New insights into reinforcement mechanism of nanoclay-filled isoprene rubber during uniaxial deformation by in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (32) ◽  
pp. 25171-25182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuan Fu ◽  
Guangsu Huang ◽  
Zhengtian Xie ◽  
Wang Xing
Keyword(s):  
Crystallization Behavior ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Uniaxial Deformation ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Reinforcement Mechanism ◽  
Strain Induced Crystallization ◽  
Induced Crystallization ◽  
Isoprene Rubber

The existence of a denser network domain formed by incorporation of filler and its vital role in determining the strain-induced crystallization behavior of nanocomposites is proved by in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction characterization.

In situ characterization of strain-induced crystallization of natural rubber by synchrotron radiation wide-angle X-ray diffraction: construction of a crystal network at low temperatures

Soft Matter ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 734-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pinzhang Chen ◽  
Jingyun Zhao ◽  
Yuanfei Lin ◽  
Jiarui Chang ◽  
Lingpu Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Structural Evolution ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
In Situ Characterization ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Crystal Network ◽  
Strain Induced Crystallization ◽  
Induced Crystallization

The structural evolution of NR during stretching at −40 °C and in the strain–temperature space.

Probing the Nature of Strain-Induced Crystallization in Polyisoprene Rubber by Combined Thermomechanical and In Situ X-ray Diffraction Techniques

2005 ◽  
Vol 38 (16) ◽  
pp. 7064-7073 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigeyuki Toki ◽  
Igors Sics ◽  
Benjamin S. Hsiao ◽  
Masatoshi Tosaka ◽  
Sirilux Poompradub ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Strain Induced Crystallization ◽  
Induced Crystallization

Effect of Network-Chain Length on Strain-Induced Crystallization of NR and IR Vulcanizates

2004 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 711-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masatoshi Tosaka ◽  
Shinzo Kohjiya ◽  
Syozo Murakami ◽  
Sirilux Poompradub ◽  
Yuko Ikeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Strain ◽  
Crosslinking Density ◽  
Wide Angle ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Elongation Ratio ◽  
Network Chain ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Strain Induced Crystallization ◽  
Induced Crystallization ◽  
Isoprene Rubber

Abstract Strain-induced crystallization of natural rubber (NR) and synthetic isoprene rubber (IR) with various crosslinking densities was investigated by wide angle X-ray diffraction using a synchrotron radiation and simultaneous tensile measurements. The elongation ratio at the onset of crystallization (αc) was almost independent of crosslinking density. IR samples showed larger αc values than NR because of the lower stereoregularity of IR. These results suggest that the onset of crystallization is determined by increased melting temperature by strain due to an entropic reason. The amount of oriented amorphous component changed approximately linearly with strain, and was a little larger in IR than in NR when compared at the same elongation ratio. At small strain (and stress), crystallinity in IR was lower than in NR. These results indicate that, at small strain region, the more stress is assigned to oriented amorphous in IR than in NR.

scholarly journals CHARACTERISTICS OF STRAIN-INDUCED CRYSTALLIZATION IN NATURAL RUBBER DURING FATIGUE TESTING: IN SITU WIDE-ANGLE X-RAY DIFFRACTION MEASUREMENTS USING SYNCHROTRON RADIATION

2014 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 184-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Beurrot-Borgarino ◽  
B. Huneau ◽  
E. Verron ◽  
D. Thiaudière ◽  
C. Mocuta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synchrotron Radiation ◽  
Stretch Ratio ◽  
Fatigue Tests ◽  
Wide Angle ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Strain Induced Crystallization ◽  
Number Of Cycles ◽  
Induced Crystallization

ABSTRACT Strain-induced crystallization of carbon black-filled natural rubber is investigated by wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) during in situ fatigue tests using synchrotron radiation. Thanks to an original experimental method, we measure the evolution with the number of cycles of: (i) the index of crystallinity, both (ii) size and (iii) orientation of the crystallites, and finally (iv) the lattice parameters. It is shown that when the minimum stretch ratio of the fatigue test is lower than the onset of melting of the crystallites, then the index of crystallinity and the size of the crystallites decrease, whereas they increase when the minimum stretch ratio is higher than the onset of melting. For all the fatigue tests, the misorientation of the crystallites slightly decreases and the lattice parameters remain constant with the number of cycles.

Strain-Induced Crystallization of Natural Rubber: Effect of Proteins and Phospholipids

2008 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 753-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sureerut Amnuaypornsri ◽  
Jitladda Sakdapipanich ◽  
Shigeyuki Toki ◽  
Benjamin S. Hsiao ◽  
Naoya Ichikawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Decomposition Methods ◽  
Uniaxial Deformation ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
High Mechanical Property ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Stress Strain Relation ◽  
Strain Induced Crystallization ◽  
Induced Crystallization

Abstract The effects of proteins and phospholipids in natural rubber (NR) on the strain-induced crystallization behavior during uniaxial deformation were studied by in-situ synchrotron wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) technique and simultaneous measurements of stress-strain relation. The influences of proteins and phospholipids in NR were evaluated separately by decomposition methods using deproteinization and lipase treatment, respectively. It was found that both components form a naturally occurring network, which is responsible for the strain-induced crystallizability of unvulcanized NR and the corresponding high mechanical property. This network also plays a significant role in strain-induced crystallization of vulcanized natural rubber.

Strain-Induced Molecular Orientation and Crystallization in Natural and Synthetic Rubbers under Uniaxial Deformation by In-situ Synchrotron X-ray Study

2004 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigeyuki Toki ◽  
Igors Sics ◽  
Shaofeng Ran ◽  
Lizhi Liu ◽  
Benjamin S. Hsiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Orientation ◽  
Amorphous State ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Strain Induced Crystallization ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Induced Crystallization ◽  
Natural And Synthetic

Abstract In-situ synchrotron wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) studies and simultaneous measurements of stress and strain during uniaxial stretching of various vulcanized rubbers were carried out (at room temperature and 0°C) to reveal the strain-induced molecular orientation and crystallization relationships. Rubbers evaluated included natural rubber (NR), synthetic poly-isoprene rubber (IR), poly-cis-1,4-butadiene rubber (BR) and butyl rubber (IIR). Some universal features were observed in these systems: (i) At high strains (> 5.0), the majority of the chains (up to 50 ≈ 75%) in natural and synthetic rubbers remained in the un-oriented amorphous state with only a small amount of crystalline fraction formed (10–20%). The rest of the chains were in the oriented amorphous state. (ii) During deformation, the oriented amorphous chains acted as precursors to strain-induced crystallization. A network of micro-fibrillar crystallites is formed within the closely populated vulcanization points, leading to the enhancement of mechanical properties at high strains. Different rubbers exhibited different behaviors during strain-induced crystallization. For example, poly-isoprenes (NR and IR vulcanized with sulfur and peroxide) showed strain-induced crystallization at a low strain of 2.5, resulting in larger crystalline but smaller oriented amorphous fractions. In contrast, BR and IIR crystallized at a higher strain of 4.0 lead to higher molecular orientation, higher oriented amorphous, but smaller crystalline fractions. The relationship between the molecular orientation and crystallization in strained rubber depends on the intrinsic crystallizability of the chains and the topology of the crosslinked network.

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