Thermoplastic building blocks for the fabrication of microfluidic masters

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (119) ◽  
pp. 97934-97943 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Stoller ◽  
Abhiteja Konda ◽  
Matthew A. Kottwitz ◽  
Stephen A. Morin
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Prototyping ◽  
Building Block ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Microfluidic Systems ◽  
Block Based

This manuscript reports a building-block-based approach for the design and fabrication of masters that enables “ultra-rapid” prototyping of functional microfluidic systems.

Conceptual designs of multi-degree of freedom compliant parallel manipulators composed of wire-beam based compliant mechanisms

2014 ◽  
Vol 229 (3) ◽  
pp. 538-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangbo Hao ◽  
Haiyang Li
Keyword(s):  
Rigid Body ◽  
Building Block ◽  
Compliant Mechanisms ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Parallel Manipulators ◽  
Parallel Mechanisms ◽  
Type Synthesis ◽  
Conceptual Designs ◽  
Rigid Body Model ◽  
Block Based

This paper proposes conceptual designs of multi-degree(s) of freedom (DOF) compliant parallel manipulators (CPMs) including 3-DOF translational CPMs and 6-DOF CPMs using a building block based pseudo-rigid-body-model (PRBM) approach. The proposed multi-DOF CPMs are composed of wire-beam based compliant mechanisms (WBBCMs) as distributed-compliance compliant building blocks (CBBs). Firstly, a comprehensive literature review for the design approaches of compliant mechanisms is conducted, and a building block based PRBM is then presented, which replaces the traditional kinematic sub-chain with an appropriate multi-DOF CBB. In order to obtain the decoupled 3-DOF translational CPMs (XYZ CPMs), two classes of kinematically decoupled 3-PPPR (P: prismatic joint, R: revolute joint) translational parallel mechanisms (TPMs) and 3-PPPRR TPMs are identified based on the type synthesis of rigid-body parallel mechanisms, and WBBCMs as the associated CBBs are further designed. Via replacing the traditional actuated P joint and the traditional passive PPR/PPRR sub-chain in each leg of the 3-DOF TPM with the counterpart CBBs (i.e. WBBCMs), a number of decoupled XYZ CPMs are obtained by appropriate arrangements. In order to obtain the decoupled 6-DOF CPMs, an orthogonally-arranged decoupled 6-PSS (S: spherical joint) parallel mechanism is first identified, and then two example 6-DOF CPMs are proposed by the building block based PRBM method. It is shown that, among these designs, two types of monolithic XYZ CPM designs with extended life have been presented.

Building Block Based Topology Synthesis Algorithm to Optimize the Natural Frequency in Large Stroke Flexure Mechanisms

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathijs E. Fix ◽  
Dannis M. Brouwer ◽  
Ronald G. K. M. Aarts
Keyword(s):  
Natural Frequency ◽  
Building Block ◽  
Strain Energy ◽  
Natural Frequencies ◽  
Compliant Mechanisms ◽  
Large Range ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Synthesis Algorithm ◽  
Block Based ◽  
High Support

Abstract Flexure based compliant mechanisms suited for a large range of motion can be designed by handling the challenges arising from combining low compliance in the desired directions, high support stiffness, low stresses and high unwanted natural frequencies. Current topology optimization tools typically can’t model large deflections of flexures, are too conceptual or are case specific. In this research, a new spatial topological synthesis algorithm based on building blocks is proposed to optimize the performance of an initial design. The algorithm consists of successive shape optimizations and layout syntheses. In each shape optimization the dimensions for some layout are optimized. The layout synthesis strategically replaces the most “critical” building block with a better option. To maximize the first unwanted natural frequency the replacement strategy depends the strain energy distribution of the accompanying mode shape. The algorithm is tested for the design of a 1-DOF flexure hinge. The obtained final layout agrees with results known from literature.

scholarly journals Building block method: a bottom-up modular synthesis methodology for distributed compliant mechanisms

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Krishnan ◽  
C. Kim ◽  
S. Kota
Keyword(s):  
Building Block ◽  
Compliant Mechanisms ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Load Flow ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
Geometric Representation ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Block Based ◽  
Synthesis Methodology ◽  
Automated Optimization

Abstract. Synthesizing topologies of compliant mechanisms are based on rigid-link kinematic designs or completely automated optimization techniques. These designs yield mechanisms that match the kinematic specifications as a whole, but seldom yield user insight on how each constituent member contributes towards the overall mechanism performance. This paper reviews recent developments in building block based design of compliant mechanisms. A key aspect of such a methodology is formulating a representation of compliance at a (i) single unique point of interest in terms of geometric quantities such as ellipses and vectors, and (ii) relative compliance between distinct input(s) and output(s) in terms of load flow. This geometric representation provides a direct mapping between the mechanism geometry and their behavior, and is used to characterize simple deformable members that form a library of building blocks. The design space spanned by the building block library guides the decomposition of a given problem specification into tractable sub-problems that can be each solved from an entry in the library. The effectiveness of this geometric representation aids user insight in design, and enables discovery of trends and guidelines to obtain practical conceptual designs.

Building Block-Based Spatial Topology Synthesis Method for Large-Stroke Flexure Hinges

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Naves ◽  
D. M. Brouwer ◽  
R. G. K. M. Aarts
Keyword(s):  
Shape Optimization ◽  
Building Block ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Solution Space ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Mode Shapes ◽  
Flexure Hinges ◽  
Spatial Topology ◽  
Block Based

Large-stroke flexure mechanisms inherently lose stiffness in supporting directions when deflected. A systematic approach to synthesize such hinges is currently lacking. In this paper, a new building block-based spatial topology synthesis method is presented for optimizing large-stroke flexure hinges. This method consists of a layout variation strategy based on a building block approach combined with a shape optimization to obtain the optimal design tuned for a specific application. A derivative-free shape optimization method is adapted to include multiple system boundaries and constraints to optimize high complexity flexure mechanisms in a broad solution space. To obtain the optimal layout, three predefined three-dimensional (3D) “building blocks” are proposed, which are consecutively combined to find the best layout with respect to specific design criteria. More specifically, this new method is used to optimize a flexure hinge aimed at maximizing the frequency of the first unwanted vibration mode. The optimized topology shows an increase in frequency of a factor ten with respect to the customary three flexure cross hinge (TFCH), which represents a huge improvement in performance. The numerically predicted natural frequencies and mode shapes have been verified experimentally.

scholarly journals Building Block-Based Synthesis and Intensification of Work-Heat Exchanger Networks (WHENS)

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianping Li ◽  
Salih Emre Demirel ◽  
M. M. Faruque Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Building Block ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Total Annual Cost ◽  
Heat Integration ◽  
Design Element ◽  
Heat Exchanger Networks ◽  
Block Based ◽  
Energy Chain

We provide a new method to represent all potential flowsheet configurations for the superstructure-based simultaneous synthesis of work and heat exchanger networks (WHENS). The new representation is based on only two fundamental elements of abstract building blocks. The first design element is the block interior that is used to represent splitting, mixing, utility cooling, and utility heating of individual streams. The second design element is the shared boundaries between adjacent blocks that permit inter-stream heat and work transfer and integration. A semi-restricted boundary represents expansion/compression of streams connected to either common (integrated) or dedicated (utility) shafts. A completely restricted boundary with a temperature gradient across it represents inter-stream heat integration. The blocks interact with each other via mass and energy flows through the boundaries when assembled in a two-dimensional grid-like superstructure. Through observation and examples from literature, we illustrate that our building block-based WHENS superstructure contains numerous candidate flowsheet configurations for simultaneous heat and work integration. This approach does not require the specification of work and heat integration stages. Intensified designs, such as multi-stream heat exchangers with varying pressures, are also included. We formulate a mixed-integer non-linear (MINLP) optimization model for WHENS with minimum total annual cost and demonstrate the capability of the proposed synthesis approach through a case study on liquefied energy chain. The concept of building blocks is found to be general enough to be used in possible discovery of non-intuitive process flowsheets involving heat and work exchangers.

Thienopyrrolocarbazoles: New Building Blocks for Functional Organic Materials

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorian Bader ◽  
Johannes Fröhlich ◽  
Paul Kautny
Keyword(s):  
Building Block ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Molecular Properties ◽  
The Family ◽  
Facile Preparation

The facile preparation of three regioisomeric thienopyrrolocarbazoles applying a convenient C-H activation approach is presented. Derived from indolo[3,2,1-<i>jk</i>]carbazole, the incorporation of thiophene into the triarylamine framework significantly impacted the molecular properties of the parent scaffold. The developed thienopyrrolocarbazoles enrich the family of triarylamine donors and constitute a novel building block for functional organic materials.

Thienopyrrolocarbazoles: New Building Blocks for Functional Organic Materials

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorian Bader ◽  
Johannes Fröhlich ◽  
Paul Kautny
Keyword(s):  
Building Block ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Molecular Properties ◽  
The Family ◽  
Facile Preparation

The facile preparation of three regioisomeric thienopyrrolocarbazoles applying a convenient C-H activation approach is presented. Derived from indolo[3,2,1-<i>jk</i>]carbazole, the incorporation of thiophene into the triarylamine framework significantly impacted the molecular properties of the parent scaffold. The developed thienopyrrolocarbazoles enrich the family of triarylamine donors and constitute a novel building block for functional organic materials.

scholarly journals PyroMEMS as Future Technological Building Blocks for Advanced Microenergetic Systems

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 118
Author(s):  
Jean-Laurent Pouchairet ◽  
Carole Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Building Block ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Technological Evolution ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
Function Block ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Safety And Reliability ◽  
Electronically Controllable

For the past two decades, many research groups have investigated new methods for reducing the size and cost of safe and arm-fire systems, while also improving their safety and reliability, through batch processing. Simultaneously, micro- and nanotechnology advancements regarding nanothermite materials have enabled the production of a key technological building block: pyrotechnical microsystems (pyroMEMS). This building block simply consists of microscale electric initiators with a thin thermite layer as the ignition charge. This microscale to millimeter-scale addressable pyroMEMS enables the integration of intelligence into centimeter-scale pyrotechnical systems. To illustrate this technological evolution, we hereby present the development of a smart infrared (IR) electronically controllable flare consisting of three distinct components: (1) a controllable pyrotechnical ejection block comprising three independently addressable small-scale propellers, all integrated into a one-piece molded and interconnected device, (2) a terminal function block comprising a structured IR pyrotechnical loaf coupled with a microinitiation stage integrating low-energy addressable pyroMEMS, and (3) a connected, autonomous, STANAG 4187 compliant, electronic sensor arming and firing block.

scholarly journals A SYSTEMATIC COLLECTION OF NATURAL INTERACTIONS FOR IMMERSIVE MODELING FROM BUILDING BLOCKS

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 283-292
Author(s):  
Jakob Harlan ◽  
Benjamin Schleich ◽  
Sandro Wartzack
Keyword(s):  
User Interfaces ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Hand Tracking ◽  
Spatial Concepts ◽  
Natural User Interfaces ◽  
Modeling Systems ◽  
Block Based ◽  
Natural Interactions ◽  
Tracking Technology ◽  
Systematic Collection

AbstractThe increased availability of affordable virtual reality hardware in the last years boosted research and development of such systems for many fields of application. While extended reality systems are well established for visualization of product data, immersive authoring tools that can create and modify that data are yet to see widespread productive use. Making use of building blocks, we see the possibility that such tools allow quick expression of spatial concepts, even for non-expert users. Optical hand-tracking technology allows the implementation of this immersive modeling using natural user interfaces. Here the users manipulated the virtual objects with their bare hands. In this work, we present a systematic collection of natural interactions suited for immersive building-block-based modeling systems. The interactions are conceptually described and categorized by the task they fulfil.

scholarly journals Lipase Catalyzed Synthesis of Enantiopure Precursors and Derivatives for β-Blockers Practolol, Pindolol and Carteolol

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 503
Author(s):  
Morten Gundersen ◽  
Guro Austli ◽  
Sigrid Løvland ◽  
Mari Hansen ◽  
Mari Rødseth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Building Block ◽  
Kinetic Resolution ◽  
Enantiomeric Excess ◽  
Catalytic Amount ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Β Blocker ◽  
Β Blockers ◽  
Optical Rotations ◽  
Reported Data ◽  
By Products

Sustainable methods for producing enantiopure drugs have been developed. Chlorohydrins as building blocks for several β-blockers have been synthesized in high enantiomeric purity by chemo-enzymatic methods. The yield of the chlorohydrins increased by the use of catalytic amount of base. The reason for this was found to be the reduced formation of the dimeric by-products compared to the use of higher concentration of the base. An overall reduction of reagents and reaction time was also obtained compared to our previously reported data of similar compounds. The enantiomers of the chlorohydrin building blocks were obtained by kinetic resolution of the racemate in transesterification reactions catalyzed by Candida antarctica Lipase B (CALB). Optical rotations confirmed the absolute configuration of the enantiopure drugs. The β-blocker (S)-practolol ((S)-N-(4-(2-hydroxy-3-(isopropylamino)propoxy)phenyl)acetamide) was synthesized with 96% enantiomeric excess (ee) from the chlorohydrin (R)-N-(4-(3-chloro-2 hydroxypropoxy)phenyl)acetamide, which was produced in 97% ee and with 27% yield. Racemic building block 1-((1H-indol-4-yl)oxy)-3-chloropropan-2-ol for the β-blocker pindolol was produced in 53% yield and (R)-1-((1H-indol-4-yl)oxy)-3-chloropropan-2-ol was produced in 92% ee. The chlorohydrin 7-(3-chloro-2-hydroxypropoxy)-3,4-dihydroquinolin-2(1H)-one, a building block for a derivative of carteolol was produced in 77% yield. (R)-7-(3-Chloro-2-hydroxypropoxy)-3,4-dihydroquinolin-2(1H)-one was obtained in 96% ee. The S-enantiomer of this carteolol derivative was produced in 97% ee in 87% yield. Racemic building block 5-(3-chloro-2-hydroxypropoxy)-3,4-dihydroquinolin-2(1H)-one, building block for the drug carteolol, was also produced in 53% yield, with 96% ee of the R-chlorohydrin (R)-5-(3-chloro-2-hydroxypropoxy)-3,4-dihydroquinolin-2(1H)-one. (S)-Carteolol was produced in 96% ee with low yield, which easily can be improved.

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