Spectroscopic investigation of substrates contaminated by chemical warfare agents

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 2394-2402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Landström ◽  
Lillemor Örebrand ◽  
Kristoffer Svensson ◽  
Per Ola Andersson
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Warfare Agents ◽  
Chemical Warfare ◽  
Total Reflection ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflection ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Chemical Agent ◽  
Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Paint Systems ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown ◽  
Warfare Agents

Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy have been evaluated for the purpose of analyzing contaminated and decontaminated substrates, such as Si wafers and different Chemical Agent Resistant Coating (CARC) paint systems.

Common chemical agent threats

2002 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randall R. McCafferty ◽  
Peter J. Lennarson
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Warfare Agents ◽  
September 11 ◽  
Chemical Warfare ◽  
Chemical Agent ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Global Awareness ◽  
Warfare Agents

The events of September 11, 2001, highlight the fact that we live in precarious times. National and global awareness of the resolve and capabilities of terrorists has increased. The possibility that the civilian neurosurgeon may confront a scenario involving the use of chemical warfare agents has heightened. The information reported in this paper serves as a primer on the recognition, decontamination, and treatment of trauma patients exposed to chemical warfare agents.

scholarly journals Study of Decomposition of Chemical Warfare Agents using Solid Decontamination Substances

Toxics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Tomas Capoun ◽  
Jana Krykorkova
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Times ◽  
Chemical Warfare Agents ◽  
Chemical Warfare Agent ◽  
Chemical Warfare ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflection ◽  
Ftir Spectrometry ◽  
Warfare Agents ◽  
Dangerous Substances ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
Original Amount

The decontamination of chemical warfare agents is important for the elimination or reduction of the effects of these substances on persons. Solid decontamination (degradation) sorbents that decompose dangerous substances belong among modern decontamination substances. The aim of the study was to design a procedure for monitoring the degradation of chemical warfare agents using such sorbents. The degradation of soman, VX [O-ethyl-S-(diisopropylaminoethyl)methylphosphonothioate] and sulphur mustard (chemical warfare agents) was monitored using FTIR spectrometry with the attenuated total reflection (ATR) technique. During the development and validation of this process, bonds were found in the substance molecule that decomposed and the positions of the absorbance bands corresponded to the vibration of these bonds. The evaluation of the degradation efficiency procedure for sorbents on chemical warfare agents was designed based on this study. We present the result of the measurements graphically as the time dependence of the distributed chemical warfare agent ratio, and the reaction times required to decompose 50% and 90% of the original amount of the substance.

scholarly journals Eco–Friendly Peelable Active Nanocomposite Films Designed for Biological and Chemical Warfare Agents Decontamination

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 3999
Author(s):  
Gabriela Toader ◽  
Aurel Diacon ◽  
Traian Rotariu ◽  
Mioara Alexandru ◽  
Edina Rusen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Mustard ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Chemical Warfare Agents ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Decontamination Factor ◽  
Chemical Warfare ◽  
Nanocomposite Films ◽  
Chemical Agent ◽  
Warfare Agents ◽  
Micro Organisms

In the context of imminent threats concerning biological and chemical warfare agents, the aim of this study was the development of a new method for biological and chemical decontamination, employing non-toxic, film-forming, water-based biodegradable solutions, using a nano sized reagent together with bentonite as trapping agents for the biological and chemical contaminants. Bentonite-supported nanoparticles of Cu, TiO2, and Ag were successfully synthesized and dispersed in a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/glycerol (GLY) aqueous solution. The decontamination effectiveness of the proposed solutions was evaluated by qualitative and quantitative analytical techniques on various micro-organisms, with sulfur mustard (HD) and dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) as contaminants. The results indicate that the peelable active nanocomposite films can be successfully used on contaminated surfaces to neutralize and entrap the hazardous materials and their degradation products. Mechanical and thermal characterization of the polymeric films was also performed to validate the decontamination solution’s potential as peelable-film generating materials. The removal efficacy from the contaminated surfaces for the tested micro-organisms varied between 93% and 97%, while for the chemical agent HD, the highest decontamination factor obtained was 90.89%. DMMP was almost completely removed from the contaminated surfaces, and a decontamination factor of 99.97% was obtained.

Nanosecond laser-induced breakdown assisted by femtosecond laser pre-ionization in air: the effect on spatial resolution and continuous radiation

2020 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 20701
Author(s):  
Bo Li ◽  
Xiaofeng Li ◽  
Zhifeng Zhu ◽  
Qiang Gao
Keyword(s):  
Femtosecond Laser ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Nanosecond Laser ◽  
Breakdown Threshold ◽  
Powerful Technique ◽  
Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Continuous Radiation ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a powerful technique for quantitative diagnostics of gases. The spatial resolution of LIBS, however, is limited by the volume of plasma. Here femtosecond-nanosecond dual-pulsed LIBS was demonstrated. Using this method, the breakdown threshold was reduced by 80%, and decay of continuous radiation was shortened. In addition, the volume of the plasma was shrunk by 85% and hence, the spatial resolution of LIBS was significantly improved.

NEUROLOGICAL FEATURES IN CHILDREN AND DIPHENYLARSINIC ACID PROBABLY DERIVED FROM CHEMICAL WARFARE AGENTS

2006 ◽  
Vol 37 (S 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
N Iwasaki ◽  
S Miyamoto ◽  
K Ishii ◽  
T Takeda ◽  
T Ohto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Warfare Agents ◽  
Chemical Warfare ◽  
Warfare Agents ◽  
Neurological Features
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