Directing the Viedma ripening of ethylenediammonium sulfate using “Tailor-made” chiral additives

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (85) ◽  
pp. 12626-12629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thi Phuong Thao Nguyen ◽  
Pui Shan Monica Cheung ◽  
Liora Werber ◽  
Jacinthe Gagnon ◽  
Reajean Sivakumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diammonium Sulfate

Viedma ripening of ethylenediammonium sulfate can be directed with chiral 1,2-diammonium sulfate derivatives according to the “rule-of-reversal”.

(1R,3S)-1,2,2-Trimethylcyclopentane-1,3-diammonium sulfate

2007 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. o4927-o4927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhao-Lian Chu ◽  
Ying Fan ◽  
Wei Huang ◽  
Jian-Lan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Diammonium Sulfate

Species Differ in Response to Adjuvants with Glyphosate

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 561-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Nalewaja ◽  
Robert Matysiak
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Chloride ◽  
Weight Reduction ◽  
Separate Experiment ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Water Spray ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Calcium Antagonism ◽  
Diammonium Sulfate

Diammonium sulfate often is used as an adjuvant with glyphosate. Experiments were conducted in the greenhouse to determine the effectiveness of diammonium sulfate in overcoming calcium antagonism of glyphosate toxicity to wheat, sunflower, kochia, and soybean. Each species was a separate experiment and treatments varied with the experiment. Diammonium sulfate at 0.5% (w/v) in a spray carrier containing calcium chloride (500 ppm calcium) overcame calcium antagonism of glyphosate toxicity to wheat, overcame antagonism and enhanced toxicity to sunflower, but only partly overcame calcium antagonism of toxicity to kochia and soybean. With glyphosate at 100 g ae ha–1, diammonium sulfate at 2% (w/v) in a distilled water spray carrier enhanced toxicity to sunflower from a 11% to a 55% fresh weight reduction but was antagonistic to glyphosate toxicity to kochia and soybean.

2,4-D Amine Antagonism by Salts

1991 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 873-880 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Nalewaja ◽  
Zenon Woznica ◽  
Robert Matysiak
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Nonionic Surfactants ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Ammonium Salts ◽  
Bicarbonate Concentration ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Iron Salts ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Diammonium Sulfate ◽  
Phosphate Salts

Research was conducted to determine the influence of salts on 2,4-D toxicity to kochia. Calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, and iron salts except for sulfate and phosphate salts of calcium and sodium were antagonistic to 2,4-D diethanolamine. None of the ammonium salts antagonized 2,4-D control of kochia. Effects of individual ions generally antagonistic to 2,4-D were additive when in mixture. 2,4-D generally controlled kochia better when mixed with various acids than with their ammonium salts in distilled, sodium bicarbonate, or ferric sulfate water carriers, relating to the lower pH with the acids. However, low pH was not essential in overcoming salt antagonism of 2,4-D for kochia control, nor was 2,4-D always effective with low pH. Sulfate and monobasic phosphate anions were most effective in overcoming sodium bicarbonate and calcium chloride antagonism of 2,4-D. The concentration of diammonium sulfate needed to overcome sodium bicarbonate antagonism of 2,4-D increased with sodium bicarbonate concentration. Diammonium sulfate at 2% (w/v) overcame 1200 mg L–1sodium as sodium bicarbonate. Nonionic surfactants and oil adjuvants also overcame antagonism of 2,4-D caused by water from several sources.

2,4-D and Salt Combinations Affect Glyphosate Phytotoxicity

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 322-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Nalewaja ◽  
Robert Matysiak
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Calcium Chloride ◽  
Sodium Salt ◽  
Nonionic Surfactants ◽  
Ferric Sulfate ◽  
Inorganic Salts ◽  
Diammonium Sulfate

Experiments conducted in the greenhouse indicated that 2,4-D antagonism of glyphosate toxicity to wheat was sodium salt = butoxyethyl ester ≥ diethanolamine. Isopropylamine salt of 2,4-D generally was not antagonistic to glyphosate phytotoxicity. Isopropylamine salt of 2,4-D did not influence the antagonism of glyphosate by inorganic salts in the spray carrier. Antagonism of glyphosate toxicity to wheat by 2,4-D increased when sodium bicarbonate, calcium chloride, and ferric sulfate were in the spray carrier water. Isopropylamine alone as an adjuvant enhanced glyphosate toxicity to wheat, and overcame ferric sulfate and sodium bicarbonate antagonism of glyphosate. Diammonium sulfate adjuvant overcame antagonism to glyphosate phytotoxicity from 2,4-D, sodium bicarbonate, and calcium chloride each alone or the salts in combination with 2,4-D. Nonionic surfactants differed in enhancement of glyphosate but none overcame antagonism from salts or 2,4-D.

Optimizing Adjuvants to Overcome Glyphosate Antagonistic Salts

1993 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Nalewaja ◽  
Robert Matysiak
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Calcium Chloride ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium ◽  
Diammonium Sulfate

Glyphosate toxicity to wheat was antagonized more by calcium chloride than sodium bicarbonate. Mixtures of the salts at greater than 100 mg L−1sodium bicarbonate and 200 mg L−1calcium chloride were additive in antagonism of glyphosate in the greenhouse experiments. Surfactant and oil adjuvants did not overcome sodium bicarbonate or calcium chloride antagonism of glyphosate. Oil adjuvants were generally antagonistic to glyphosate. An equation is presented that determines the amount of diammonium sulfate required to overcome glyphosate antagonism based upon the sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium cations in the spray carrier.

Comparison of Glyphosate Salts (Isopropylamine, Diammonium, and Potassium) and Calcium and Magnesium Concentrations on the Control of Various Weeds

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 164-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas C. Mueller ◽  
Christopher L. Main ◽  
M. Angela Thompson ◽  
Lawrence E. Steckel
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Pitted Morningglory ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium ◽  
Diammonium Sulfate ◽  
And Control ◽  
Glyphosate Formulations

Greenhouse and field experiments were conducted near Knoxville, TN, during 2002 and 2003 to investigate the effects of calcium and magnesium ions on the performance of three glyphosate formulations with and without diammonium sulfate (AMS). Weed species investigated in the greenhouse were broadleaf signalgrass, pitted morningglory, Palmer amaranth, and yellow nutsedge. Three glyphosate formulations (isopropylamine salt, diammonium salt, and potassium salt) and two glyphosate application rates (0.42 and 0.84 kg ae/ha) were applied to weeds in water fortified with either calcium or magnesium at concentrations of 0, 250, 500, 750, and 1,000 ppm. In all comparisons, there were no differences in the three glyphosate formulations. Glyphosate activity was reduced only when cation concentration was >250 ppm, and this antagonism was not observed when 2% w/ w AMS was added to the spray solution. A chemical analysis of the calcium and magnesium concentrations in water collected from farmers indicated that water samples from eight different producers contained relatively low amounts of cations, with calcium at <40 ppm and magnesium at <8 ppm. In the field results using these and other waters as the herbicide carrier, broadleaf signalgrass control was greater with the 0.84 kg ae/ha than 0.42 kg ae/ha glyphosate rate regardless of water source or addition of AMS. Pitted morningglory responded similarly to glyphosate with water from all farms and with AMS added, and the addition of AMS gave similar results for both glyphosate rates. In 2003, common cocklebur was evaluated and control was >93% regardless of glyphosate rate, water source, or AMS addition. Based on these results, the addition of AMS-based adjuvants to many glyphosate applications may not be warranted.

scholarly journals Increasing the Production of β-Glucan from Saccharomyces carlsbergensis RU01 by Using Tannic Acid

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natthaporn Chotigavin ◽  
Wiramsri Sriphochanart ◽  
Surachai Yaiyen ◽  
Sanya Kudan
Keyword(s):  
Tannic Acid ◽  
Functional Foods ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Brewer’S Yeast ◽  
Saccharomyces Carlsbergensis ◽  
Brewer's Yeast ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Dry Cell Weight ◽  
Diammonium Sulfate ◽  
Dry Cell

AbstractIn this study, we increased β-glucan production from brewer’s yeast, Saccharomyces carlsbergensis RU01, by using tannic acid. High-pressure freezing and transmission electron microscopy (HPF-TEM) revealed that the yeast cell wall obtained from yeast malt (YM) medium supplemented with 0.1% w/v tannic acid was thicker than that of yeast cultured in YM medium alone. The production of β-glucan from S. carlsbergensis RU01 was optimized in 3% w/v molasses and 0.1% w/v diammonium sulfate (MDS) medium supplemented with 0.1% w/v tannic acid. The results showed that MDS medium supplemented with 0.1% w/v tannic acid significantly increased the dry cell weight (DCW), and the β-glucan production was 0.28±0.01% w/v and 11.99±0.04% w/w. Tannic acid enhanced the β-glucan content by up to 42.23%. β-Glucan production in the stirred tank reactor (STR) was 1.4-fold higher than that in the shake flask (SF) culture. Analysis of the β-glucan composition by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy showed that the β-glucan of S. carlsbergensis RU01 cultured in MDS medium supplemented with 0.1% w/v tannic acid had a higher proportion of polysaccharide than that of the control. In addition, β-glucans from brewer’s yeast can be used as prebiotic and functional foods for human health and in animal feed.

Cotton and Weed Response to Glyphosate Applied with Sulfur-Containing Additives

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 404-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilson H. Faircloth ◽  
C. Dale Monks ◽  
Michael G. Patterson ◽  
Glenn R. Wehtje ◽  
Dennis P. Delaney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Studies ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Mapping Data ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Treated Area ◽  
Diammonium Sulfate ◽  
Sulfur Containing ◽  
Radiotracer Techniques

Field studies were conducted to assess two sulfur-containing additives for use with glyphosate applied postemergence to glyphosate-resistant cotton for the control of sicklepod and yellow nutsedge. Neither diammonium sulfate (AMS) nor ammonium thiosulfate (ATS), both applied at 2.24 kg/ha, increased control of either species. Effective control of both species was dependent on glyphosate (isopropylamine salt) rate alone, with optimum control at 1.26 kg ae/ha. Plant-mapping data further indicated that sulfur-containing additives generally had no effect on either cotton fruiting patterns or yield. However, applying glyphosate at any rate did increase seed cotton yield in 2 of 3 yr vs. no glyphosate. In addition, applying glyphosate at any rate resulted in an increase in the number of bolls vs. no glyphosate in the following plant-mapping responses: total number of bolls per plant, number of abcised bolls per plant, bolls at the top five sympodial nodes, and bolls at positions 1 and 2 on the sympodia. Glyphosate absorption and subsequent translocation, as influenced by the addition of the sulfur-containing additives, was evaluated using radiotracer techniques. Glyphosate absorption after 48 h was 86, 63, and 37% of amount applied in cotton, sicklepod, and yellow nutsedge, respectively. Absorption by sicklepod and yellow nutsedge was not affected by the addition of either of the additives. Absorption by cotton was reduced by ATS but was not affected by AMS. In yellow nutsedge and cotton, glyphosate concentration in the treated area and adjacent tissue was not affected by either additive. A greater portion of glyphosate was translocated away from the treated area in sicklepod with glyphosate plus AMS (32%) than with glyphosate plus ATS (21%). AMS and ATS may be used in glyphosate-resistant cotton without the risk of either crop injury or yield reduction. However, their use for increased control of annual weed species, such as sicklepod and yellow nutsedge, may not be warranted.

Sodium Bicarbonate Antagonism of Sethoxydim

1989 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 654-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Nalewaja ◽  
Frank A. Manthey ◽  
Edward F. Szelezniak ◽  
Zbigniew Anyska
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Sodium Carbonate ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Liquid Fertilizer ◽  
Influence Of Water ◽  
Diammonium Sulfate

Research was conducted to determine the influence of water carrier quality on grass control from sethoxydim. Water from a well near Halliday, ND, where sethoxydim failed to control grasses, contained 650 mg/L sodium and 1650 mg/L bicarbonate. Both sodium bicarbonate and sodium carbonate when included in the sethoxydim spray reduced grass species control in the greenhouse and field. Sodium carbonate in the spray generally was more antagonistic than sodium bicarbonate to sethoxydim toxicity to grasses. The antagonism from sodium bicarbonate at 6000 mg/L was overcome by diammonium sulfate or ammonium nitrate at 2.8 kg/ha or a 28% nitrogen liquid fertilizer at 9.4 L/ha in the sethoxydim spray. These compounds also overcame sodium carbonate and partly overcame the antagonism of sethoxydim by bentazon. Three commercial adjuvants for use with sethoxydim differed in their effect on wheat and oats control with sethoxydim alone or with bentazon.

Spray Carrier Salts Affect Herbicide Toxicity to Kochia (Kochia scoparia)

1993 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 154-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Nalewaja ◽  
Robert Matysiak
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Calcium Chloride ◽  
Kochia Scoparia ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments ◽  
Herbicide Toxicity ◽  
Diammonium Sulfate

Calcium chloride in the spray carrier antagonized the toxicity of diethanolamine 2,4-D and sodium 2,4-D, dimethylamine MCPA, sodium bentazon, dimethylamine dicamba and sodium dicamba, sodium acifluorfen, imazamethabenz, ammonium imazethapyr, and isopropylamine glyphosate to kochia in greenhouse experiments. Diammonium sulfate overcame calcium chloride antagonism of the above herbicides, except for glyphosate and imazethapyr. Diammonium sulfate or ammonium nitrate adjuvants overcame calcium chloride and sodium bicarbonate antagonism of dicamba toxicity to kochia and enhanced toxicity of sodium dicamba to nearly equal that of dimethylamine dicamba.

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