scholarly journals Recent advances in the biosynthesis of unusual polyketide synthase substrates

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Ray ◽  
Bradley S. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Polyketide Synthase ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Chemical Complexity ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Biological And Pharmacological Activities

Polyketides comprise a diverse class of natural products, with many important biological and pharmacological activities. Substrates functioning as starter units and extender units during their assembly significantly contribute to the chemical complexity exhibited by this class of natural products. This highlight provides an overview of the recent advances in understanding the diversity of these polyketide synthase (PKS) building blocks.

scholarly journals Recent Advances in Organocatalyzed Asymmetric Synthesis of Benzopyran and Benzodihydropyran (Chromane) Nuclei

Symmetry ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1510
Author(s):  
Renato Dalpozzo ◽  
Raffaella Mancuso
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Asymmetric Synthesis ◽  
Organic Synthesis ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Core Structure ◽  
The Core ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Set Up

Benzopyran and benzodihydropyran (chromane) nuclei are the core structure of many natural products, in particular flavonoids. Many compounds possessing this structure are nutraceuticals, pharmaceutical nutrients. Therefore, benzopyran and chromane scaffolds are important building blocks in organic synthesis and many efforts have been made to set up efficient methods for their synthesis. In particular, asymmetric methods are of great importance, being natural products, and generally chiral substances. This review aims to cover literature in the range 2017–first half of 2019.

scholarly journals Acyltransferases as Tools for Polyketide Synthase Engineering

Antibiotics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Musiol-Kroll ◽  
Wolfgang Wohlleben
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Polyketide Synthase ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Assembly Lines ◽  
Acyl Carrier Proteins ◽  
Polyketide Biosynthesis

Polyketides belong to the most valuable natural products, including diverse bioactive compounds, such as antibiotics, anticancer drugs, antifungal agents, immunosuppressants and others. Their structures are assembled by polyketide synthases (PKSs). Modular PKSs are composed of modules, which involve sets of domains catalysing the stepwise polyketide biosynthesis. The acyltransferase (AT) domains and their “partners”, the acyl carrier proteins (ACPs), thereby play an essential role. The AT loads the building blocks onto the “substrate acceptor”, the ACP. Thus, the AT dictates which building blocks are incorporated into the polyketide structure. The precursor- and occasionally the ACP-specificity of the ATs differ across the polyketide pathways and therefore, the ATs contribute to the structural diversity within this group of complex natural products. Those features make the AT enzymes one of the most promising tools for manipulation of polyketide assembly lines and generation of new polyketide compounds. However, the AT-based PKS engineering is still not straightforward and thus, rational design of functional PKSs requires detailed understanding of the complex machineries. This review summarizes the attempts of PKS engineering by exploiting the AT attributes for the modification of polyketide structures. The article includes 253 references and covers the most relevant literature published until May 2018.

Recent advances of chromone-based reactants in the catalytic asymmetric domino annulation reaction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Zhang ◽  
Ying Gong ◽  
Wei Zhou ◽  
Ying Zhou ◽  
Xiong-Li Liu
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
The Core ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Catalytic Asymmetric

Chiral polycyclic chromanones are important heterocyclic frameworks that constitute the core structures of many natural products and bioactive molecules. As starting materials, the chromone-based reactants are very efficient building blocks...

scholarly journals Expanding the Fluorine Chemistry of Living Systems Using Engineered Polyketide Synthase Pathways

Science ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 341 (6150) ◽  
pp. 1089-1094 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark C. Walker ◽  
Benjamin W. Thuronyi ◽  
Louise K. Charkoudian ◽  
Brian Lowry ◽  
Chaitan Khosla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Synthetic Biology ◽  
Natural Product ◽  
Polyketide Synthase ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Living Systems ◽  
Synthetic Compounds ◽  
Fluorinated Building Blocks

Organofluorines represent a rapidly expanding proportion of molecules that are used in pharmaceuticals, diagnostics, agrochemicals, and materials. Despite the prevalence of fluorine in synthetic compounds, the known biological scope is limited to a single pathway that produces fluoroacetate. Here, we demonstrate that this pathway can be exploited as a source of fluorinated building blocks for introduction of fluorine into natural-product scaffolds. Specifically, we have constructed pathways involving two polyketide synthase systems, and we show that fluoroacetate can be used to incorporate fluorine into the polyketide backbone in vitro. We further show that fluorine can be inserted site-selectively and introduced into polyketide products in vivo. These results highlight the prospects for the production of complex fluorinated natural products using synthetic biology.

scholarly journals Phytosterols: Potential Metabolic Modulators in Neurodegenerative Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (22) ◽  
pp. 12255
Author(s):  
Niti Sharma ◽  
Mario A. Tan ◽  
Seong Soo A. An
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Isolated Structures ◽  
Biological And Pharmacological Activities

Phytosterols constitute a class of natural products that are an important component of diet and have vast applications in foods, cosmetics, and herbal medicines. With many and diverse isolated structures in nature, they exhibit a broad range of biological and pharmacological activities. Among over 200 types of phytosterols, stigmasterol and β-sitosterol were ubiquitous in many plant species, exhibiting important aspects of activities related to neurodegenerative diseases. Hence, this mini-review presented an overview of the reported studies on selected phytosterols related to neurodegenerative diseases. It covered the major phytosterols based on biosynthetic considerations, including other phytosterols with significant in vitro and in vivo biological activities.

A Review on Thiocyanation of Indoles

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chitteti Divyavani ◽  
Pannala Padmaja ◽  
Vinod G. Ugale ◽  
Pedavenkatagari Narayana Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Bond Formation ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Indole Derivatives ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Sulfur Containing ◽  
Biological And Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Sulfur Bond

Background:: The thiocyanation of indoles is a direct way for carbon sulfur bond formation to access 3- thiocyanato-indoles. 3-Thiocyanato-indoles exhibit potent biological and pharmacological activities and also serve as building blocks to synthesize many biologically active sulfur-containing indole derivatives. Objective:: The aim of this review is to highlight different approaches for the thiocyanation of indoles focusing on the scope and mechanism. Conclusion:: In this review, we have summarized various methods for the thiocyanation of indoles. Selected new methods for the preparation of 3-thiocyanato-indoles will be highlighted. The mechanistic aspects and significance of the methods are briefly discussed.

Recent advances for the synthesis of chiral sulfones with the sulfone moiety directly connected to the chiral center

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuanle Zhu ◽  
Yingying Cai ◽  
Huanfeng Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Chiral Center ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Chiral Centers

Chiral sulfones, especially for those compounds with the sulfone groups directly connected to the chiral centers, are privileged building blocks in many natural products and bioactive compounds. Thus, the development...

Recent advances in the Overman rearrangement: synthesis of natural products and valuable compounds

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (13) ◽  
pp. 2672-2710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodney A. Fernandes ◽  
Pullaiah Kattanguru ◽  
Sachin P. Gholap ◽  
Dipali A. Chaudhari
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Bond Forming ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Synthetic Intermediates ◽  
Valuable Compounds

This review documents the reports since 2005 on the Overman rearrangement, an important C–N bond forming reaction that has been profoundly used in the synthesis of natural products, synthetic intermediates, building blocks and valuable compounds.

Spiropyrazolines: A Worthy Insight into the Recent Strategies and Synthetic Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 357-391
Author(s):  
Zubi Sadiq ◽  
Sadia Naz ◽  
Erum Akbar Hussain ◽  
Umbreen Aslam
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Dipolar Cycloaddition ◽  
Molecular Architecture ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Biological And Pharmacological Activities

The structural diversity of spiro heterocycles has achieved an extensive attention of organic chemists due to their vast synthetic applications. Among these, spiropyrazolines are gaining considerable prominence due to their biological and pharmacological activities, electrophotographic photosensitivity as well as their application as beneficial synthons for spirocyclopropanes, cyclobutanes, pyrrolidinones, pyrazoles, 3-amino oxindoles and several natural products molecular architecture. In view of all these, this review aims to provide the classical and advanced regioselective approaches as well as synthetic applications of spiropyrazolines. The key reactions for its synthesis are 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition and condensations that are described completely in this piece of work.

scholarly journals Dihydronaphthofurans: synthetic strategies and applications

RSC Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 5794-5826
Author(s):  
Abolfazl Olyaei ◽  
Mahdieh Sadeghpour
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Important Class ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Drug Candidates ◽  
Biological And Pharmacological Activities

Dihydronaphthofurans (DHNs) are an important class of arene ring-fused furans which are widely found in many natural and non-natural products and drug candidates with relevant biological and pharmacological activities.

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