Single-molecule insight into Wurtz reactions on metal surfaces

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 2730-2735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Sun ◽  
Liangliang Cai ◽  
Yuanqi Ding ◽  
Honghong Ma ◽  
Chunxue Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Molecule ◽  
Systematic Study ◽  
Metal Surfaces ◽  
Insight Into

We have performed a systematic study of Wurtz reactions on different metal surfaces and compared their different activities.

scholarly journals Dynamics of Tpm1.8 domains on actin filaments with single molecule resolution

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilina Bareja ◽  
Hugo Wioland ◽  
Miro Janco ◽  
Philip R. Nicovich ◽  
Antoine Jégou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Actin Filament ◽  
Single Molecule ◽  
Actin Filaments ◽  
High Probability ◽  
Actin Binding ◽  
Single Molecule Level ◽  
Filament Dynamics ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Insight Into

ABSTRACTTropomyosins regulate dynamics and functions of the actin cytoskeleton by forming long chains along the two strands of actin filaments that act as gatekeepers for the binding of other actin-binding proteins. The fundamental molecular interactions underlying the binding of tropomyosin to actin are still poorly understood. Using microfluidics and fluorescence microscopy, we observed the binding of fluorescently labelled tropomyosin isoform Tpm1.8 to unlabelled actin filaments in real time. This approach in conjunction with mathematical modeling enabled us to quantify the nucleation, assembly and disassembly kinetics of Tpm1.8 on single filaments and at the single molecule level. Our analysis suggests that Tpm1.8 decorates the two strands of the actin filament independently. Nucleation of a growing tropomyosin domain proceeds with high probability as soon as the first Tpm1.8 molecule is stabilised by the addition of a second molecule, ultimately leading to full decoration of the actin filament. In addition, Tpm1.8 domains are asymmetrical, with enhanced dynamics at the edge oriented towards the barbed end of the actin filament. The complete description of Tpm1.8 kinetics on actin filaments presented here provides molecular insight into actin-tropomyosin filament formation and the role of tropomyosins in regulating actin filament dynamics.

scholarly journals Single-molecule imaging of translational output from individual RNA granules in neurons

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 918-929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vedakumar Tatavarty ◽  
Marius F. Ifrim ◽  
Mikhail Levin ◽  
George Korza ◽  
Elisa Barbarese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Molecule ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Fragile X ◽  
Single Molecule Imaging ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Temporal Regulation ◽  
Rna Granules ◽  
Mental Retardation Protein ◽  
Insight Into

Dendritic RNAs are localized and translated in RNA granules. Here we use single-molecule imaging to count the number of RNA molecules in each granule and to record translation output from each granule using Venus fluorescent protein as a reporter. For RNAs encoding activity-regulated cytoskeletal-associated protein (ARC) or fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), translation events are spatially clustered near individual granules, and translational output from individual granules is either sporadic or bursty. The probability of bursty translation is greater for Venus-FMRP RNA than for Venus-ARC RNA and is increased in Fmr1-knockout neurons compared to wild-type neurons. Dihydroxyphenylglycine (DHPG) increases the rate of sporadic translation and decreases bursty translation for Venus-FMRP and Venus-ARC RNAs. Single-molecule imaging of translation in individual granules provides new insight into molecular, spatial, and temporal regulation of translation in granules.

scholarly journals Single-molecule, full-length transcript sequencing provides insight into the extreme metabolism of the ruby-throated hummingbird Archilochus colubris

GigaScience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachael E Workman ◽  
Alexander M Myrka ◽  
G William Wong ◽  
Elizabeth Tseng ◽  
Kenneth C Welch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Molecule ◽  
Full Length ◽  
Full Length Transcript ◽  
Insight Into

Super-resolution fluorescent materials: an insight into design and bioimaging applications

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (17) ◽  
pp. 4651-4667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhigang Yang ◽  
Amit Sharma ◽  
Jing Qi ◽  
Xiao Peng ◽  
Dong Yeop Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Molecule ◽  
Super Resolution ◽  
Fluorescent Imaging ◽  
Organic Fluorophores ◽  
Biological Targets ◽  
Fluorescent Materials ◽  
Microscopy Techniques ◽  
Insight Into

With the emerging of super-resolution fluorescent imaging microscopy techniques, biological targets below 200 nm in size are successful to be localized clearly and precisely with unprecedented details. In this tutorial review, the fluorescent materials, including organic fluorophores and nanomaterials, utilized in STED, single molecule localized microscopy (PALM/STORM) and SOFI microscopies, together with their working principles are mainly discussed.

The Challenge of Thermal Deposition of Coordination Compounds: Insight into the Case of an Fe4 Single Molecule Magnet

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (21) ◽  
pp. 7693-7702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria Lanzilotto ◽  
Luigi Malavolti ◽  
Silviya Ninova ◽  
Irene Cimatti ◽  
Lorenzo Poggini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Molecule ◽  
Coordination Compounds ◽  
Thermal Deposition ◽  
Single Molecule Magnet ◽  
Insight Into

scholarly journals Learning The Knowledge: How London Taxi Drivers Build Their Cognitive Map of London

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva-Maria Griesbauer ◽  
Ed Manley ◽  
Jan M Wiener ◽  
Hugo J Spiers
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
General Population ◽  
Systematic Study ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Matter Density ◽  
Street Network ◽  
Taxi Drivers ◽  
Points Of Interest ◽  
Key Steps ◽  
Insight Into

Licenced London taxi drivers have been found to show changes in the grey matter density of their hippocampus over the course of training and decades of navigation in London (UK). This has been linked to their learning and using of the Knowledge of London, the names and layout of over 26,000 streets and thousands of points of interest in London. Here we examined the process of how this knowledge is acquired and we detail key steps that include: systematic study of maps, travel on selected overlapping routes, the mental visualisation of places and the optimal use of subgoals. We provide the first map of the street network covered by the routes used to learn, allowing insight into where gaps in the network exist. The methods could be widely applied to aid spatial learning in the general population and may provide insights for artificial intelligence (AI) systems to efficiently learn new environments.

scholarly journals High-throughput identification of RNA nuclear enrichment sequences

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chinmay J Shukla ◽  
Alexandra L McCorkindale ◽  
Chiara Gerhardinger ◽  
Keegan D Korthauer ◽  
Moran N Cabili ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Regulation ◽  
Nuclear Localization ◽  
Single Molecule ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Massively Parallel ◽  
Reporter Assay ◽  
Sequence Elements ◽  
Massively Parallel Reporter Assay ◽  
Insight Into

SummaryOne of the biggest surprises since the sequencing of the human genome has been the discovery of thousands of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs)1–6. Although lncRNAs and mRNAs are similar in many ways, they differ with lncRNAs being more nuclear-enriched and in several cases exclusively nuclear7,8. Yet, the RNA-based sequences that determine nuclear localization remain poorly understood9–11. Towards the goal of systematically dissecting the lncRNA sequences that impart nuclear localization, we developed a massively parallel reporter assay (MPRA). Unlike previous MPRAs12–15 that determine motifs important for transcriptional regulation, we have modified this approach to identify sequences sufficient for RNA nuclear enrichment for 38 human lncRNAs. Using this approach, we identified 109 unique, conserved nuclear enrichment regions, originating from 29 distinct lncRNAs. We also discovered two shorter motifs within our nuclear enrichment regions. We further validated the sufficiency of several regions to impart nuclear localization by single molecule RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (smRNA-FISH). Taken together, these results provide a first systematic insight into the sequence elements responsible for the nuclear enrichment of lncRNA molecules.

scholarly journals A Pragma-Dialectical Study of Advertising Discourse: Take Melatonin Advertisements as Case Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
Fan Feng
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Study ◽  
Critical Discussion ◽  
Deep Insight ◽  
Ideal Model ◽  
Advertising Discourse ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Fundamental Objective ◽  
The Ideal

<p align="LEFT">The fundamental objective of advertising</p><p align="LEFT">discourse is to persuade target audiences to</p><p align="LEFT">accept and purchase the advertised product,</p><p align="LEFT">thus in essence, persuasiveness is crucial</p><p align="LEFT">characteristic of advertising discourse. Actually,</p><p align="LEFT">successful persuasion usually involves</p><p align="LEFT">argumentativeness. Drawing on the research</p><p align="LEFT">framework of Pragma-Dialectics, this paper</p><p align="LEFT">attempts to explore a pragma-dialectical</p><p align="LEFT">approach to advertisement discourse on the</p><p align="LEFT">basis of the ideal model of critical discussion.</p><p align="LEFT">This approach involves two interrelated parts:</p><p align="LEFT">argumentative reconstruction and strategic</p><p align="LEFT">maneuvering analysis. Taking the case of</p><p align="LEFT">Melatonin advertisements, the pragma-dialectical</p><p align="LEFT">approach can show the argumentativeness of</p><p align="LEFT">advertisement discourse to a great extent and</p><p align="LEFT">meanwhile reveals advertisers’ manipulation of</p><p align="LEFT">dialectical reasonableness and rhetorical</p><p align="LEFT">effectiveness. Therefore, the pragma-dialectical</p><p align="LEFT">approach can not only give a deep insight into</p><p>persuasiveness and argumentativeness of</p><p align="LEFT">advertising discourse, but also provides a</p><p align="LEFT">theoretical guidance for advertisers to skilfully</p><p align="LEFT">employ dialectical strategies in advertising</p><p align="LEFT">discourse. Consequently, such approach can</p><p align="LEFT">offer a new perspective for comprehensive and</p><p>systematic study of advertisement discourse.</p>

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