The combined action of methanolysis and heterogeneous photocatalysis in the decomposition of chemical warfare agents

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (88) ◽  
pp. 12956-12959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicoleta Petrea ◽  
Răzvan Petre ◽  
Gabriel Epure ◽  
Vasile Şomoghi ◽  
Liviu C. Tănase ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic System ◽  
Chemical Warfare Agents ◽  
Nerve Agent ◽  
Heterogeneous Photocatalysis ◽  
Chemical Warfare ◽  
Warfare Agents ◽  
Combined Action

The combination of methanolysis and photocatalysis can be used for the decomposition of CWA. Herein, we present such a catalytic system, which is able to perform efficient nerve agent decomposition in just 1 minute.

Future Considerations for the Medical Management of Nerve-Agent Intoxication

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 208-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pål Aas
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Warfare Agents ◽  
Nerve Agents ◽  
Nerve Agent ◽  
Chemical Warfare ◽  
Weapons Of Mass Destruction ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
International Conflicts ◽  
Mass Destruction ◽  
The World ◽  
Warfare Agents

AbstractThe use of chemical warfare agents against civilians and unprotected troops in international conflicts or by terrorists against civilians is considered to be a real threat, particularly following the terrorist attacks on 11 September 2001 against the World Trade Center in New York and against the Pentagon in Washington, DC. Over the past 10 years, terrorists have been planning to use or have used chemical warfare agents on several occasions around the world, and the attacks in 2001 illustrate their willingness to use any means of warfare to cause death and destruction among civilians. In spite of new international treaties with strong verification measures and with an aim to prohibit and prevent the use of weapons of mass destruction, nevertheless, some countries and terrorist groups have been able to develop, produce, and use such weapons, particularly nerve agents, in domestic terrorist attacks or during warfare in international conflicts. This article reviews current medical therapy for nerve-agent intoxication and discusses possible future improvement of medical therapies.Present medical counter-measures against nerve agents are not sufficiently effective particularly in protecting the brain. Therefore, new and more effective countermeasures must be developed to enable better medical treatment of civilians and military personnel following exposure to nerve agents. Therefore, it is important with an enhanced effort by all countries, to improve and increase research in medical countermeasures, in the development of protective equipment, and in carrying out regular training of medical and emergency personnel as well as of military nuclear, biological, or chemical (NBC) units. Only then will nations be able to reduce the risk from and prevent the use of such weapons of mass destruction (WMD).

Smart textiles of MOF/g-C3N4nanospheres for the rapid detection/detoxification of chemical warfare agents

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 356-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitrios A. Giannakoudakis ◽  
Yuping Hu ◽  
Marc Florent ◽  
Teresa J. Bandosz
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Detection ◽  
Chemical Warfare Agents ◽  
Nerve Agent ◽  
Chemical Warfare ◽  
Smart Textiles ◽  
Cotton Textiles ◽  
Warfare Agents

Impregnated cotton textiles with a MOF based nanocomposite revealed a supreme multi-functionality to adsorb/degrade/sense vapors of a nerve agent surrogate.

scholarly journals Chemical weapon in the 20th and 21st centuries. Part 1. Chemical warfare agents before G nerve agent group discovery

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 95-118
Author(s):  
Marcin Kloske ◽  
Zygfryd Witkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Chemical Warfare Agents ◽  
Nerve Agent ◽  
Chemical Warfare ◽  
Chemical Weapon ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Warfare Agents ◽  
First World ◽  
Agent Group

The publication contains a synthesis of knowledge about chemical weapon and its use during the First World War and in the period after that war, until the nerve agent discovery. It describes chemical warfare agents (CWAs) that were discovered, produced, and used on the battlefield at that time. They are referred to as the first and second CWAs generation. Keywords: chemical weapon, chemical warfare agents, World War I, interwar period

One-flow upscaling neutralization of an organophosphonate-derived pesticide/nerve agent simulant to value-added chemicals in a novel Teflon microreactor platform

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brijesh M. Sharma ◽  
Se-Jun Yim ◽  
Arun Nikam ◽  
Gwang-Noh Ahn ◽  
Dong-Pyo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Warfare Agents ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Nerve Agent ◽  
Chemical Warfare ◽  
Warfare Agents ◽  
Value Added Products

Synthesizing value-added products from chemical warfare agents is a concept well beyond the usual notion of simply neutralizing the agents.

scholarly journals Synthesis of macroscopic monolithic metal–organic gels for ultra-fast destruction of chemical warfare agents

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (36) ◽  
pp. 22125-22130
Author(s):  
Chuan Zhou ◽  
Shouxin Zhang ◽  
Hongjie Pan ◽  
Guang Yang ◽  
Lingyun Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Mustard ◽  
Chemical Warfare Agents ◽  
Nerve Agent ◽  
Chemical Warfare ◽  
Hierarchically Porous ◽  
Warfare Agents ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
First Time

For the first time, we report hierarchically porous monolithic UiO-66-X xerogels for ultra-fast destruction of chemical warfare agents. The half-lives of the vesicant agent sulfur mustard (HD) and of the nerve agent VX are as short as 14.4 min and 1.5 min, respectively.

scholarly journals Investigating the breakdown of the nerve agent simulant methyl paraoxon and chemical warfare agents GB and VX using nitrogen containing bases

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (47) ◽  
pp. 9285-9291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig Wilson ◽  
Nicholas J. Cooper ◽  
Michael E. Briggs ◽  
Andrew I. Cooper ◽  
Dave J. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Warfare Agents ◽  
Nerve Agent ◽  
Chemical Warfare ◽  
Warfare Agents ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

A range of nitrogen containing bases was tested for the hydrolysis of a nerve agent simulant, methyl paraoxon (MP), and the chemical warfare agents, GB and VX.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review on Nerve Chemical Warfare Agents

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1329-1333
Author(s):  
Gagan R
Keyword(s):  
Organophosphorus Compounds ◽  
Chemical Warfare Agents ◽  
Nerve Agents ◽  
Nerve Agent ◽  
Chemical Warfare ◽  
The Body ◽  
Warfare Agents ◽  
Pralidoxime Chloride ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Enzyme ◽  
Neurological System

Abstract: The recent poisoning of Russian opposition figure and critic Alexei Navalny on August 20th , 2020 with a Soviet-era Novichok nerve agent reminded the world of the use of chemical agents, especially nerve agents to eliminate individual targets or for mass destruction. Nerve agents are a class of organophosphorus compounds. Soman, Sarin, Tabun, Cyclosarin, VX are a few examples of nerve agents. Nerve agents affect a person by disrupting the mechanism by which nerve signals are passed in the body. They inhibit the action of acetylcholinesterase enzyme which is responsible for the breakdown of acetylcholine neurotransmitters leading to accumulation of acetylcholine in the body. Nerve agents have a range of chemical effects on the eye, gastro-intestinal (GI) tract, Central nervous system (CNS), Respiratory system, Cardiovascular system and Neurological system. The management of nerve agent poisoning is done by administering Atropine or Pralidoxime chloride or also by administering anticonvulsants like Benzodiazepines or Diazepam. This review presents all such detailed information on this class of chemical Warfare agents. Keywords: Chemical Warfare Weapon, Nerve Agents, Acetylcholinesterase, Toxicity, Instrumentation

scholarly journals Controllable Synthesis of Conjugated Microporous Polymer Films for Ultra-sensitive Detection of Chemical Warfare Agents

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanqi Mo ◽  
Yu Chen ◽  
Huaqian Liu ◽  
Zhiyong Cheng ◽  
Hongwei Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Chemical Warfare Agents ◽  
Nerve Agent ◽  
Chemical Warfare ◽  
Conjugated Microporous Polymer ◽  
Microporous Polymer ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Warfare Agents ◽  
Portable Sensor

Abstract Nerve agents, one of the most toxic chemical warfare agents, seriously threaten human life and public security. The development of highly sensitive nerve-agent sensors has become an imperative and challenging topic. Reported here are two fluorescent conjugated microporous polymer (CMP) films, which show superior sensitivity for DCP (nerve-agent simulant). The limit of detection of TCzP-CMP can be determined as 13.2 ppt, which is the best report. This is due to the synergy of the susceptible "on-off" effect of hybridization and de-hybridization of hybrid local and charge transfer (HLCT) materials and the microporous structure of CMP films facilitating the inward diffusion of DCP vapor, and the “molecular wire effect”. This strategy provides a new idea for the future development of gas sensors. In addition, a portable sensor is successfully integrated based on TCzP-CMP films that enables wireless, remote, ultrasensitive, and real-time detection of DCP vapors.

NEUROLOGICAL FEATURES IN CHILDREN AND DIPHENYLARSINIC ACID PROBABLY DERIVED FROM CHEMICAL WARFARE AGENTS

2006 ◽  
Vol 37 (S 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
N Iwasaki ◽  
S Miyamoto ◽  
K Ishii ◽  
T Takeda ◽  
T Ohto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Warfare Agents ◽  
Chemical Warfare ◽  
Warfare Agents ◽  
Neurological Features
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