scholarly journals Studies of viomycin, an anti-tuberculosis antibiotic: copper(ii) coordination, DNA degradation and the impact on delta ribozyme cleavage activity

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (20) ◽  
pp. 8645-8658 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Stokowa-Sołtys ◽  
N. A. Barbosa ◽  
A. Kasprowicz ◽  
R. Wieczorek ◽  
N. Gaggelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Degradation ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Peptide Antibiotic ◽  
Basic Peptide ◽  
Cleavage Activity ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Delta Ribozyme ◽  
The Impact

Viomycin is a basic peptide antibiotic, which is among the most effective agents against multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.

scholarly journals Assessing the impacts of short-course multidrug-resistant tuberculosis treatment in the Southeast Asia Region using a mathematical modeling approach

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0248846
Author(s):  
Win Min Han ◽  
Wiriya Mahikul ◽  
Thomas Pouplin ◽  
Saranath Lawpoolsri ◽  
Lisa J. White ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Treatment Initiation ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Short Course ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
The Impact

This study aimed to predict the impacts of shorter duration treatment regimens for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) on both MDR-TB percentage among new cases and overall MDR-TB cases in the WHO Southeast Asia Region. A deterministic compartmental model was constructed to describe both the transmission of TB and the MDR-TB situation in the Southeast Asia region. The population-level impacts of short-course treatment regimens were compared with the impacts of conventional regimens. Multi-way analysis was used to evaluate the impact by varying programmatic factors (eligibility for short-course MDR-TB treatment, treatment initiation, and drug susceptibility test (DST) coverage). The model predicted that overall TB incidence will be reduced from 246 (95% credible intervals (CrI), 221–275) per 100,000 population in 2020 to 239 (95% CrI, 215–267) per 100,000 population in 2035, with a modest reduction of 2.8% (95% CrI, 2.7%–2.9%). Despite the slight reduction in overall TB infections, the model predicted that the MDR-TB percentage among newly notified TB infections will remain steady, with 2.4% (95% CrI, 2.1–2.9) in 2020 and 2.5% (95% CrI, 2.3–3.1) in 2035, using conventional MDR-TB treatment. With the introduction of short-course regimens to treat MDR-TB, the development of resistance can be slowed by 38.6% (95% confidence intervals (CI), 35.9–41.3) reduction in MDR-TB case number, and 37.6% (95% CI, 34.9–40.3) reduction in MDR-TB percentage among new TB infections over the 30-year period compared with the baseline using the standard treatment regimen. The multi-way analysis showed eligibility for short-course treatment and treatment initiation greatly influenced the impacts of short-course treatment regimens on reductions in MDR-TB cases and percentage resistance among new infections. Policies which promote the expansion of short-course regimens and early MDR-TB treatment initiation should be considered along with other interventions to tackle antimicrobial resistance in the region.

scholarly journals Impact of HIV co-infection on the evolution and transmission of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis

eLife ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vegard Eldholm ◽  
Adrien Rieux ◽  
Johana Monteserin ◽  
Julia Montana Lopez ◽  
Domingo Palmero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Transmission Networks ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Hiv Epidemic ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Emergence Of Resistance

The tuberculosis (TB) epidemic is fueled by a parallel Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) epidemic, but it remains unclear to what extent the HIV epidemic has been a driver for drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Here we assess the impact of HIV co-infection on the emergence of resistance and transmission of Mtb in the largest outbreak of multidrug-resistant TB in South America to date. By combining Bayesian evolutionary analyses and the reconstruction of transmission networks utilizing a new model optimized for TB, we find that HIV co-infection does not significantly affect the transmissibility or the mutation rate of Mtb within patients and was not associated with increased emergence of resistance within patients. Our results indicate that the HIV epidemic serves as an amplifier of TB outbreaks by providing a reservoir of susceptible hosts, but that HIV co-infection is not a direct driver for the emergence and transmission of resistant strains.

Optimal methods of psychological support in patientswith multidrug-­resistant pulmonary tuberculosis and their effect on adherence to treatment

2021 ◽  
pp. 67-75
Author(s):  
N.A. Lytvynenko ◽  
Yu.O. Senko ◽  
L.M. Protsyk ◽  
V.V. Davydenko ◽  
S.P. Korotchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Psychological Support ◽  
Psychological State ◽  
Adherence To Treatment ◽  
Individual Counseling ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Impact

Tuberculosis is a severe infectious disease that negatively affects not only the physical condition of patients, but also the psychological condition of patients. The first thing — the shock of the first diagnosis of tuberculosis for the patient. The second thing — when the patient realizes that he must be treated for an unusually long time. Objective — to learn the impact of providing psychological support for the patients with tuberculosis in a phthisiatric hospital in the form of individual counseling and group classes for patients. Materials and methods. A prospective surgical study was provided to establish the level of knowledge, level of adherence to treatment of patients with tuberculosis and the degree of violation of their psycho-emotional state at the beginning of treatment, and individual counseling and group classes for patients. The study included 335 patients with multidrug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis, who received treatment at the clinic of the National Institute of Phthisiology and Pulmonology named after F.G. Yanovsky NAMS of Ukraine on short-term and individualized regimens of antimycobacterial therapy in the framework of scientific developments. Patients received questionnaires before treatment and before discharge, counseling on tuberculosis and their psychological state, various group classes. Results and discussion. A comprehensive approach of treatment using different methods of psychological support allowed increasing the level of adherence to treatment by 32% in the group of patients who received a group classes, compared with those patients who didn’t; reduce the level of stigma by 40.5%, halve the severity anxiety disorders. Conclusions. Comprehensive psychological support should be a mandatory component in the treatment of patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, which can significantly reduce stigma, improve the psychological state of patients and their adaptation in society.

scholarly journals Impact of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis and its medications on adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. e034821 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kefyalew Addis Alene ◽  
Akilew Awoke Adane ◽  
Alemken Jegnie
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionMultidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a common public health problem affecting pregnant women. However, the impact of MDR-TB and its medication on pregnancy and perinatal outcomes has been poorly understood and inconsistently reported. Therefore, using the available literature, we aim to determine whether MDR-TB and its medications during pregnancy impact maternal and perinatal outcomes.Methods and analysisThis systematic review and meta-analysis will adhere to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Systematic searches will be conducted in PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science on 10 February 2020 for studies that reported adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes due to MDR-TB and/or its medication. The search will be performed without language and time restrictions. Adverse birth outcomes include miscarriage or abortion, stillbirth, preterm birth, low birth weight, small and large for gestational age, and neonatal death. Two independent reviewers will screen search records, extract data and assess the quality of the studies. The Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale will be used to assess the methodological quality of the included studies. In addition to a narrative synthesis, a random-effects meta-analysis will be conducted when sufficient data are available. I2 statistics will be used to assess the heterogeneity between studies.Ethics and disseminationAs it will be a systematic review and meta-analysis based on previously published evidence, there will be no requirement for ethical approval. Findings will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and will be presented at various conferences.

scholarly journals Modelling the Role of Diagnosis, Treatment, and Health Education on Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Dynamics

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Maliyoni ◽  
P. M. M. Mwamtobe ◽  
S. D. Hove-Musekwa ◽  
J. M. Tchuenche
Keyword(s):  
Health Education ◽  
Deterministic Model ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Drug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multi Drug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
The Impact

Tuberculosis, an airborne disease affecting almost a third of the world’s population remains one of the major public health burdens globally, and the resurgence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in some parts of sub-Saharan Africa calls for concern. To gain insight into its qualitative dynamics at the population level, mathematical modeling which require as inputs key demographic and epidemiological information can fill in gaps where field and lab data are not readily available. A deterministic model for the transmission dynamics of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis to assess the impact of diagnosis, treatment, and health education is formulated. The model assumes that exposed individuals develop active tuberculosis due to endogenous activation and exogenous re-infection. Treatment is offered to all infected individuals except those latently infected with multi-drug resistant tuberculosis. Qualitative analysis using the theory of dynamical systems shows that, in addition to the disease-free equilibrium, there exists a unique dominant locally asymptotically stable equilibrium corresponding to each strain. Numerical simulations suggest that, at the current level of control strategies (with Malawi as a case study), the drug-sensitive tuberculosis can be completely eliminated from the population, thereby reducing multi-drug resistant tuberculosis.

scholarly journals Estimating the contribution of transmission in primary healthcare clinics to community-wide TB disease incidence, and the impact of infection prevention and control interventions, in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicky McCreesh ◽  
Aaron S Karat ◽  
Indira Govender ◽  
Kathy Baisley ◽  
Karin Diaconu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Kwazulu Natal ◽  
And Control ◽  
Primary Healthcare Clinics ◽  
The Impact

Background There is a high risk of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) transmission in healthcare facilities in high burden settings. Recent World Health Organization guidelines on tuberculosis infection prevention and control (IPC) recommend a range of measures to reduce transmission in healthcare and institutional settings. These were evaluated primarily based on evidence for their effects on transmission to healthcare workers in hospitals. To estimate the overall impact of IPC interventions, it is necessary to also consider their impact on overall community-wide tuberculosis incidence and mortality. Methods We developed an individual-based model of Mtb transmission between household members, in primary healthcare clinics (PHCs), and in other congregate settings; drug sensitive and multidrug resistant tuberculosis disease development and resolution; and HIV and antiretroviral therapy (ART) and their effects on tuberculosis. The model was parameterised using data from a high HIV prevalence, rural/peri-urban community in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, including data on social contact in clinics and other settings by sex, age group, and HIV/ART status; and data on the prevalence of tuberculosis in clinic attendees and the general population. We estimated the proportion of disease in adults that resulted from transmission in PHC clinics in 2019, and the impact of a range of IPC interventions in clinics on community-wide TB incidence and mortality. Results We estimate that 7.6% (plausible range 3.9-13.9%) of drug sensitive and multidrug resistant tuberculosis in adults resulted from transmission in PHC clinics in the study community in 2019. The proportion is higher in HIV-positive people, at 9.3% (4.8%-16.8%), compared to 5.3% (2.7%-10.1%) in HIV-negative people. We estimate that IPC interventions could reduce the number of incident TB cases in the community in 2021-2030 by 3.4-8.0%, and the number of deaths by 3.0-7.2%. Conclusions A non-trivial proportion of tuberculosis results from transmission in PHC clinics in the study communities, particularly in HIV-positive people. Implementing IPC interventions could lead to moderate reductions in disease burden. We therefore recommend that IPC measures in clinics should be implemented both for their benefits to staff and patients, but also for their likely effects on TB incidence and mortality in the surrounding community.

scholarly journals Risk of hearing loss among multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients according to cumulative aminoglycoside dose

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Hong ◽  
D. W. Dowdy ◽  
K. E. Dooley ◽  
H. W. Francis ◽  
C. Budhathoki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Dose Group ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Prognostic Impact ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
The Impact

SETTING: The ototoxic effects of aminoglycosides (AGs) lead to permanent hearing loss, which is one of the devastating consequences of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) treatment. As AG ototoxicity is dose-dependent, the impact of a surrogate measure of AG exposure on AG-induced hearing loss warrants close attention for settings with limited therapeutic drug monitoring.OBJECTIVE: To explore the prognostic impact of cumulative AG dose on AG ototoxicity in patients following initiation of AG-containing treatment for MDR-TB.DESIGN: This prospective cohort study was nested within an ongoing cluster-randomized trial of nurse case management intervention across 10 MDR-TB hospitals in South Africa.RESULTS: The adjusted hazard of AG regimen modification due to ototoxicity in the high-dose group (≥75 mg/kg/week) was 1.33 times higher than in the low-dose group (<75 mg/kg/week, 95%CI 1.09–1.64). The adjusted hazard of developing audiometric hearing loss was 1.34 times higher than in the low-dose group (95%CI 1.01–1.77). Pre-existing hearing loss (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.71, 95%CI 1.29–2.26) and age (aHR 1.16 per 10 years of age, 95%CI 1.01–1.33) were also associated with an increased risk of hearing loss.CONCLUSION: MDR-TB patients with high AG dose, advanced age and pre-existing hearing loss have a significantly higher risk of AG-induced hearing loss. Those at high risk may be candidates for more frequent monitoring or AG-sparing regimens.

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