Selectivity engineering of the diazotization reaction in a continuous flow reactor

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Shukla ◽  
A. A. Kulkarni ◽  
V. V. Ranade
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Diazonium Salts ◽  
Fine Chemicals ◽  
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽  
Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽  
Continuous Flow Reactor

In situ generated diazonium salts are useful intermediates for the synthesis of fine chemicals and active pharmaceutical ingredients. This paper presents a methodology for selectivity engineering of the diazotization reaction in continuous reactors.

scholarly journals Acrylamide precipitation polymerization in a continuous flow reactor: an in situ FTIR study reveals kinetics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascal Fandrich ◽  
Lars Wiehemeier ◽  
Maxim Dirksen ◽  
Oliver Wrede ◽  
Tilman Kottke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Monomer Conversion ◽  
Precipitation Polymerization ◽  
Correlation Spectroscopy ◽  
In Situ Monitoring ◽  
In Situ Ftir ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
Continuous Flow Reactor

AbstractIn this work, we present a combination of a continuous flow reactor with in situ monitoring of the monomer conversion in a precipitation polymerization. The flow reactor is equipped with a preheating area for the synthesis of thermoresponsive microgels, based on N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM). The reaction progress is monitored with in situ FTIR spectroscopy. The monomer conversion at defined residence times is determined from absorbance spectra of the reaction solutions by linear combination with reference spectra of the stock solution and the purified microgel. The reconstruction of the spectra appears to be in good agreement with experimental data in the range of 1710 to 1530 cm− 1, in which prominent absorption bands are used as probes for the monomer and the polymer. With increasing residence time, we observed a decrease in intensity of the ν(C=C) vibration, originating from the monomer, while the ν(C=O) vibration is shifted to higher frequencies by polymerization. Differences between the determined inline conversion kinetics and offline growth kinetics, determined by photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS), are discussed in terms of diffusion and point to a crucial role of mixing in precipitation polymerizations.

scholarly journals Effect of Water and Glycerol in Deoxygenation of Coconut Oil over Bimetallic NiCo/SAPO-11 Nanocatalyst under N2 Atmosphere

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2548
Author(s):  
Rungnapa Kaewmeesri ◽  
Jeeranan Nonkumwong ◽  
Thongthai Witoon ◽  
Navadol Laosiripojana ◽  
Kajornsak Faungnawakij
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Hydrocarbon Fuel ◽  
Product Distribution ◽  
Glycerol Solution ◽  
Fuel Production ◽  
Continuous Flow Reactor ◽  
N2 Atmosphere

The catalytic deoxygenation of coconut oil was performed in a continuous-flow reactor over bimetallic NiCo/silicoaluminophosphate-11 (SAPO-11) nanocatalysts for hydrocarbon fuel production. The conversion and product distribution were investigated over NiCo/SAPO-11 with different applied co-reactants, i.e., water (H2O) or glycerol solution, performed under nitrogen (N2) atmosphere. The hydrogen-containing co-reactants were proposed here as in-situ hydrogen sources for the deoxygenation, while the reaction tests under hydrogen (H2) atmosphere were also applied as a reference set of experiments. The results showed that applying co-reactants to the reaction enhanced the oil conversion as the following order: N2 (no co-reactant) < N2 (H2O) < N2 (aqueous glycerol) < H2 (reference). The main products formed under the existence of H2O or glycerol solution were free fatty acids (FFAs) and their corresponding Cn−1 alkanes. The addition of H2O aids the triglyceride breakdown into FFAs, whereas the glycerol acts as hydrogen donor which is favourable to initiate hydrogenolysis of triglycerides, causing higher amount of FFAs than the former case. Consequently, those FFAs can be deoxygenated via decarbonylation/decarboxylation to their corresponding Cn−1 alkanes, showing the promising capability of the NiCo/SAPO-11 to produce hydrocarbon fuels even in the absence of external H2 source.

scholarly journals Self-immobilized Pd nanowires as an excellent platform for a continuous flow reactor: efficiency, stability and regeneration

Nanoscale ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (45) ◽  
pp. 21396-21405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lipipuspa Sahoo ◽  
Moumita Rana ◽  
Sanjit Mondal ◽  
Neeru Mittal ◽  
Pronoy Nandi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Precious Metal ◽  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Catalyst Surface ◽  
Catalyst Support ◽  
Regeneration Strategy ◽  
Continuous Flow Reactor ◽  
Pd Nanowires ◽  
Metal Nanowire

The first precious-metal nanowire-based catalytic flow-reactor involving no catalyst-support, maximized catalyst surface, usability across different filtration platforms, and its in situ regeneration strategy are presented.

Renewable Energy from Agricultural Waste

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 1363-1366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefania Daniela Bran ◽  
Petre Chipurici ◽  
Mariana Bran ◽  
Alexandru Vlaicu
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Continuous Flow Reactor ◽  
Natural Support ◽  
Co2 Flow

This paper has aimed at evaluating the concentration of bioethanol obtained using sunflower stem as natural support, molasses as carbon source and Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast in a continuous flow reactor. The natural support was tested to investigate the immobilization/growth of S. cerevisiae yeast. The concentration of bioethanol produced by fermentation was analyzed by gas chromatography using two methods: aqueous solutions and extraction in organic phase. The CO2 flow obtained during the fermentation process was considered to estimate when the yeast was deactivated. The laboratory experiments have highlighted that the use of plant-based wastes to bioconversion in ethanol could be a non-pollutant and sustainable alternative.

Thermocatalytic Hydrodeoxygenation and Depolymerization of Waste Lignin to Oxygenates and Biofuels in a Continuous Flow Reactor at Atmospheric Pressure

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (35) ◽  
pp. 13195-13205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swathi Mukundan ◽  
Daria Boffito ◽  
Abhijit Shrotri ◽  
Luqman Atanda ◽  
Jorge Beltramini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Continuous Flow Reactor
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