scholarly journals A highly selective fluorogenic probe for the detection and in vivo imaging of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (58) ◽  
pp. 9093-9096 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liyun Zhang ◽  
Jun Cheng Er ◽  
Hao Jiang ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
Zhaofeng Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
In Vivo Imaging ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Fluorogenic Probe

Fine-tuning the BODIPY chemical structure to develop a highly selective fluorophore for Cu/Zn SOD.

scholarly journals Dual-Functional, Receptor-Targeted Fluorogenic Probe for In Vivo Imaging of Extracellular Protease Expressions

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 1001-1005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Zhu ◽  
Jin Xie ◽  
Magdalena Swierczewska ◽  
Fan Zhang ◽  
Xin Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vivo Imaging ◽  
Extracellular Protease ◽  
Dual Functional ◽  
Fluorogenic Probe ◽  
Functional Receptor

scholarly journals Discovery of Butyrylcholinesterase-Activated Near-Infrared Fluorogenic Probe for Live-Cell and In Vivo Imaging

ACS Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
pp. 2118-2128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi-Yu Liu ◽  
Hao Xiong ◽  
Jia-Qian Yang ◽  
Shu-Hou Yang ◽  
Yingfu Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vivo Imaging ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Live Cell ◽  
Fluorogenic Probe

scholarly journals The chemical structure and phosphorothioate content of hydrophobically modified siRNAs impact extrahepatic distribution and efficacy

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (14) ◽  
pp. 7665-7680
Author(s):  
Annabelle Biscans ◽  
Jillian Caiazzi ◽  
Sarah Davis ◽  
Nicholas McHugh ◽  
Jacquelyn Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Sirna Delivery ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Endosomal Escape ◽  
Systematic Evaluation ◽  
Small Interfering Rnas ◽  
Tissue Accumulation ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) have revolutionized the treatment of liver diseases. However, robust siRNA delivery to other tissues represents a major technological need. Conjugating lipids (e.g. docosanoic acid, DCA) to siRNA supports extrahepatic delivery, but tissue accumulation and gene silencing efficacy are lower than that achieved in liver by clinical-stage compounds. The chemical structure of conjugated siRNA may significantly impact invivo efficacy, particularly in tissues with lower compound accumulation. Here, we report the first systematic evaluation of the impact of siRNA scaffold—i.e. structure, phosphorothioate (PS) content, linker composition—on DCA-conjugated siRNA delivery and efficacy in vivo. We found that structural asymmetry (e.g. 5- or 2-nt overhang) has no impact on accumulation, but is a principal factor for enhancing activity in extrahepatic tissues. Similarly, linker chemistry (cleavable versus stable) altered activity, but not accumulation. In contrast, increasing PS content enhanced accumulation of asymmetric compounds, but negatively impacted efficacy. Our findings suggest that siRNA tissue accumulation does not fully define efficacy, and that the impact of siRNA chemical structure on activity is driven by intracellular re-distribution and endosomal escape. Fine-tuning siRNA chemical structure for optimal extrahepatic efficacy is a critical next step for the progression of therapeutic RNAi applications beyond liver.

Fluorescent proteins for in vivo imaging, where's the biliverdin?

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 2657-2667
Author(s):  
Felipe Montecinos-Franjola ◽  
John Y. Lin ◽  
Erik A. Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
In Vivo Imaging ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Fluorescent Proteins ◽  
Fluorescent Imaging ◽  
Infrared Light ◽  
Red Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Color Palette

Noninvasive fluorescent imaging requires far-red and near-infrared fluorescent proteins for deeper imaging. Near-infrared light penetrates biological tissue with blood vessels due to low absorbance, scattering, and reflection of light and has a greater signal-to-noise due to less autofluorescence. Far-red and near-infrared fluorescent proteins absorb light >600 nm to expand the color palette for imaging multiple biosensors and noninvasive in vivo imaging. The ideal fluorescent proteins are bright, photobleach minimally, express well in the desired cells, do not oligomerize, and generate or incorporate exogenous fluorophores efficiently. Coral-derived red fluorescent proteins require oxygen for fluorophore formation and release two hydrogen peroxide molecules. New fluorescent proteins based on phytochrome and phycobiliproteins use biliverdin IXα as fluorophores, do not require oxygen for maturation to image anaerobic organisms and tumor core, and do not generate hydrogen peroxide. The small Ultra-Red Fluorescent Protein (smURFP) was evolved from a cyanobacterial phycobiliprotein to covalently attach biliverdin as an exogenous fluorophore. The small Ultra-Red Fluorescent Protein is biophysically as bright as the enhanced green fluorescent protein, is exceptionally photostable, used for biosensor development, and visible in living mice. Novel applications of smURFP include in vitro protein diagnostics with attomolar (10−18 M) sensitivity, encapsulation in viral particles, and fluorescent protein nanoparticles. However, the availability of biliverdin limits the fluorescence of biliverdin-attaching fluorescent proteins; hence, extra biliverdin is needed to enhance brightness. New methods for improved biliverdin bioavailability are necessary to develop improved bright far-red and near-infrared fluorescent proteins for noninvasive imaging in vivo.

Potential Uses of Vinegar as a Medicine and Related in vivo Mechanisms

2016 ◽  
Vol 86 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 127-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeshan Ali ◽  
Zhenbin Wang ◽  
Rai Muhammad Amir ◽  
Shoaib Younas ◽  
Asif Wali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Positive Effect

While the use of vinegar to fi ght against infections and other crucial conditions dates back to Hippocrates, recent research has found that vinegar consumption has a positive effect on biomarkers for diabetes, cancer, and heart diseases. Different types of vinegar have been used in the world during different time periods. Vinegar is produced by a fermentation process. Foods with a high content of carbohydrates are a good source of vinegar. Review of the results of different studies performed on vinegar components reveals that the daily use of these components has a healthy impact on the physiological and chemical structure of the human body. During the era of Hippocrates, people used vinegar as a medicine to treat wounds, which means that vinegar is one of the ancient foods used as folk medicine. The purpose of the current review paper is to provide a detailed summary of the outcome of previous studies emphasizing the role of vinegar in treatment of different diseases both in acute and chronic conditions, its in vivo mechanism and the active role of different bacteria.

In vivo imaging of beta-amyloid load in transgenic rodents with [F-18]FDDNP microPET

2005 ◽  
Vol 25 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. S588-S588
Author(s):  
Vladimir Kepe ◽  
Gregory M Cole ◽  
Jie Liu ◽  
Dorothy G Flood ◽  
Stephen P Trusko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vivo Imaging ◽  
Beta Amyloid ◽  
Amyloid Load

In vivo imaging of liver injury and regeneration by functional two-photon microscopy

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (12) ◽  
pp. 1343-1404
Author(s):  
A Ghallab ◽  
R Reif ◽  
R Hassan ◽  
AS Seddek ◽  
JG Hengstler
Keyword(s):  
Liver Injury ◽  
In Vivo Imaging ◽  
Two Photon Microscopy ◽  
Two Photon

Superoxide, Xanthine Oxidase and Platelet Reactions: Further Studies on Mechanisms by which Oxidants Influence Platelets

1981 ◽  
Vol 45 (03) ◽  
pp. 290-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter H Levine ◽  
Danielle G Sladdin ◽  
Norman I Krinsky
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Cytochrome C ◽  
Xanthine Oxidase ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Platelet Function ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Release Reaction

SummaryIn the course of studying the effects on platelets of the oxidant species superoxide (O- 2), Of was generated by the interaction of xanthine oxidase plus xanthine. Surprisingly, gel-filtered platelets, when exposed to xanthine oxidase in the absence of xanthine substrate, were found to generate superoxide (O- 2), as determined by the reduction of added cytochrome c and by the inhibition of this reduction in the presence of superoxide dismutase.In addition to generating Of, the xanthine oxidase-treated platelets display both aggregation and evidence of the release reaction. This xanthine oxidase induced aggreagtion is not inhibited by the addition of either superoxide dismutase or cytochrome c, suggesting that it is due to either a further metabolite of O- 2, or that O- 2 itself exerts no important direct effect on platelet function under these experimental conditions. The ability of Of to modulate platelet reactions in vivo or in vitro remains in doubt, and xanthine oxidase is an unsuitable source of O- 2 in platelet studies because of its own effects on platelets.

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