scholarly journals High-speed electrodeposition of copper–tin–zinc stacks from liquid metal salts for Cu2ZnSnSe4 solar cells

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 913-916 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Steichen ◽  
João C. Malaquias ◽  
Monika Arasimowicz ◽  
Rabie Djemour ◽  
Neil R. Brooks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Solar Cells ◽  
Liquid Metal ◽  
Electrochemical Deposition ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Metal Salts ◽  
Solar Applications

High speed electrochemical deposition of copper, tin, and zinc from custom designed ionic liquids for large scale solar applications.

Cobalt(ii) containing liquid metal salts for electrodeposition of cobalt and electrochemical nanoparticle formation

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (38) ◽  
pp. 12845-12855 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeroen Sniekers ◽  
Pieter Geysens ◽  
João C. Malaquías ◽  
Tom Vander Hoogerstraete ◽  
Luc Van Meervelt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Liquid Metal ◽  
Cobalt Nanoparticles ◽  
Metal Salts ◽  
Nanoparticle Formation ◽  
Cobalt Thin Films

Cobalt(ii) containing ionic liquids were used as electrolytes for the electrodeposition of cobalt thin films and cobalt nanoparticles.

Flexible, conjugated polymer-fullerene-based bulk-heterojunction solar cells: Basics, encapsulation, and integration

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 3224-3233 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Dennler ◽  
C. Lungenschmied ◽  
H. Neugebauer ◽  
N.S. Sariciftci ◽  
A. Labouret
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Organic Solar Cells ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Bulk Heterojunction ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Gas Barrier ◽  
Heterojunction Solar Cells ◽  
Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells ◽  
Roll To Roll

Organic solar cells based on conjugated polymer:fullerene blends show nowadays efficiencies above 4%. After briefly presenting the science of bulk-heterojunction solar cells, we report herein a shelf lifetime study performed by encapsulating the cells in a flexible and transparent gas barrier material. This method allows lifetimes as reported for glass encapsulation. Moreover, we propose a new approach to pattern organic solar cells and design large-scale modules. This technique, based on selective Nd:yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) laser etching, potentially enables low-cost, high-speed roll-to-roll operation.

scholarly journals Recent progress in perovskite solar cells: the perovskite layer

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 51-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianfeng Dai ◽  
Ke Xu ◽  
Fanan Wei
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Perovskite Layer ◽  
Low Dimensional

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are set to be game changing components in next-generation photovoltaic technology due to their high efficiency and low cost. In this article, recent progress in the development of perovskite layers, which are the basis of PSCs, is reviewed. Achievements in the fabrication of high-quality perovskite films by various methods and techniques are introduced. The reported works demonstrate that the power conversion efficiency of the perovskite layers depends largely on their morphology and the crystalline quality. Furthermore, recent achievements concerning the scalability of perovskite films are presented. These developments aim at manufacturing large-scale perovskite solar modules at high speed. Moreover, it is shown that the development of low-dimensional perovskites plays an important role in improving the long-term ambient stability of PSCs. Finally, these latest advancements can enhance the competitiveness of PSCs in photovoltaics, paving the way for their commercialization. In the closing section of this review, some future critical challenges are outlined, and the prospect of commercialization of PSCs is presented.

Towards an all-copper redox flow battery based on a copper-containing ionic liquid

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 414-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stijn Schaltin ◽  
Yun Li ◽  
Neil R. Brooks ◽  
Jeroen Sniekers ◽  
Ivo F. J. Vankelecom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Liquid Metal ◽  
Metal Salts ◽  
Redox Flow Battery ◽  
Flow Battery

The first all-copper redox flow battery based on ionic liquids or liquid metal salts.

Do elite soccer players cover longer distance when losing? Differences between attackers and defenders

2020 ◽  
pp. 174795412098227
Author(s):  
Carlos Lago-Peñas ◽  
Anton Kalén ◽  
Miguel Lorenzo-Martinez ◽  
Roberto López-Del Campo ◽  
Ricardo Resta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Running Performance ◽  
Situational Variables ◽  
Total Distance ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Score Line

This study aimed to evaluate the effects playing position, match location (home or away), quality of opposition (strong or weak), effective playing time (total time minus stoppages), and score-line on physical match performance in professional soccer players using a large-scale analysis. A total of 10,739 individual match observations of outfield players competing in the Spanish La Liga during the 2018–2019 season were recorded using a computerized tracking system (TRACAB, Chyronhego, New York, USA). The players were classified into five positions (central defenders, players = 94; external defenders, players = 82; central midfielders, players = 101; external midfielders, players = 72; and forwards, players = 67) and the following match running performance categories were considered: total distance covered, low-speed running (LSR) distance (0–14 km · h−1), medium-speed running (MSR) distance (14–21 km · h−1), high-speed running (HSR) distance (>21 km · h−1), very HSR (VHSR) distance (21–24 km · h−1), sprint distance (>24 km · h−1) Overall, match running performance was highly dependent on situational variables, especially the score-line condition (winning, drawing, losing). Moreover, the score-line affected players running performance differently depending on their playing position. Losing status increased the total distance and the distance covered at MSR, HSR, VHSR and Sprint by defenders, while attacking players showed the opposite trend. These findings may help coaches and managers to better understand the effects of situational variables on physical performance in La Liga and could be used to develop a model for predicting the physical activity profile in competition.

scholarly journals 1.5 °C degrowth scenarios suggest the need for new mitigation pathways

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenz T. Keyßer ◽  
Manfred Lenzen
Keyword(s):  
Technological Change ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Climate Mitigation ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Economic Output ◽  
Integrated Assessment Modelling ◽  
Negative Emissions ◽  
Energy Emissions

Abstract1.5  °C scenarios reported by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) rely on combinations of controversial negative emissions and unprecedented technological change, while assuming continued growth in gross domestic product (GDP). Thus far, the integrated assessment modelling community and the IPCC have neglected to consider degrowth scenarios, where economic output declines due to stringent climate mitigation. Hence, their potential to avoid reliance on negative emissions and speculative rates of technological change remains unexplored. As a first step to address this gap, this paper compares 1.5  °C degrowth scenarios with IPCC archetype scenarios, using a simplified quantitative representation of the fuel-energy-emissions nexus. Here we find that the degrowth scenarios minimize many key risks for feasibility and sustainability compared to technology-driven pathways, such as the reliance on high energy-GDP decoupling, large-scale carbon dioxide removal and large-scale and high-speed renewable energy transformation. However, substantial challenges remain regarding political feasibility. Nevertheless, degrowth pathways should be thoroughly considered.

scholarly journals Prevention of Mountain Disasters and Maintenance of Residential Area through Real-Time Terrain Rendering

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2950
Author(s):  
Su-Kyung Sung ◽  
Eun-Seok Lee ◽  
Byeong-Seok Shin
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Graphics Processing Units ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Civil Engineering ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Sampled Data ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Terrain Rendering ◽  
Mountain Disasters

Climate change increases the frequency of localized heavy rains and typhoons. As a result, mountain disasters, such as landslides and earthworks, continue to occur, causing damage to roads and residential areas downstream. Moreover, large-scale civil engineering works, including dam construction, cause rapid changes in the terrain, which harm the stability of residential areas. Disasters, such as landslides and earthenware, occur extensively, and there are limitations in the field of investigation; thus, there are many studies being conducted to model terrain geometrically and to observe changes in terrain according to external factors. However, conventional topography methods are expressed in a way that can only be interpreted by people with specialized knowledge. Therefore, there is a lack of consideration for three-dimensional visualization that helps non-experts understand. We need a way to express changes in terrain in real time and to make it intuitive for non-experts to understand. In conventional height-based terrain modeling and simulation, there is a problem in which some of the sampled data are irregularly distorted and do not show the exact terrain shape. The proposed method utilizes a hierarchical vertex cohesion map to correct inaccurately modeled terrain caused by uniform height sampling, and to compensate for geometric errors using Hausdorff distances, while not considering only the elevation difference of the terrain. The mesh reconstruction, which triangulates the three-vertex placed at each location and makes it the smallest unit of 3D model data, can be done at high speed on graphics processing units (GPUs). Our experiments confirm that it is possible to express changes in terrain accurately and quickly compared with existing methods. These functions can improve the sustainability of residential spaces by predicting the damage caused by mountainous disasters or civil engineering works around the city and make it easy for non-experts to understand.

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