Size-and phase-dependent structure of copper(ii) oxide nanoparticles

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (44) ◽  
pp. 35033-35041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alauddin Ahmed ◽  
Paolo Elvati ◽  
Angela Violi
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Outer Surface ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Cuo Nanoparticle

Core (3 nm diameter) and outer surface layer (0.5 nm width) of a CuO nanoparticle of 4 nm in diameter.

scholarly journals DIFFERING RATES OF DEATH AT INNER AND OUTER SURFACES OF THE PROTOPLASM

1945 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. V. Osterhout
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Outer Surface ◽  
Diffusion Potential ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Toxic Agent ◽  
Inner Surface

The inner and outer protoplasmic surfaces in Nitella may differ greatly in behavior. When 0.01 M HgCl2 is applied externally death arrives first at the inner surface. But when 0.01 M HgCl2 + 0.01 M KCl is applied death takes place sooner at the outer surface. Since 0.01 M KCl by itself is not toxic its effect may be to condition the surface layer chemically or by means of the diffusion potential it sets up (this may amount to 100 mv.). These surfaces consist of non-aqueous films forming the boundaries of a layer of aqueous protoplasm not over 10 microns in thickness. These and earlier experiments with formaldehyde and with chloroform show clearly that it is possible to control the behavior of the protoplasmic surfaces so that when a toxic agent is applied it may produce death more rapidly at the inner or at the outer surface according to experimental conditions.

Effect of heat treatment on bonding performance of poplar via an insight into dynamic wettability and surface strength transition from outer to inner layers

Holzforschung ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 74 (8) ◽  
pp. 777-787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Demiao Chu ◽  
Jun Mu ◽  
Stavros Avramidis ◽  
Sohrab Rahimi ◽  
Zongyuan Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Surface Layer ◽  
Outer Surface ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Sessile Drop ◽  
Treated Wood ◽  
Tangential Section ◽  
Surface Strength ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Bonding Failure

AbstractHeat treatment (HT) is thought to degrade wood surface wettability and cause gluing problems; this study focused on wettability and surface strength of the surface layer on heat-treated wood. The outer and inner surfaces formed by removing the 1-, 2- and 3-mm surface layers of heat-treated poplar on the tangential section were investigated. Dynamic wetting was analyzed according to the sessile drop method. The bonding failure models on different surfaces were also discussed based on both images of macro- and microscopic fracture interfaces. Using Fourier-transform near-infrared spectroscopy (FT-NIR), the cell wall chemistry on both outer and inner surfaces were analyzed. The results showed that the bonding strength of the outer surface was mainly affected by wettability, whereas the surface strength became the key factor for the inner layers. The removal of the first 1 mm of the surface layer enhanced the wetting process and transferred the failure mode from the glue line to the wood itself. FT-NIR revealed that the intensity of the thermal degradation on inner layers was alleviated with the removal depth; wettability and surface strength were enhanced compared with the outer surface. Surface abrasion and hardness declined, decreasing the surface strength and bonding capacity. This study indicates that the bonding of heat-treated wood is truly affected by the surface strength of the inner layers, in addition to the wettability on the outer surface.

The Demineralization of Human Dental Roots in the Presence of Fluoride

1987 ◽  
Vol 66 (8) ◽  
pp. 1370-1374 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.M.M. Hoppenbrouwers ◽  
F.C.M. Driessens ◽  
J.M.P.M. Borggreven
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Outer Surface ◽  
Fluoride Concentration ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Buffer Solutions ◽  
Ionic Product ◽  
Oral Environment ◽  
Root Surface Caries ◽  
Intact Roots

Intact roots of human molars, which had not been exposed to the oral environment, were exposed to buffer solutions of pH 5.5, which contained, besides calcium and phosphate, various concentrations offluoride. Densitometric measurements on contact-microradiograms of transverse sections of these roots produced data which were used to calculate the rate of demineralization ( Vdem). Vdem appeared to be reduced with increasing fluoride concentration and with decreasing pIOHA (i.e., the negative logarithm of the ionic product of hydroxyapatite) of the buffer solution. In addition, it was observed that, after some days of exposure, remineralization started to occur within the surface layer at some μm from the outer surface and that the region within which remineralization took place was extended inward with increasing time of exposure. These data suggest that fluoride is effective in the prevention of root surface caries. The mechanism of the interaction of fluoride with the root mineral is discussed.

Inward Flow of Surface Materials at Back-Ends of Billets During Al-Extrusion, Part 1: A Finite Element Model

1999 ◽  
Vol 121 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Hou
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Surface Layer ◽  
Outer Surface ◽  
Metal Flow ◽  
Hot Extrusion ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Surface Material ◽  
Rigid Plastic ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Good Agreement

In hot extrusion of Al-profiles, the billet-container boundary is characterized by the sticking condition. The outer surface layer of the billet is stuck to the container wall. At the back-end of the billet, the metal flow is complicated. The surface material, which is initially stuck to the wall, will be scraped away by the pad and flow inward into the billet. This kind of inward flow of surface material is usually undesirable and it is important to control such flow so that no surface material should be found in extruded profiles. In order to study this phenomenon, a model is proposed for the metal flow at the back-end, in which the rigid-plastic FEM is used. A computer program FEMBA has been developed based on the model. The simulation results are in qualitatively good agreement with experiments.

Compressible multi-scale magnetic constructs: decorating the outer surface of self-assembled microbubbles with iron oxide nanoparticles

RSC Advances ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (21) ◽  
pp. 7743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phuc Nghia Nguyen ◽  
Gergana Nikolova ◽  
Prasad Polavarapu ◽  
Gilles Waton ◽  
Lai Truong Phuoc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Iron Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Outer Surface ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Self Assembled

scholarly journals Boriding of steel surface with beams of boron atoms

2018 ◽  
Vol 226 ◽  
pp. 03004
Author(s):  
Yuri F. Migal ◽  
Andrey V. Sidashov
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Oxidation State ◽  
Outer Surface ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Steel Surface ◽  
Steel Sample ◽  
Small Concentration ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Atomic Beams

We consider a new method for hardening the steel surface, which differs from the known CHT boriding method in the possibility of creating a surface with a lower fragility. Within this approach, the boriding is carried out by treating the steel surface with atomic beams of boron at a temperature below 750 °C. In this case, a friable layer of pure boron appears on the outer surface of the steel. Then, boron atoms diffuse from this layer into the surface layers of the steel. To detect boron in a steel sample, we used the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy method. With its help we have obtained spectra of both the outer surface of a steel sample and surface layers at depths up to 8 nm. The spectra of the surface layers showed that as a result of boriding in the sample there appeared the boron in the zero oxidation state. This fact is consistent with the notion that, in the case of a small concentration of boron, it is located on the boundaries between the grains in the surface layer of steel and strengthens the bonds between the boundaries.

scholarly journals Primary Structure of Selected Archaeal Mesophilic and Extremely Thermophilic Outer Surface Layer Proteins

2002 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harald Claus ◽  
Erol Akça ◽  
Tony Debaerdemaeker ◽  
Christine Evrard ◽  
Jean-Paul Declercq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Outer Surface ◽  
Primary Structure ◽  
Surface Layer Proteins

scholarly journals Chemolithotrophy on the Noachian Martian breccia NWA 7034 via experimental microbial biotransformation

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetyana Milojevic ◽  
Mihaela Albu ◽  
Denise Kölbl ◽  
Gerald Kothleitner ◽  
Robert Bruner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Outer Surface ◽  
Microbial Cell ◽  
Northwest Africa ◽  
History Of ◽  
Inorganic Constituents ◽  
Lines Of Evidence

AbstractMultiple lines of evidence indicate an active hydrogeological history of Mars and chemolithoautotrophy-suited environments within its Noachian terrains. As a result, one of the primary aims of upcoming missions to Mars is to search for signs of ancient life. Here we report on laboratory-scaled microbially assisted chemolithoautotrophic biotransformation of the Noachian Martian breccia Northwest Africa (NWA) 7034 composed of ancient (~4.5 Gyr old) crustal materials from Mars. Nanoanalytical hyperspectral analysis provides clues for the trafficking and distribution of meteorite inorganic constituents in the microbial cell. We decipher biomineralization patterns associated with the biotransformation and reveal microbial nanometer-sized lithologies located inside the cell and on its outer surface layer. These investigations provide an opportunity to trace the putative bioalteration processes of the Martian crust and to assess the potential biogenicity of Martian materials.

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