Surface effects in metal oxide-based nanodevices

Nanoscale ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (47) ◽  
pp. 19874-19884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Der-Hsien Lien ◽  
José Ramón Durán Retamal ◽  
Jr-Jian Ke ◽  
Chen-Fang Kang ◽  
Jr-Hau He
Keyword(s):  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Surface Effect ◽  
Surface Effects ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Device Applications

The surface effect can be either a negative or beneficial effect on nanodevices depending on the environmental conditions and device applications. This review provides an introduction of the surface effects on different types of nanodevices, offering the solutions to response to their benefits and negative effect, and provides outlooks on further applications regarding the surface effect.

Surface Effect for Different Types of Materials in Nanoindentation

2004 ◽  
Vol 261-263 ◽  
pp. 1587-1592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Hua Xu ◽  
Tong Yi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Surface Stress ◽  
Surface Effect ◽  
Surface Effects ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Good Agreement

This paper studies surface effects on the depth-dependent hardness and proposes a novel method to estimate the apparent surface stress from nanoindentation tests. Good agreement is found between the theoretical predictions and experimental data of the depth-dependent hardness, thereby indicating that the apparent surface stress plays an important role in the depth-dependent hardness for various types of materials, such as metals, ceramics, and polymers.

Effects of ball properties on throwing in young team-handball beginners

2021 ◽  
pp. 174795412110236
Author(s):  
Frowin Fasold ◽  
Benjamin Noël ◽  
André Nicklas ◽  
Fabian Lukac ◽  
Stefanie Klatt
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Movement Patterns ◽  
Team Handball ◽  
Throwing Accuracy ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Study Participants

Throwing a ball is a primary skill in team-handball and can be directly influenced by the properties of different types of balls. Therefore, the use of different balls (i.e., methodic ball) recommended by the handball federations (e.g., IHF) and the education guidelines, are important in teaching throwing. Previous studies have shown that movement patterns and throwing velocity can be influenced by different ball types and sizes. However, the influence of these factors on throwing accuracy has not been investigated in detail yet. This study aims to replicate the findings of previous studies on increasing throwing velocity in children by comparing the use of a soft methodic ball with a size 0 handball. Furthermore, this study investigates the influence of these balls on throwing accuracy. In an experimental study, participants (10-years of age) threw a soft methodic ball and a size 0 ball at target areas in a handball goal. For all the throws, throwing velocity and accuracy were measured. Commensurate with previous research, throwing velocity was higher for the soft methodic ball compared to a size 0 ball. No difference was found in accuracy, although, it is worth mentioning that the participants were only experienced in throwing using the size 0 ball. Moreover, only one-third of the children favored throwing with a size 0 ball, which is what they are used to in training and competition. The results of our study, therefore, confirm that using soft methodic balls additionally, positively influences the throwing velocity and has no negative effect on the accuracy in throwing among young handball beginners.

Do Development and Democracy Positively Affect Gender Equality in Cabinets?

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 332-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN HÖGSTRÖM
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Political Regimes ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Positive Effect

AbstractIt has been argued that economic development and democracy create new opportunities and resources for women to access political power, which should increase gender equality in politics. However, empirical evidence from previous research that supports this argument is mixed. The contribution of this study is to expand the research on gender equality in politics through an in-depth examination of the effect of development and democracy on gender equality in cabinets. This has been completed through separate analyses that include most of the countries in the world across three levels of development (least-developed, developing, and developed) and across different types of political regimes (democracies, royal dictatorships, military dictatorships, and civilian dictatorships). The results demonstrate that economic development and democracy only affect gender equality in cabinets positively in a few environments. Accordingly, the context is important and there seem to be thresholds before development and democracy have any effect. Development has a positive effect in developed countries and in democracies, but it has a negative effect in dictatorships, and the negative effect is strongest in military dictatorships. The level of democracy has a positive effect mainly in dictatorships, and the strongest effect is in civilian dictatorships. The article demonstrates the importance of dividing samples into subsets to increase understanding of what affects women's representation in cabinets in different environments, and I ask scholars to subset samples and run separate analyses more often in comparative studies.

Thin germanium-carbon alloy layers grown directly on silicon for metal-oxide-semiconductor device applications

2006 ◽  
Vol 88 (15) ◽  
pp. 152101 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Q. Kelly ◽  
I. Wiedmann ◽  
J. P. Donnelly ◽  
S. V. Joshi ◽  
S. Dey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Semiconductor Device ◽  
Metal Oxide Semiconductor ◽  
Oxide Semiconductor ◽  
Device Applications

scholarly journals Motion-Induced Imbalance of Contact Impedance in ECG Capture: Comparison of Electrode Materials in Capacitive Coupling

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Pfeiffer ◽  
Sebastian Meyer ◽  
Oliver Amft ◽  
Daisuke Anzai ◽  
Jianqin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Body Movement ◽  
Soft Materials ◽  
Capacitive Coupling ◽  
Contact Impedance ◽  
Dynamic Variation ◽  
Incompressible Materials ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Overall Performance

Differences in contact impedance of the ECG measurement electrodes lead to asymmetries of the signal paths and thus result in reduced common-mode rejection and artifacts. Here, the imbalance of contact impedance is investigated for<br>different types of electrodes with capacitive coupling in terms of static imbalance as well as dynamic variation during body movement. Flexible and incompressible materials like conductive foam and fabric showed the best overall performance. The negative effect of rigidity can partly be compensated by adding conducting foam, while soft materials can profit from an increase of electrode area. <br>

scholarly journals Isolated individuals and groups show opposite preferences toward humidity

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariano Calvo Martín ◽  
Stamatios C. Nicolis ◽  
Isaac Planas-Sitjà ◽  
Jean-Christophe de Biseau ◽  
Jean-Louis Deneubourg
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractCockroaches, like most social arthropods, are led to choose collectively among different alternative resting places. These decisions are modulated by different factors, such as environmental conditions (temperature, relative humidity) and sociality (groups size, nature of communications). The aim of this study is to establish the interplay between environmental conditions and the modulation of the interactions between individuals within a group leading to an inversion of preferences. We show that the preferences of isolated cockroaches and groups of 16 individuals, on the selection of the relative humidity of a shelter are inversed and shed light on the mechanisms involved. We suggest that the relative humidity has a multi-level influence on cockroaches, manifested as an attractant effect at the individual level and as a negative effect at the group level, modulating the interactions.

Bonding and Penetration at Metal/Self-Assembled Organic Monolayer Interfaces

1995 ◽  
Vol 385 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Jung ◽  
A. W. Czanderna ◽  
G. C. Herdt
Keyword(s):  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Interfacial Properties ◽  
Self Assembled Monolayers ◽  
Organic Substrates ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Organic Monolayer ◽  
Organic Interfaces ◽  
Assembled Monolayers ◽  
Self Assembled

ABSTRACTThe purpose of research on metals (M) deposited onto self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) is to understand the interactions between the metal and eventually metal oxide overlayers on well-ordered organic substrates. Applications of M/SAM and inorganic/SAM research results to the understanding of real inorganic/organic interfaces in vacuum and under environmental conditions can potentially play a key role in the development of advanced devices with stable interfacial properties. The results of selected M/SAM studies to date are reviewed, and MISAM combinations ranked according to reactivity and penetration. Specific examples of reactive interfaces (Cu/COOH, Cr/several groups) and nonreactive interfaces with penetration (Ag/CH3, Ag/COOH) are used to illustrate the extremes.

scholarly journals Characteristics of an oxide/metal/oxide transparent conducting electrode fabricated with an intermediate Cu–Mo metal composite layer for application in efficient CIGS solar cell

RSC Advances ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (76) ◽  
pp. 48113-48119 ◽  
Author(s):  
San Kang ◽  
R. Nandi ◽  
Jae-Kwan Sim ◽  
Jun-Yong Jo ◽  
Uddipta Chatterjee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Solar Cell ◽  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Composite Layer ◽  
Metal Composite ◽  
Cigs Solar Cell ◽  
Transparent Conducting ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Cigs Solar Cells ◽  
Transparent Conducting Electrodes

CIGS solar cells fabricated with different types of AZO/metal/AZO (AZO/Cu/AZO, AZO/Mo/AZO and AZO/Cu–Mo/AZO) transparent conducting electrodes.

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