Catalytic dehydration of d-xylose to furfural over a tantalum-based catalyst in batch and continuous process

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (86) ◽  
pp. 70139-70146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing-Long Li ◽  
Tao Pan ◽  
Jin Deng ◽  
Yao Fu ◽  
Hua-Jian Xu
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Process ◽  
Biphasic System

The conversion of d-xylose to furfural was developed through a batch and continuous process in water–organic biphasic system using TA-p as a catalyst.

scholarly journals 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural from fructose: an efficient continuous process in a water-dimethyl carbonate biphasic system with high yield product recovery

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (16) ◽  
pp. 5402-5413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Sayed ◽  
Niklas Warlin ◽  
Christian Hulteberg ◽  
Ian Munslow ◽  
Stefan Lundmark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dimethyl Carbonate ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Product Recovery ◽  
Biphasic System ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Rapid Process ◽  
System P ◽  
Yield And Purity

A facile, rapid process for 5-HMF production at high yield and purity using a green biphasic system.

To Tell or Not to Tell, That Is the Question

2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 236-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Knut Dalen
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Ethics Education ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Telephone Counseling ◽  
Counseling Service ◽  
Telephone Service

Ethical dilemmas encountered by psychologists have previously been studied in surveys and as formal ethical complaints. No previous publications have been found in which data from an ethics counseling telephone service for psychologists has been analyzed. The present study examines ethical dilemmas, as presented by members of the Norwegian Psychological Association calling the Ethics Telephone Counseling Service (ETCS) from 2001 through 2003. Psychologists seek counseling for a range of ethical dilemmas. Ethical dilemmas concerning confidentiality are those most commonly presented. Dilemmas concerning integrity are also fairly common, whereas dilemmas concerning competence are rarely presented. The study shows virtually no difference in frequency and nature of consultation based on how long a psychologist has been licensed. This study also shows only minor gender differences in the use of the ETCS. Possible implications for ethics education as a continuous process are discussed.

EXPERIENCE OF CREATING AND IMPLEMENTING INFORMATION-MANAGING EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT AT UNIVERSITY AND FEATURES OF ITS ADAPTATION AT LYCEUM

2019 ◽  
pp. 47-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. V. Shevchuk ◽  
A. V. Shpak
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Process ◽  
Educational Environment ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Information Resources ◽  
Improve Quality ◽  
Educational Organizations ◽  
Educational Processes ◽  
Facilitating Conditions ◽  
Oriented Approach

The article describes experience of creating and implementing information-managing educational environment at university. The model of creating information-managing educational environment of university with elements of artificial intelligence and indicative management is described. This environment contributes to improve quality of training and management of educational processes and resources. The stages of creating and implementing information-managing educational environment are considered systemically, as continuous process focused on a consumer. The inhibitory and facilitating conditions for introduction of the model at university are described. To provide subject-oriented approach to the use of information resources of environment, recommended clusters of information subsystems for each category of users are described.Practically implemented scientific and methodological recommendations for subjects of educational process to overcome resistance to innovations introduced in educational organizations are proposed.Features of adaptation of the developed information-managing educational environment for schools are presented.

Vieillir, dit-elle: Nancy Huston's Feminist Trajectory and Writing Female Ageing

2018 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-339
Author(s):  
Kate Averis
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Process ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Feminist Studies ◽  
Process Of Change ◽  
Women’S Experiences ◽  
Existential Crisis ◽  
Women's Experiences ◽  
Gender And Age

This article examines Nancy Huston's writing of female ageing in light of her intellectual and personal trajectory as a feminist thinker. It identifies women's ageing as an integrative and ubiquitous phenomenon in Huston's œuvre, tracing the presence of this thematic and theoretical concern to her very first published works, and outlining its development until her most recent works, before examining a key instance of her fictional treatment of female ageing in Lignes de faille. Drawing on a literary, philosophical and sociological theoretical framework, it argues that Huston furthers feminist approaches to female senescence by inscribing women's experiences of later life not in terms of existential crisis but rather as part of the continuous process of change and transformation inherent to subjective development. The analysis aims to address pressing questions surrounding the intersections of gender and age that are at the forefront of Huston criticism and feminist studies.

Study the Anatomy and Physiology of Body's Urinary System and Fibromyalgia Syndrome (FMS) for the Design an Intelligent Alarm System for Monitoring of FMS

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-81
Author(s):  
Hamidreza Shirzadfar ◽  
Narsis Gordoghli
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
International Association ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Chronic Illnesses ◽  
World Health ◽  
Definitive Treatment ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
Health Organization

In recent years, chronic medical problems have become increasingly prevalent. Chronic ‎illnesses challenge the view of life as a regular and continuous process, a challenge that has ‎important psychological consequences. The long duration of people suffering from these ‎diseases, the long process of treatment and the fact that there is no proper and definitive ‎treatment for most of these diseases and their associated complications have made chronic ‎diseases a detrimental factor in public health. According to the World Health Organization ‎‎(2006), the prevalence of chronic and non-communicable diseases is increasing in all countries, ‎especially developing countries, so that the major challenge for the health system in the present ‎century, is not living people, but better adapted to chronic illnesses and maintaining their ‎mental and social health and well-being Ed's life-threatening chronic physical illness.‎ Chronic pain is a pain that lasts longer than usual, and according to the criteria of the ‎International Association of Pain, this time is defined as at least 3 months to 6 months. Chronic ‎pain is such that not only faced the sick person whit the pressure of the pain but also with many ‎other pressure that affect different parts of her life. Fibromyalgia is one of the most rheumatologic disorders and one of the most resistant chronic ‎pain syndromes. Fibromyalgia is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders in adults ‎and chronic pain is one of the most common complaints in this group of patients.

Evolution, Ayurveda, immunity, and preventive aspects for emerging infectious diseases such as COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 86-93
Author(s):  
Dhirajsingh Sumersingh Rajput
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Physiological Mechanism ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Breathing Exercise ◽  
Theory Of Evolution ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Living Being

Evolution is continuous process of changes in structural and physiological mechanism in living being. Microbes/pathogens can evolve naturally or artificially and become resistant to various medicines. Novel coronavirus is such evolved pathogen of coronavirus group. Enough strong immunity is needed to prevent or survive from COVID-19 pandemic. Ayurveda provides ways for evolving physiological responses to built immunity. Present work is brief attempt to increase insight in this filed.Present review was done based on simple theory of evolution, recent updates regarding prevention of COVID-19, Ayurveda aspect toward infectious diseases and Ayurveda ways towards prevention of infectious diseases with special reference to COVID-19. Person with impaired immunity is more susceptible for COVID-19 and thus immunity is an important preventing factor. Ayurveda Rasayana (rejuvanation) herbs, Yoga exercises, Pranayama (special breathing exercise), daily regimens and personal hygiene guidelines can be helpful strategies in controlling the spread of COVID-19.The preventive aspects of pandemic situations are narrated in Ayurveda with enough details. These ways need to be scientifically explored and refined for precision. As prevention is always better than cure hence Ayurveda ways can be considered for future strategies to avoid pandemics such as COVID-19.  There is great need of research on Ayurveda medicines on COVID-19 like diseases.

Population growth is a big speed breaker at this juncture in India

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 (9) ◽  
pp. 245-257
Author(s):  
Dr. DR Agarwal ◽  
Ms. Bhawna
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Future Generation ◽  
World Population ◽  
Law And Order ◽  
Solid Waste Disposal ◽  
Poverty Eradication ◽  
Conservation Of Natural Resources ◽  
Desired Family Size ◽  
Acute Crisis

After the dawn of independence in 1947, India moved on the path of planned development after launching a series of five years plans with the objective of creating a socialistic pattern of society that is the growth with social justice. In a welfare society, the functions of the govt. increases extensively and intensively. Gone are the days when functions of the govt. were limited to internal law and order and war preparedness (internal and external security). To provide all basic needs of the lowest and disadvantageous section of the society is considered to be duty of the govt. Education, health, power, sanitation, transport, communication, growth through distributive justice, linking of employment process with planned development, balanced regional development, social welfare and social security, clean drinking water, rural development, expansion of production and productive resources, equitable distribution of income and assets, removal of poverty, eradication of illiteracy, reduction in regional disparities, price stability, empowerment of the weaker section of the society, research and development with application of science, improvement in technology and productivity, conservation of natural resources for future generation, continuous process of change for better standard of life, human dignity and values, environmental balances etc. On the other side, India’s population grew at 1.2% a year between 2010 and 2019 marginally higher than global average of 1.1% a year in this period, but more than double china’s 0.5% a year according to UN population fund state of the world’s population 2018, released on 10-04-2019. India’s population growth = Population growth rate of China + Population growth of US = 0.5 + 0.7. Moreover, actual fertility rate children per women is 2.1 against the desired family size of 1.8. India has over 18% of the world population but just 4% of its fresh water resources. This is going to create a big demand for all kinds of commodities. The propensity to generate waste is increasing (waste is associated with food such as milk packets and water bottles piling up and solid waste disposal is acute crisis in big cities). All efforts of growth of G D P may go futile, if population growth remains unchecked. This paper highlights the consequences.

Simulation of continuous random process according to the specified sequence of extremes

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (7) ◽  
pp. 65-71
Author(s):  
I. V. Gadolina ◽  
R. I. Zainetdinov ◽  
T. P. Gryzlova ◽  
I. M. Petrova
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Density ◽  
Random Process ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Continuous Processes ◽  
Regression Formula ◽  
Bending Stresses ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
Irregular Loading ◽  
Cosine Functions ◽  
Maximum Minimum

A method has been developed for converting a discrete sequence of extrema into a continuous process. The relevancy of the problem is attributed to the necessity of an approximate estimation of spectral density in in testing materials and structures under random (irregular) loading. A great bulk of available experimental data thus can be used in development and validation of calculation methods for assessing durability in the multi-cycle region. Postulating the continuity of random stress processes and their first derivative we propose to connect piecewise the available starting points (namely, the extrema of the random process) with half-cosine functions under the condition of compatibility at the points of extrema. A distinctive feature of the method is the provision of 100% coincidence of the values and sequences of extrema in the initial discrete and simulated continuous processes. The issue of choosing the magnitude of half-periods for these half-cosine functions is addressed on the basis of information obtained from the analysis of real stress records in the form of a regression equation linking half-periods and half-ranges for some realizations of the random process for transport vehicles. The regression dependences of the half-periods and semi-ranges of bending stresses (part of a railway train) and torsion (torsion shaft of a tracked vehicle) are shown as an example. An analysis of the correlation of two random variables (half-periods and half-ranges) according to empirical data has shown that the correlation exists and is significant for the observed number of points thus providing the basis for using the regression formula for an approximate choice of the frequency composition of the process. Moreover, the lower restrictions are imposed on the number of points (at least 5) in the half-period. Since the extrema of the initial and simulated processes coincide in accordance with the principle of the proposed simulation, the distribution of the amplitudes of complete cycles, as well as the results of schematization by other known methods are identical, therefore, the estimate of the durability by hypotheses based on a linear one is also identical. The validation of the method consists in consideration of the chain: 1) the initial continuous process; 2) the discrete process of extrema; 3) simulated continuous process according to the proposed method. Auxiliary distributions, such as distributions of maximum, minimum and average cycle values also coincide in accordance with the principle of modeling. The method is proposed to be used in analysis of the comparability of two competing approaches in assessing the loading in the problems of assessing durability, namely: those that use cycle-counting methods and methods based on the spectral density of processes. Since the spectral densities of the processes can differ due to an approximate choice of the frequencies on the basis of a regression formula, methods on their base can give estimates of the durability that differ from those obtained by schematization methods. To study this phenomenon, further computational experiments are required. The developed method can be very useful for the experiment design.

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