scholarly journals Co-delivery of siRNA and doxorubicin to cancer cells from additively manufactured implants

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (123) ◽  
pp. 101718-101725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muwan Chen ◽  
Morten Ø. Andersen ◽  
Philipp Dillschneider ◽  
Chi-Chih Chang ◽  
Shan Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
Clinical Problem ◽  
Residual Cancer ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
Major Clinical Problem

Tumors in load bearing bones are a major clinical problem as recurrence is common after surgery. Void filling scaffolds that kill residual cancer cells by releasing chemotherapy and siRNA/chitosan nanoparticles may offer a solution to this problem.

Epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of Acinetobacter

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 46-59
Author(s):  
A.G. Salmanov ◽  
O.M. Verner ◽  
L.F. Slepova
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Laboratory Testing ◽  
Immunocompromised Host ◽  
Clinical Problem ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Opportunistic Bacteria ◽  
Acinetobacter Spp ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
Major Clinical Problem

Species of the Acinetobacter represent opportunistic bacteria with a growing clinical significance for Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). In this literature review, we focus on the current role of Acinetobacter in infectious pathology and describe taxonomy, pathogenicity, and antibiotic resistance of these bacteria. Pathogenesis and regulation of virulence factors in Acinetobacter spp. are described in detail. The majority of acinetobacterial infections are associated with A. baumannii and occur predominantly in an immunocompromised host. Usually, acinetobacterial  infections  are characterized by local purulent inflammation; in severe cases, meningitis and sepsis may develop. Antibiotic resistance of Acinetobacter is a major clinical problem; therefore we give special attention to laboratory testing of resistance to antibiotics as well as identification of Acinetobacter.

The Pre-dilatation of vessels: A simple method to recruit small caliber veins for creating distal fistulas

2021 ◽  
pp. 112972982098317
Author(s):  
Marcello Napoli ◽  
Anna Zito ◽  
Maria Luisa Lefons ◽  
Paolo Ria ◽  
Emiliana Ferramosca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Arteriovenous Fistula ◽  
Clinical Problem ◽  
Early Failure ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Maturation Rate ◽  
Vein Diameter ◽  
Major Clinical Problem

Maturation failure remains a major clinical problem of distal arteriovenous fistula (AVF). Early failure (EF) is associated with the small size of the veins. For about 10 years we have used in more than 1000 fistulas, the Vessels Pre-Dilatation (VPD) to increase the recruitment of small veins for creating distal AVFs. The purpose of this study is to highlight if the VPD can reduce the incidence of EF or failure to mature (FTM) in AVFs created with small veins. Data of all the consecutive patients directly admitted to our Department for their first distal AVF from January to December 2019 were collected. The patients were divided in two groups, one with a vein diameter after the tourniquet ⩽2.0 mm (G1) and one >2 mm (G2). Both in G1 then in G2 the vessels had undergone VPD. Immediate failure (IF), EF, FTM, delayed or arrested maturation rate (DAM), unassisted AVFs and matured AFVs were evaluated. The patients recruited totalled 104, 37 in G1, and 67 in G2. The two groups were homogeneous in age, incidence of diabetes, obesity, heart disease, peripheral vasculopathy, and race. Female were more numerous in G1 (51% vs 12%, p < 0.001). In G1 and G2 occurred respectively 3 IF versus zero ( p < 0.05), 10 EF (29%) versus 6 (9%) ( p < 0.05), 6 DAM (16%) versus 6 (9%), 21 unassisted AVFs (57%) versus 57 (85%) ( p < 0.01). Dividing the patients into groups of unassisted and assisted AVFs, female and low vein diameter are more represented in the assisted group. There were 32 matured AVFs (86%) in G1 and 65 (97%) in G2. In order to increase the incidence of the distal AVF, the PDV allows to include small veins. However, more patients require further interventions to achieve maturation of the fistula.

scholarly journals Emetine Synergizes with Cisplatin to Enhance Anti-Cancer Efficacy against Lung Cancer Cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (23) ◽  
pp. 5914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ti-Hui Wu ◽  
Shan-Yueh Chang ◽  
Yu-Lueng Shih ◽  
Tsai-Wang Huang ◽  
Hung Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cisplatin Resistance ◽  
Clinical Problem ◽  
Driver Mutations ◽  
Anticancer Efficacy ◽  
Lung Cancers ◽  
Anticancer Effects ◽  
Therapeutic Choice ◽  
Reporter Assays

Cisplatin is still the primary therapeutic choice for advanced lung cancers without driver mutations. The occurrence of cisplatin resistance is a major clinical problem in lung cancer treatment. The natural extracted agent emetine reportedly has anticancer effects. This study aimed to explore the possible role of emetine in cisplatin resistance. We used cell viability, Western blot, and Wnt reporter assays to show that emetine suppresses proliferation, β-catenin expression, and Wnt/β-catenin signaling in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The synergism of emetine and cisplatin was assessed by constructing isobolograms and calculating combination index (CI) values using the Chou-Talalay method. Emetine effectively synergized with cisplatin to suppress the proliferation of cancer cells. Furthermore, nuclear β-catenin and cancer stem cell-related markers were upregulated in the cisplatin-resistant subpopulation of CL1-0 cells. Emetine enhanced the anticancer efficacy of cisplatin and synergized with cisplatin in the cisplatin-resistant subpopulation of CL1-0 cells. Taken together, these data suggest that emetine could suppress the growth of NSCLC cells through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and contribute to a synergistic effect in combination with cisplatin.

scholarly journals HOTTIP-miR-205-ZEB2 Axis Confers Cisplatin Resistance to Ovarian Cancer Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Jie Dong ◽  
Wei Feng ◽  
Yan Li
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cisplatin Resistance ◽  
Clinical Problem ◽  
Ovarian Cancer Cells ◽  
Stem Cell Markers ◽  
Gene Target ◽  
Gynecological Malignancy ◽  
Clonogenic Potential ◽  
Resistant Cells

Ovarian cancer is a deadly gynecological malignancy with resistance to cisplatin a major clinical problem. We evaluated a role of long non-coding (lnc) RNA HOTTIP (HOXA transcript at the distal tip) in the cisplatin resistance of ovarian cancer cells, using paired cisplatin sensitive and resistant A2780 cells along with the SK-OV-3 cells. HOTTIP was significantly elevated in cisplatin resistant cells and its silencing reversed the cisplatin resistance of resistant cells. HOTTIP was found to sponge miR-205 and therefore HOTTIP silenced cells had higher levels of miR-205. Downregulation of miR-205 could attenuate HOTTIP-silencing effects whereas miR-205 upregulation in resistant cells was found to re-sensitize cells to cisplatin. HOTTIP silencing also led to reduced NF-κB activation, clonogenic potential and the reduced expression of stem cell markers SOX2, OCT4, and NANOG, an effect that could be attenuated by miR-205. Finally, ZEB2 was identified as the gene target of miR-205, thus completing the elucidation of HOTTIP-miR-205-ZEB2 as the novel axis which is functionally involved in the determination of cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer cells.

O-Carboxymethyl chitosan nanoparticles for metformin delivery to pancreatic cancer cells

2012 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 1003-1007 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.S. Snima ◽  
R. Jayakumar ◽  
A.G. Unnikrishnan ◽  
Shantikumar. V. Nair ◽  
Vinoth-Kumar Lakshmanan
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
Carboxymethyl Chitosan ◽  
Pancreatic Cancer Cells

Noradrenergic and serotonergic modulation to treat vasomotor symptoms

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Albertazzi
Keyword(s):  
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ◽  
Clinical Problem ◽  
Hot Flushes ◽  
Estrogen Replacement ◽  
Climacteric Symptoms ◽  
Limited Efficacy ◽  
Noradrenaline Reuptake ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Major Clinical Problem ◽  
Serotonergic Modulation

Hot flushes are a major clinical problem for many menopausal women. Their aetiology is unknown. Centrally acting neurotransmitters are involved, but this involvement is yet to be fully characterized. In clinical trials with optimal patient selection and compliance, estrogen can reduce the frequency of hot flushes by 70–80%, and placebo by 20–40%. For some women, however, there are contraindications to the use of estrogen, and others are unwilling to use it. Furthermore, hot flushes may persist in spite of adequate estrogen replacement, and to improve symptoms physicians then have either to add another drug to the regimen or find an alternative to estrogen. The most commonly used non-hormonal alternatives for climacteric symptoms are neurotransmitter modulators such as the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. These reduce the frequency of hot flushes by 60%. The mechanism of this effect appears to differ from that underlying their effect on mood. They are generally well tolerated and rates of adverse events are far lower than those reported in studies of the use of these agents for depression. The limited efficacy of clonidine suggests that adrenergic mechanisms may be involved and data are awaited for more specific selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors. Thus, non-hormonal treatments are not as effective as estrogens in relieving hot flushes but may have a place as an alternative.

scholarly journals Chitosan nanoparticles triggered the induction of ROS-mediated cytoprotective autophagy in cancer cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (sup1) ◽  
pp. 293-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Wang ◽  
Xiwei Yu ◽  
Chang Su ◽  
Yijie Shi ◽  
Liang Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document