scholarly journals Response of biopolymer networks governed by the physical properties of cross-linking molecules

Soft Matter ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2537-2541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Wei ◽  
Qian Zhu ◽  
Jin Qian ◽  
Yuan Lin ◽  
V. B. Shenoy
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Cross Linking

Effect of Plasticizer and Cross-Linking Agent on the Physical Properties of Protein Films

2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myoung-Suk Lee ◽  
Se-Hee Lee ◽  
Yu-Hyun Ma ◽  
Sang-Kyu Park ◽  
Dong-Ho Bae ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Protein Films

scholarly journals Reserch on cross-linking densities and fundamental physical properties of rubber.

1993 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideo NAKAUCHI ◽  
Sakae INOUE ◽  
Kazuo NAITO
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Fundamental Physical

Effect of Oxygen Concentration on Aging of Rubber Vulcanizates. II. Effect of Partial Pressure of Oxygen on Changes in Physical Properties Accompanying Oxidation

1953 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 643-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Reid Shelton ◽  
William L. Cox
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Oxygen Concentration ◽  
Chain Scission ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Partial Pressure Of Oxygen ◽  
Aging Behavior ◽  
Storage Temperatures ◽  
Normal Storage ◽  
Oxygen Concentrations

Abstract The over-all rate of deterioration of physical properties increases with the oxygen concentration, as would be expected from the increased rate of oxygen absorption: The nature of the deterioration resulting from a given amount of oxygen absorbed is influenced also by changes in the partial pressure of oxygen in the aging atmosphere. It appears that chain scission is favored at higher oxygen concentrations, while cross-linking becomes of greater relative importance at lower oxygen concentrations. These data suggest that R⋅ radicals are more effective than RO2⋅ radicals in reacting with double bonds to form crosslinks. Heat aging in the absence of oxygen, as observed by heating a vulcanizate in lamp-grade nitrogen, results in considerable stiffening, particularly in the case of a GR-S black stock. This effect is observed primarily in the first few hours of heating, and may account for some of the erratic behavior observed in the early stages of aging when changes in physical properties are compared on the basis of amount of oxygen absorbed. Higher oxygen concentration brings about a more rapid oxidation, and also results in a higher proportion of chain scission compared to cross-linking for a given amount of oxygen absorbed. As tensile decay is the most evident sign of deterioration of Hevea stocks, it follows that the aging behavior of natural rubber in air at normal storage temperatures will be better than that predicted by high temperature testing in oxygen. In the case of GR-S stocks, on the other hand, oxidative hardening is the most serious result of aging, and consequently, the aging behavior of GR-S stocks in air at normal storage temperatures is poorer than would be expected on the basis of comparative tests in oxygen at higher temperatures.

The Distribution of Combined Sulfur in Vulcanized Rubber and Its Bearing on the Sulfide Linkage Theory of Vulcanization

1939 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-199
Author(s):  
I. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Direct Relation ◽  
Vulcanized Rubber ◽  
Free Sulfur

Abstract No direct evidence exists to support the sulfide linkage theory of vulcanization, which assumes that cross-linking of the molecules with sulfur would retain the elasticity and decrease the plasticity of the rubber. The following facts do not favor the sulfide linkage theory of vulcanization : (1) Vulcanized rubber can be peptized under conditions which do not appear to rupture a sulfide linkage. (2) No direct relation exists between the physical properties of vulcanized rubber and the amount of combined sulfur. (3) No direct relation exists between the ease of peptization and the physical properties of the vulcanizate. (4) Combined sulfur appears to assist the solvation of rubber. Rubber vulcanized with thiuram disulfides in the absence of free sulfur has poor physical properties but peptizes with difficulty. An increase in combined sulfur without a corresponding improvement in physical properties assists solvation. (5) Rubber having the best physical properties is also the most heterogeneous with respect to sulfur. The sulfide linkage theory would suggest that an even distribution of sulfur would produce the best physical properties. (6) Fractions of peptized vulcanizates, on evaporation of their solutions, leave insoluble vulcanized films, which shows that linkage by means of primary forces is unnecessary for producing the vulcanized condition.

Improvement on Physical Properties of Pullulan Films by Novel Cross-Linking Strategy

2016 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chieh-Ting Chen ◽  
Kuan-I Chen ◽  
Hsin-Han Chiang ◽  
Yu-Kuo Chen ◽  
Kuan-Chen Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Cross Linking

scholarly journals Influence of partial cross-linking degree on basic physical properties of RTM6 epoxy resin

2013 ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Moosburger-Will ◽  
Michael Greisel ◽  
Markus G. R. Sause ◽  
Robert Horny ◽  
Siegfried Horn
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Cross Linking

Effect of Cross-Linking with Calcium Ions on the Physical Properties of Alginate Films

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 3193-3197 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Russo ◽  
M. Malinconico ◽  
G. Santagata
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Calcium Ions ◽  
Cross Linking
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