scholarly journals Design principles of a conditional futile cycle exploited for regulation

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1841-1849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean A. Tolla ◽  
Patricia J. Kiley ◽  
Jason G. Lomnitz ◽  
Michael A. Savageau
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Response Time ◽  
Regulatory Protein ◽  
Design Principles ◽  
Futile Cycle ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Time And Energy

Activation of a regulatory protein by interruption of a futile cycle involves a trade-off between response time and energy expenditure.

scholarly journals Closed-Loop Control of Complex Networks: A Trade-Off between Time and Energy

2017 ◽  
Vol 119 (19) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Zheng Sun ◽  
Si-Yang Leng ◽  
Ying-Cheng Lai ◽  
Celso Grebogi ◽  
Wei Lin
Keyword(s):  
Complex Networks ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Closed Loop Control ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
Time And Energy

scholarly journals Equal fitness paradigm explained by a trade-off between generation time and energy production rate

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 262-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
James H. Brown ◽  
Charles A. S. Hall ◽  
Richard M. Sibly
Keyword(s):  
Production Rate ◽  
Generation Time ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Time And Energy

scholarly journals Foraging distances in six species of solitary bees with body lengths of 6 to 15 mm, inferred from individual tagging, suggest 150 m-rule-of-thumb for flower strip distances

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 ◽  
pp. 105-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaela M. Hofmann ◽  
Andreas Fleischmann ◽  
Susanne S. Renner
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Fragmentation ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Solitary Bees ◽  
Wild Bees ◽  
Rule Of Thumb ◽  
Urban Garden ◽  
Nesting Sites ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Time And Energy ◽  
Foraging Distances

Bees require suitably close foraging and nesting sites to minimize travel time and energy expenditure for brood provisioning. Knowing foraging distances in persistent (‘healthy’) populations is therefore crucial for assessing harmful levels of habitat fragmentation. For small bees, such distances are poorly known because of the difficulty of individual tagging and problems with mark-recapture approaches. Using apiarist’s number tags and colour codes, we marked 2689 males and females of four oligolectic and two polylectic species of Osmiini bees (Megachilidae, genera Chelostoma, Heriades, Hoplitis, Osmia) with body lengths of 6 to 15 mm. The work was carried out in 21 ha-large urban garden that harbours at least 106 species of wild bees. Based on 450 re-sightings, mean female flight distances ranged from 73 to 121 m and male distances from 59 to 100 m. These foraging distances suggest that as a rule of thumb, flower strips and nesting sites for supporting small solitary bees should be no further than 150 m apart.

scholarly journals Modeling Multi-Site Computation Offloading in Unreliable Cloud Environments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marzieh Ranjbar Pirbasti
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Response Time ◽  
Mobile Device ◽  
Fault Injection ◽  
Computation Offloading ◽  
Failure Rates ◽  
Recovery Mechanisms ◽  
Efficient Allocations ◽  
Cloud Servers ◽  
Time And Energy

Offloading heavy computations from a mobile device to cloud servers can reduce the power consumption of the mobile device and improve the response time of mobile applications. However, the gains of offloading can be significantly affected by failures of cloud servers and network links. In this thesis, we propose a fault-aware, multi-site computation offloading model capable of finding efficient allocations of tasks to resources. Our model reduces both response time and energy consumption by incorporating the effect of failures and recovery mechanisms for various offloading allocations. In addition, we create a fault-injection framework to evaluate an allocation under various failure rates and recovery mechanisms. The experiments carried out with our fault-injection framework demonstrate that our fault-aware model can determine an allocation—based on the type of failures, failure rates, and the employed recovery mechanisms—that improves both response time and lower energy consumption compared to model without failures.

scholarly journals Local design principles at hippocampal synapses revealed by an energy-information trade-off

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaurang Mahajan ◽  
Suhita Nadkarni
Keyword(s):  
Information Transfer ◽  
Design Principles ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Vesicle Release ◽  
Efficient Manner ◽  
Heterogeneous Distribution ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Release Probability ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Hippocampal Synapses

AbstractSynapses across different brain regions display distinct structure-function relationships. We investigate the interplay of fundamental design principles that shape the transmission properties of the excitatory CA3-CA1 pyramidal cell connection, a prototypic synapse for studying the mechanisms of learning in the hippocampus. This small synapse is characterized by probabilistic release of transmitter, which is markedly facilitated in response to naturally occurring trains of action potentials. Based on a physiologically realistic computational model of the CA3 presynaptic terminal, we show how unreliability and short-term dynamics of vesicle release work together to regulate the trade-off of information transfer versus energy use. We propose that individual CA3-CA1 synapses are designed to operate at close to maximum possible capacity of information transfer in an efficient manner. Experimental measurements reveal a wide range of vesicle release probabilities at hippocampal synapses, which may be a necessary consequence of long-term plasticity and homeostatic mechanisms that manifest as presynaptic modifications of release probability. We show that the timescales and magnitude of short-term plasticity render synaptic information transfer nearly independent of differences in release probability. Thus, individual synapses transmit optimally while maintaining a heterogeneous distribution of presynaptic strengths indicative of synaptically-encoded memory representations. Our results support the view that organizing principles that are evident on higher scales of neural organization percolate down to the design of an individual synapse.

scholarly journals Not afraid to trust you: Trustworthiness moderates gaze cueing but not in highly anxious participants

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Suessenbach ◽  
Felix D. Schönbrodt
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Exploratory Analysis ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Gaze Cueing ◽  
Cueing Effect ◽  
Negative Target ◽  
Gaze Cues

Gaze Cueing (i.e.,the shifting of person B’s attention by following person A’s gaze) is closely linked with human interaction and learning. To make the most of this connection, researchers need to investigate possible moderators enhancing or reducing the extent of this attentional shifting. In this study we used a gaze cueing paradigm to demonstrate that the perceived trustworthiness of a cueing person constitutes such a moderator for female participants. Our results show a significant interaction between perceived trustworthiness and the response time trade-off between valid and invalid gaze cues (gaze cueing effect), as manifested in greater following of a person’s gaze if this person was trustworthy as opposed to the following of an untrustworthy person’s gaze. An additional exploratory analysis showed potentially moderating influences of trait-anxiety on this interaction (p= .057). The affective background of the experiment (i.e., using positive or negative target stimuli) had no influence.

Energy Invested in Reproduction by Thick-Billed Murres (Uria lomvia)

The Auk ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 447-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Gaston
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Reproductive Activity ◽  
Total Energy Expenditure ◽  
Energy Budgets ◽  
Uria Lomvia ◽  
Energy Investment ◽  
Cepphus Grylle ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Time And Energy

Abstract Pelagic seabirds that lay single-egg clutches have been thought to invest less energy in reproduction than inshore-feeding species that rear more than one young. To examine this idea I calculated time and energy budgets for Thick-billed Murres (Uria lomvia) breeding at two large arctic colonies and compared their energy expenditure with that of a hypothetical group (shirkers) that was capable of feeding at the same rate but did not attempt any reproductive activity. The difference in energy investment between breeders and shirkers was strongly dependent on the average foraging range. I also compared my results with similar estimates for inshore-feeding Black Guillemots (Cepphus grylle). For the two Thick-billed Murre colonies, energy allocated to reproduction represented 30% and 24% of total energy expenditure during the breeding season. These values exceed the estimates for Black Guillemots. The amount of energy invested by Thick-billed Murres at the colonies considered probably is similar to that invested by other seabirds laying larger clutches and rearing heavier young.

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