A review: the trend of progress about pH probes in cell application in recent years

The Analyst ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 142 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongkang Yue ◽  
Fangjun Huo ◽  
Songyi Lee ◽  
Caixia Yin ◽  
Juyoung Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Intracellular Ph ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Ph Probes ◽  
In Cells

Intracellular pH values are some of the most important factors that govern biological processes and the acid–base homeostasis in cells, body fluids and organs sustains the normal operations of the body.

Respiratory Acidosis and Alkalosis

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Horacio J Adrogué ◽  
Nicolaos E Madias
Keyword(s):  
Carbonic Acid ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Respiratory Acidosis ◽  
Respiratory Alkalosis ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
The Body ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Acid Base Equilibrium ◽  
Therapeutic Principles ◽  
The Impact

Respiratory acid-base disorders are those disturbances in acid-base equilibrium that are expressed by a primary change in CO2 tension (Pco2) and reflect primary changes in the body’s CO2 stores (i.e., carbonic acid). A primary increase in Pco2 (and a primary increase in the body’s CO2 stores) defines respiratory acidosis or primary hypercapnia and is characterized by acidification of the body fluids. By contrast, a primary decrease in Pco2 (and a primary decrease in the body’s CO2 stores) defines respiratory alkalosis or primary hypocapnia and is characterized by alkalinization of the body fluids. Primary changes in Pco2 elicit secondary physiologic changes in plasma [HCO3ˉ] that are directional and proportional to the primary changes and tend to minimize the impact on acidity. This review presents the pathophysiology, secondary physiologic response, causes, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and therapeutic principles of respiratory acidosis and respiratory alkalosis.  This review contains 4 figures, 3 tables, and 59 references. Key words: Respiratory acidosis, respiratory alkalosis, primary hypercapnia, primary hypocapnia, hypoxemia, pseudorespiratory alkalosis

scholarly journals Automatic Dehydration Level Detection Devices

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-94
Author(s):  
Diana Dwi Damayanti ◽  
Her Gumiwang Ariswati ◽  
I Dewa Gede Wisana ◽  
Hendra Winarno
Keyword(s):  
Body Fluids ◽  
The Body ◽  
Percentage Error ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Severe Dehydration ◽  
Urine Ph ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
A Value ◽  
Urine Color ◽  
Sensor Module

Dehydration is a condition that occurs when the loss of body fluids exceeds the amount entered in the body so that it can disrupt the balance of minerals in body fluids. Most people do not feel thirsty until finally, they experience a period of severe dehydration, which can cause physical, cognitive, fatigue; if not corrected immediately can cause death. The purpose of this study is to design a dehydration and urine pH detection devices automatically. The contribution of this study is that this device is equipped with urine pH measurement and automatic body fluid calculation. This device is able to detect urine color levels, read urine pH values ​​, and provide information on body fluids needed to treat the patient's condition when detected. The sensors used in this device are color sensor TCS34725, pH meter sensor module SKU-016 and DS18B20 temperature sensor, the calculation of the amount of fluid that must be entered automatically from the patient's body weight input. The programming uses Arduino Nano as the main controller with a 128x64 graphic LCD. From the testing that has been done, it is known that the percentage error in the module is 3.5%, which means that it is still in the tolerance value because the tolerance limit is 5%, for the sensitivity test results get a value of 60% and specificity of 70%. Thus, it shows that the device is feasible and can be implemented as a dehydration detection device that is carried out independently at home.

Respiratory Acidosis and Alkalosis

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Horacio J Adrogué ◽  
Nicolaos E Madias
Keyword(s):  
Carbonic Acid ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Respiratory Acidosis ◽  
Respiratory Alkalosis ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
The Body ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Acid Base Equilibrium ◽  
Therapeutic Principles ◽  
The Impact

Respiratory acid-base disorders are those disturbances in acid-base equilibrium that are expressed by a primary change in CO2 tension (Pco2) and reflect primary changes in the body’s CO2 stores (i.e., carbonic acid). A primary increase in Pco2 (and a primary increase in the body’s CO2 stores) defines respiratory acidosis or primary hypercapnia and is characterized by acidification of the body fluids. By contrast, a primary decrease in Pco2 (and a primary decrease in the body’s CO2 stores) defines respiratory alkalosis or primary hypocapnia and is characterized by alkalinization of the body fluids. Primary changes in Pco2 elicit secondary physiologic changes in plasma [HCO3ˉ] that are directional and proportional to the primary changes and tend to minimize the impact on acidity. This review presents the pathophysiology, secondary physiologic response, causes, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and therapeutic principles of respiratory acidosis and respiratory alkalosis.  This review contains 4 figures, 3 tables, and 59 references. Key words: Respiratory acidosis, respiratory alkalosis, primary hypercapnia, primary hypocapnia, hypoxemia, pseudorespiratory alkalosis

An off-on fluorescent probe for real-time sensing the fluctuations of intracellular pH values in biological processes

2019 ◽  
Vol 170 ◽  
pp. 107620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Jianguo Li ◽  
Bochao Chen ◽  
Jianfei Kan ◽  
Tiantian Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Fluorescent Probe ◽  
Intracellular Ph ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Ph Values

Blood acid-base balance and its regulation

1934 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 452-464
Author(s):  
M. N. Lyubimova
Keyword(s):  
Physical Chemistry ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hydrogen Ions ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
In Cells

Until recently, the acid-alkaline balance of the body was understood to be a balance of the total amount of acids and alkalis introduced into and excreted from our bodies. Colossal advances in the development of physical chemistry at the beginning of this century have changed our ideas fundamentally. First of all, it became quite obvious that the effect of acids and alkalis on cells, on processes going on in cells, depends not on the total amount of acid, but only on the amount of hydrogen ions (H). And in this respect not all acids are the same.

scholarly journals The MicroRNA Spectrum in 12 Body Fluids

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (11) ◽  
pp. 1733-1741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica A Weber ◽  
David H Baxter ◽  
Shile Zhang ◽  
David Y Huang ◽  
Kuo How Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Fluids ◽  
The Body ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Messenger Rnas ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Small Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Extracellular Mirnas ◽  
Potential Use

BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, noncoding RNAs that play an important role in regulating various biological processes through their interaction with cellular messenger RNAs. Extracellular miRNAs in serum, plasma, saliva, and urine have recently been shown to be associated with various pathological conditions including cancer. METHODS With the goal of assessing the distribution of miRNAs and demonstrating the potential use of miRNAs as biomarkers, we examined the presence of miRNAs in 12 human body fluids and urine samples from women in different stages of pregnancy or patients with different urothelial cancers. Using quantitative PCR, we conducted a global survey of the miRNA distribution in these fluids. RESULTS miRNAs were present in all fluids tested and showed distinct compositions in different fluid types. Several of the highly abundant miRNAs in these fluids were common among multiple fluid types, and some of the miRNAs were enriched in specific fluids. We also observed distinct miRNA patterns in the urine samples obtained from individuals with different physiopathological conditions. CONCLUSIONS MicroRNAs are ubiquitous in all the body fluid types tested. Fluid type–specific miRNAs may have functional roles associated with the surrounding tissues. In addition, the changes in miRNA spectra observed in the urine samples from patients with different urothelial conditions demonstrates the potential for using concentrations of specific miRNAs in body fluids as biomarkers for detecting and monitoring various physiopathological conditions.

scholarly journals Acid-base regulation in tadpoles of Rana catesbeiana exposed to environmental hypercapnia.

1997 ◽  
Vol 200 (19) ◽  
pp. 2507-2512 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Busk ◽  
E H Larsen ◽  
F B Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Rana Catesbeiana ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
The Body ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Regulatory Response ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Internal Buffer ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Tail Muscle

Tadpoles of Rana catesbeiana were exposed to different levels of environmental hypercapnia. The acid-base regulatory response differed from that in adult amphibians in showing a high degree of pH compensation in the extracellular fluid (65-85%) and complete compensation in the intracellular fluid (tail muscle and liver) within 24 h. Hypercapnia induced a massive transfer of HCO3- equivalents and Ca2+ from the tadpoles to the environment, which lasted some 4-6 h. Bicarbonate accumulated in the body fluids came mainly from internal buffer sources (probably CaCO3 in lime sacs and/or skin deposits). It is suggested that the large bicarbonate efflux from the animal is a consequence of the dissolution of CaCO3 stores and the delayed adjustment of bicarbonate-retaining mechanisms. Re-exposure of tadpoles to hypercapnia after 1-3 weeks of normocapnic recovery only affected transepithelial fluxes of acid-base equivalents marginally, suggesting that mobilisable CaCO3 stores were depleted during the first exposure to hypercapnia and that they were not refilled. The CaCO3 stores may normally be mobilised during the slowly developing internal hypercapnia that occurs during metamorphosis.

Synthesis, Characterization and Thermal studies of Novel Organomercury Driven from Sulfa Drugs Part 1

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 1338-1347
Author(s):  
Tarek Ali Fahad ◽  
Shaker.A.N. AL-Jadaan
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Thermal Behavior ◽  
1H Nmr ◽  
Elemental Analysis ◽  
Thermal Studies ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Sulfa Drugs ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Multi Stage

Two new heterocyclic Organmercury compounds   were prepared from the reaction of Sulfamethaxazole and Sulfadiazine with 4-acetaminophenol as a coupler and separated as solids with characteristic colors. these compounds were characterized by F.T.IR-spectroscopy 1H-NMR , Micro-elemental Analysis and UV-Vis spectroscopic techniques . The work involves a study of acid – base properties compounds at different pH values, the ionization and protonation constants were calculated. The thermal behavior of these two compounds   were investigated on the basis of thermogravimetric (TGA) and differential thermogravimetric (DTG) analyses, Thermal decomposition of these compounds is multi-stage processes.

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