Fermi level, work function and vacuum level

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoine Kahn

Electronic levels and energies of a solid, such as Fermi level, vacuum level, work function, ionization energy or electron affinity, are of paramount importance for the control of device behavior, charge carrier injection and transport.

2010 ◽  
Vol 81 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu. A. Genenko ◽  
S. V. Yampolskii ◽  
C. Melzer ◽  
K. Stegmaier ◽  
H. von Seggern

2020 ◽  
Vol 126 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Geeta Sharma ◽  
Shraddha M. Rao ◽  
Bhanu Pratap Singh ◽  
Parinda Vasa

2016 ◽  
Vol 108 (26) ◽  
pp. 263301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix J. Hofmann ◽  
Jan Vogelsang ◽  
John M. Lupton

1967 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 843-844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Lohmann

The sum of ionization energy and electron affinity for aromatic hydrocarbon molecules is constant and therefore the Fermi level for intrinsic aromatic hydrocarbon crystals is in first approximation independent of the nature of the hydrocarbon. This relationship leads in turn to a constant value for the flat band potential of aromatic hydrocarbon crystals in contact with an electrolyte. An estimate of this value is given.


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