Aromatic hydrocarbon production by catalytic pyrolysis of palm kernel shell waste using a bifunctional Fe/HBeta catalyst: effect of lignin-derived phenolics on zeolite deactivation

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 1684-1693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pouya Sirous Rezaei ◽  
Hoda Shafaghat ◽  
Wan Mohd Ashri Wan Daud
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Pyrolysis ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Acid Sites ◽  
Hydrocarbon Production ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Shell Waste ◽  
Biomass Materials ◽  
Catalyst Effect ◽  
High Lignin Content

Lignin-derived phenolics are tightly bound with zeolite acid sites, and act as coke precursors. A bifunctional Fe/HBeta catalyst is efficient for upgrading of biomass materials with high lignin content.

Catalytic pyrolysis of palm kernel shell waste in a fluidized bed

2014 ◽  
Vol 167 ◽  
pp. 425-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung Won Kim ◽  
Bon Seok Koo ◽  
Dong Hyun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Catalytic Pyrolysis ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Shell Waste

Preparation of Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Catalytic Pyrolysis of Microalgae/Palm Kernel Shell Using PKS Biochar-Based Catalysts

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 379-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongchao Wang ◽  
Guozhang Chang ◽  
Pengyu Qi ◽  
Xiao Li ◽  
Qingjie Guo
Keyword(s):  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Catalytic Pyrolysis ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell

scholarly journals SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION: COMPOSITE OF GRAPHENE OXIDE BASED PALM KERNEL SHELL WASTE WITH FE3O4

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Bernadeta Ayu Widyaningrum ◽  
Dita Apriani ◽  
Putri Amanda ◽  
Ismadi Ismadi ◽  
Sutanto Sutanto
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrum ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Shell Waste ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Co Precipitation

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION: COMPOSITE OF GRAPHENE OXIDE BASED PALM KERNEL SHELL WASTE WITH Fe3O4. In this study, GO-Fe3O4 were fabricated by co-precipitation technique and the graphene oxide (GO) were synthesized from an agricultural biomass, palm kernel shell, via Hummer’s method. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive Spectrum (FESEM-EDS), Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD), and Raman spectroscopy were used to analysis the successful attachment of Fe3O4 onto the surface of GO. Morphology observation showed that Fe3O4 were heterogeneously deposited on the surface of GO. FT-IR spectra shows peak that incorporated to oxygenated functional groups and sharp peak at 586 cm-1 confirmed to lattice absorption of Fe3O4. The percentage of composition of GO-Fe3O4 was characterized by energy dispersive spectroscopy and the results also confirmed in XRD exhibits similar properties with JCPDS 19-0629 for magnetite more dominant than GO. From Raman spectroscopy analysis shows that 1343.82 cm-1 (D-band) and 1584.62 cm-1 (G-band) and 2698 cm-1 (2D-band) indicates GO and GO-Fe3O4 were successfully synthesized.

Phenol preparation from catalytic pyrolysis of palm kernel shell at low temperatures

2018 ◽  
Vol 253 ◽  
pp. 214-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guozhang Chang ◽  
Peng Miao ◽  
Ximin Yan ◽  
Guijin Wang ◽  
Qingjie Guo
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Catalytic Pyrolysis ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell

scholarly journals Processing and Characterization of Activated Carbon from Coconut Shell and Palm Kernel Shell Waste by H3PO4 Activation

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-104
Author(s):  
A. Nyamful ◽  
E. K. Nyogbe ◽  
L. Mohammed ◽  
M. N. Zainudeen ◽  
S. A. Darkwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Time Scanning ◽  
Shell Waste ◽  
H3po4 Activation ◽  
Characterization Of Activated Carbon

Palm kernel shell and coconut shell are used as a precursor for the production of activated carbon, a way of mitigating the tons of waste produced in Ghana. The raw Palm kernel shell and coconut shell were activated chemically using H3PO4. A maximum activated carbon yield of 26.3 g was obtained for Palm kernel shell and 22.9 g for coconut shell at 400oC, an impregnation ratio of 1.2 and 1-hour carbonization time. Scanning electron microscopy reveals well-developed cavities of the H3PO4 activated coconut shell and Palm kernel shell compared to the non-activated carbon. Iodine number of 743.02 mg/g and 682.11 mg/g, a porosity of 0.31 and 0.49 and the electrical conductivity of 2010 μS/cm and 778 μS /cm were obtained for the AC prepared from the coconut shell and Palm kernel shell respectively. The results of this work show that high-quality activated carbon can be manufactured locally from coconut shell and Palm kernel shell waste, and a scale-up of this production will go a long way to reduce the tons of coconut shell and Palm kernel shell waste generated in the country.

Bio-Oil Production under Sub- and Supercritical Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch and Kernel Shell

2014 ◽  
Vol 625 ◽  
pp. 881-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Herng Chan ◽  
Suzana Yusup ◽  
Armando T. Quitain ◽  
Yoshimitsu Uemura
Keyword(s):  
Supercritical Water ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Hydrothermal Liquefaction ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Supercritical Conditions ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Oil Palm Biomass

Two types of Malaysian oil palm biomass; namely Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) and Palm Kernel Shell (PKS) are liquefied using sub-and supercritical water to produce bio-oil. Effects of temperatures (360, 390 and 450 °C) and pressures (25, 30 and 35 MPa) of the liquefaction of biomass on the bio-oil yields are investigated. The optimum liquefaction conditions for EFB and PKS using water are at supercritical conditions. PKS which consists of higher lignin content yields maximum bio-oil of about 41.3 wt % at temperature of 450 °C and the bio-oil yield from EFB is about 37.4 wt % at temperature of 390 °C.

Suppression of coke formation and enhancement of aromatic hydrocarbon production in catalytic fast pyrolysis of cellulose over different zeolites: effects of pore structure and acidity

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (80) ◽  
pp. 65408-65414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pouya Sirous Rezaei ◽  
Hoda Shafaghat ◽  
Wan Mohd Ashri Wan Daud
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Pyrolysis ◽  
Pore Space ◽  
Coke Formation ◽  
Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
Acid Sites ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Hydrocarbon Production ◽  
Biomass Feedstocks ◽  
Pyrolysis Of Biomass ◽  
Internal Pore

In catalytic pyrolysis of biomass feedstocks over zeolites, larger catalyst pores result in lower thermal coke. Besides, catalytic coke formation is suppressed by a small internal pore space or low density of acid sites.

scholarly journals Catalytic pyrolysis of hemicellulose to produce aromatic hydrocarbons

BioResources ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 5816-5831
Author(s):  
Yi Yang ◽  
Zhongyang Luo ◽  
Simin Li ◽  
Kongyu Lu ◽  
Wenbo Wang
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbon ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Catalytic Pyrolysis ◽  
Shape Selectivity ◽  
Acid Sites ◽  
Zeolite Catalysts ◽  
Hydrocarbon Production ◽  
Monocyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Catalytic fast pyrolysis of hemicellulose with zeolite catalysts is a promising method to produce aromatic hydrocarbons (Carlson et al. 2009). In this paper, the behavior of hemicellulose catalytic pyrolysis with HZSM-5 (with three different silica to alumina ratio, 23, 50, 80), HY, and Hβ was studied. Pyrolysis vapor was separated into non-condensable vapors and condensable fractions. The fractions were qualified and quantified by a gas chromatography / flame ionization detector (GC/FID) system and a gas chromatography / mass spectrometer (GC/MS) system, respectively. The influences of catalysts and pyrolysis parameters were studied. Among the catalysts, HZSM-5(23) provided the desired acidity and shape selectivity for aromatic hydrocarbon production. A higher catalyst to hemicellulose ratio (CHR) and higher heating rate resulted in a higher aromatic hydrocarbon yield. The most suitable pyrolysis temperature for hemicellulose with HZSM-5 was 650 °C. During catalytic pyrolysis, thermal decomposition products underwent deoxygenation reactions promoted by the acid sites on the zeolite. The C2-C4 deoxygenated products produced monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (MAH) by shape-selective catalysis reactions in zeolite pores. With higher temperatures and higher residence times, monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons facilitated cyclization reactions with C2-C4 deoxygenated products, thereby forming polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH).

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