On the prevalence of alternative conceptions on acid–base chemistry among secondary students: insights from cognitive and confidence measures

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Yee Hoe ◽  
R. Subramaniam
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Students ◽  
Educational Psychology ◽  
Alternative Conceptions ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Education Literature ◽  
Acids And Bases ◽  
Psychology Literature ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
Ph Neutralization ◽  
Do So

This study presents an analysis of alternative conceptions (ACs) on acid–base chemistry harbored by grade 9 students in Singapore. The ACs were obtained by the development and validation of a 4-tier diagnostic instrument. It is among the very few studies in the science education literature that have focused on examining results based also on measures used in the educational psychology literature. The results indicate that the students harbor a range of ACs of varying strengths in relation to the properties of acids and bases, strengths of acids and bases, pH, neutralization, indicators, and sub-microscopic views of acids and bases. The 25-item instrument uncovered 30 ACs. A novel insight from this study is that when students are presented with a test item with all incorrect answer and reason responses but with a blank space for them to fill up their own answer and reason if they disagree with any of these responses, hardly any chose to do so. ACs were also identified from this question. Overall, the results reiterate the utility of the 4-tier format for identifying ACs and getting some indication of their strengths.

Using a multi-tier diagnostic test to explore the nature of students’ alternative conceptions on reaction kinetics

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaw Kai Yan ◽  
R. Subramaniam
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Kinetics ◽  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Educational Psychology ◽  
Alternative Conceptions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Diagnostic Instrument ◽  
Main Study ◽  
Interesting Point ◽  
Psychology Literature

This study focused on grade 12 students’ understanding of reaction kinetics. A 4-tier diagnostic instrument was developed for this purpose and administered to 137 students in the main study. Findings showed that reaction kinetics is a difficult topic for these students, with a total of 25 alternative conceptions (ACs) being uncovered. Except for one AC, the other ACs uncovered have not been reported before in the literature. An interesting point emerging from this study is that nearly 70% of the ACs were obtained from questions that featured graphs. Overall, the 4-tier format for the diagnostic instrument demonstrates good utility for probing students’ understanding of reaction kinetics as well as uncovering their ACs. The confidence-related measures, which are more commonly used in the educational psychology literature, have also permitted further insights to be gained into how the students performed in the test as well as the classification of the ACs.

scholarly journals Complexation of 2,6-helic[6]arene and its derivatives with 1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium salts and protonated 4,4'-bipyridinium salts: an acid–base controllable complexation

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 1795-1804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Li ◽  
Qiang Shi ◽  
Ying Han ◽  
Chuan-Feng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Association Constants ◽  
The Other ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Polar Solvents ◽  
X Ray ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Hydrogen Bonding Interactions ◽  
Acids And Bases ◽  
Multiple Hydrogen Bonding ◽  
Nmr Titrations

2,6-Helic[6]arene and its derivatives were synthesized, and their complexation with 1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium and protonated 4,4'-bipyridinium salts were investigated in detail. It was found that the helic[6]arene and its derivatives could all form 1:1 complexes with both 1,1′-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium salts and protonated 4,4'-bipyridinium salts in solution and in the solid state. Especially, the helic[6]arene and its derivatives containing 2-hydroxyethoxy or 2-methoxyethoxy groups exhibited stronger complexation with the guests than the other helic[6]arene derivatives for the additional multiple hydrogen bonding interactions between the hosts and the guests, which were evidenced by 1H NMR titrations, X-ray crystal structures and DFT calculations. Moreover, it was also found that the association constants (K a) of the complexes could be significantly enhanced with larger counteranions of the guests and in less polar solvents. Furthermore, the switchable complexation between the helic[6]arene and protonated 4,4'-bipyridinium salt could be efficiently controlled by acids and bases.

scholarly journals Extraction of Acids and Bases from Aqueous Phase to a Pseudoprotic Ionic Liquid

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolas Patsos ◽  
Karin Lewis ◽  
Francesco Picchioni ◽  
Mark Kobrak
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Aqueous Phase ◽  
Octanoic Acid ◽  
Organic Layer ◽  
Current Interest ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Copper Salts ◽  
Hofmeister Effect ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Acids And Bases

We report experiments on the extraction of acids and bases from an aqueous phase to a pseudoprotic ionic liquid phase consisting of an equimolar mixture of trihexylamine and octanoic acid. We observed the extraction of a wide range of acids and bases, and investigated the mechanism of extraction in detail. Our results confirmed the observation of the Hofmeister effect in these systems reported in our previous work, where the extent of the extraction of copper salts was significantly influenced by the interactions between extracted inorganic anions and the organic phase. Our results further demonstrated that the organic layer served as a “floating buffer” capable of stabilizing the pH of an acidic or alkaline aqueous phase. The results tie current interest in protic and pseudoprotic ionic liquids to earlier work on the extraction of acids using amine and acid–base couples as extraction agents in an inert organic solvent.

scholarly journals An Exploration of Secondary Students’ Mental States When Learning About Acids and Bases

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia-Ju Liu ◽  
I-Lin Hou ◽  
Houn-Lin Chiu ◽  
David F. Treagust
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Students ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Acids And Bases

scholarly journals Canonical pedagogical content knowledge by CoRes for teaching acid–base chemistry at high school

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 603-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara Alvarado ◽  
Florentina Cañada ◽  
Andoni Garritz ◽  
Vicente Mellado
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Pedagogical Content Knowledge ◽  
Content Knowledge ◽  
Alternative Conceptions ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Pedagogical Content ◽  
Knowledge And Beliefs ◽  
Content Representation ◽  
Teaching Learning ◽  
Central Purpose

The topic of acid–base chemistry is one of the oldest in general chemistry courses and it has been almost continuously in academic discussion. The central purpose of documenting the knowledge and beliefs of a group of ten Mexican teachers with experience in teaching acid–base chemistry in high school was to know how they design, prepare and organize their classes inside and outside the classroom, from which a set of teaching–learning sequences will be developed, essentially to train new teachers. We decided to document Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK), by means of two methodological tools from Loughran, Mulhall and Berry: Content Representation (CoRe), and Pedagogical and Professional experience Repertoire (PaP-eR). In this article, we relate only the first of these tools. It was also important to document concepts, skills and attitudes, so we have made the analysis based on these three items. The main finding was to construct a Canonical PCK including the central concepts of pH and strength in the topic of acid–base chemistry from the main phrases included in the Content Representation answered by those outstanding Mexican teachers. We chose the topic of “acid–base chemistry” because there are numerous examples of its importance related to sustainability (among them acid rain or acidification of oceans), everyday issues (including stomach acidity, antacids, health troubles with the pH of blood and urine), or problems with the longevity of books related to the acidity of paper. Also, it is of fundamental importance because the students often present many alternative conceptions about it.

Thai Grade 11 students’ alternative conceptions for acid–base chemistry

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romklao Artdej ◽  
Thasaneeya Ratanaroutai ◽  
Richard Kevin Coll ◽  
Tienthong Thongpanchang
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Conceptions ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Grade 11
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