. The ICTS spectra for the 4, 8, and 12 % samples were similar and the peak positions were found to be around 1 × 10-2 s at 180 K. On the other hand, the peak position for the 20 % sample shifted to a longer time regime and was located at around 2 × 10-1 s at 180 K. The total densities of the traps for the 4, 8, and 12 % samples were calculated to be 5−6 × 1016 cm-3, while that for 20 % was one order of magnitude lower than the others. From Thermal desorption spectrometer, it was found that desorption of Zn atoms started at a temperature higher than 300 °C for the 4 % sample, while desorption of Zn was not observed for the 20 % sample. The introduction of the sub-gap states could be attributed to oxygen-rich and/or Zn-deficient defects in the a-IGZO thin films formed during thermal annealing.

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