From linear to cyclic oligoparaphenylenes: electronic and molecular changes traced in the vibrational Raman spectra and reformulation of the bond length alternation pattern

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (17) ◽  
pp. 11683-11692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Peña-Alvarez ◽  
Lili Qiu ◽  
Mercedes Taravillo ◽  
Valentín G. Baonza ◽  
M. Carmen Ruiz Delgado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bond Length ◽  
Raman Spectra ◽  
Bond Length Alternation ◽  
Molecular Changes ◽  
Alternation Pattern

Linear versus cyclic π-electron conjugation is discussed in oligoparaphenylenes.

A New Class of Cyanine-like Dyes with Large Bond-Length Alternation

2009 ◽  
Vol 131 (17) ◽  
pp. 6099-6101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shino Ohira ◽  
Joel M. Hales ◽  
Karl J. Thorley ◽  
Harry L. Anderson ◽  
Joseph W. Perry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bond Length ◽  
Bond Length Alternation ◽  
New Class

scholarly journals An investigation of the interrelationships between linear and nonlinear polarizabilities and bond-length alternation in conjugated organic molecules

1993 ◽  
Vol 90 (23) ◽  
pp. 11297-11301 ◽  
Author(s):  
C B Gorman ◽  
S R Marder
Keyword(s):  
Bond Length ◽  
Organic Molecules ◽  
Computational Method ◽  
Bond Length Alternation ◽  
Conjugated Molecules ◽  
Conjugated Organic Molecules ◽  
Alpha Beta ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Observable Parameter

A computational method was devised to explore the relationship of charge separation, geometry, molecular dipole moment (mu), polarizability (alpha), and hyperpolariz-abilities (beta, gamma) in conjugated organic molecules. We show that bond-length alternation (the average difference in length between single and double bonds in the molecule) is a key structurally observable parameter that can be correlated with hyperpolarizabilities and is thus relevant to the optimization of molecules and materials. By using this method, the relationship of bond-length alternation, mu, alpha, beta, and gamma for linear conjugated molecules is illustrated, and those molecules with maximized alpha, beta, and gamma are described.

Bond length alternation and aromaticity in large annulenes

1998 ◽  
Vol 108 (16) ◽  
pp. 6681-6688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheol Ho Choi ◽  
Miklos Kertesz
Keyword(s):  
Bond Length ◽  
Bond Length Alternation

Approximate Molecular Orbital Theory: The Hückel/Tight-binding Model

2020 ◽  
pp. 231-245
Author(s):  
Jochen Autschbach
Keyword(s):  
Bond Length ◽  
Molecular Orbital ◽  
Tight Binding ◽  
Molecular Orbital Theory ◽  
Orbital Theory ◽  
Bond Length Alternation ◽  
Binding Model ◽  
Linear Polyenes ◽  
Benzene Structure ◽  
Cyclic Polyenes

Huckel molecular orbital (HMO) theory is a simple approximate parameterized molecular orbital (MO) theory that has been very successful in organic chemistry and other fields. This chapter introduces the approximations made in HMO theory, and then treats as examples ethane, hetratriene and other linear polyenes, and benzene and other cyclic polyenes. The pi binding energy of benzene is particularly large according to HMO theory, rationalizing the special ‘aromatic’ behaviour of benzene. But there is a lot more to benzene than that. It is shown that the pi bond framework of benzene would rather prefer a structure with alternating single and double C-C bonds, rather than the actually observed 6-fold symmetric structure where all C-C bonds are equivalent. The observed benzene structure is a result of a delicate balance between the tendencies of the pi framework to create bond length alternation, and the sigma framework to resist bond length alternation.

scholarly journals The Ultrafast Photoisomerizations of Rhodopsin and Bathorhodopsin Are Modulated by Bond Length Alternation and HOOP Driven Electronic Effects

2011 ◽  
Vol 133 (10) ◽  
pp. 3354-3364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Schapiro ◽  
Mikhail Nikolaevich Ryazantsev ◽  
Luis Manuel Frutos ◽  
Nicolas Ferré ◽  
Roland Lindh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bond Length ◽  
Electronic Effects ◽  
Bond Length Alternation

scholarly journals Coordination compounds containing bis-dithiolene-chelated molybdenum(IV) and oxalate: comparison of terminal with bridging oxalate

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (8) ◽  
pp. 1202-1207
Author(s):  
Agata Gapinska ◽  
Alan J. Lough ◽  
Ulrich Fekl
Keyword(s):  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Bond Length ◽  
Coordination Compounds ◽  
Bond Length Alternation ◽  
Acta Cryst ◽  
Oxalate Ligand ◽  
Length Determination ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Complex Anions ◽  
Rare Opportunity

Two coordination compounds containing tetra-n-butylammonium cations and bis-tfd-chelated molybdenum(IV) [tfd2− = S2C2(CF3)2 2−] and oxalate (ox2−, C2O4 2−) in complex anions are reported, namely bis(tetra-n-butylammonium) bis(1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobut-2-ene-2,3-dithiolato)oxalatomolybdate(IV)–chloroform–oxalic acid (1/1/1), (C16H36N)2[Mo(C4F6S2)2(C2O4)]·CHCl3·C2H2O4 or (N n Bu4)2[Mo(tfd)2(ox)]·CHCl3·C2H2O4, and bis(tetra-n-butylammonium) μ-oxalato-bis[bis(1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobut-2-ene-2,3-dithiolato)molybdate(IV)], (C16H36N)2[Mo2(C4F6S2)4(C2O4)] or (N n Bu4)2[(tfd)2Mo(μ-ox)Mo(tfd)2]. They contain a terminal oxalate ligand in the first compound and a bridging oxalate ligand in the second compound. Anion 1 2− is [Mo(tfd)2(ox)]2− and anion 2 2−, formally generated by adding a Mo(tfd)2 fragment onto 1 2−, is [(tfd)2Mo(μ-ox)Mo(tfd)2]2−. The crystalline material containing 1 2− is (N n Bu4)2-1·CHCl3·oxH2, while the material containing 2 2− is (N n Bu4)2-2. Anion 2 2− lies across an inversion centre. The complex anions afford a rare opportunity to compare terminal oxalate with bridging oxalate, coordinated to the same metal fragment, here (tfd)2MoIV. C—O bond-length alternation is observed for the terminal oxalate ligand in 1 2−: the difference between the C—O bond length involving the metal-coordinating O atom and the C—O bond length involving the uncoordinating O atom is 0.044 (12) Å. This bond-length alternation is significant but is smaller than the bond-length alternation observed for oxalic acid in the co-crystallized oxalic acid in (N n Bu4)2-1·CHCl3·oxH2, where a difference (for C=O versus C—OH) of 0.117 (14) Å was observed. In the bridging oxalate ligand in 2 2−, the C—O bond lengths are equalized, within the error margin of one bond-length determination (0.006 Å). It is concluded that oxalic acid contains a localized π-system in its carboxylic acid groups, that the bridging oxalate ligand in 2 2− contains a delocalized π-system and that the terminal oxalate ligand in 1 2− contains an only partially localized π-system. In (N n Bu4)2-1·CHCl3·oxH2, the F atoms of two of the –CF3 groups in 1 2− are disordered over two sets of sites, as are the N and eight of the C atoms of one of the N n Bu4 cations. In (N n Bu4)2-2, the whole of the unique N n Bu4 + cation is disordered over two sets of sites. Also, in (N n Bu4)2-2, a region of disordered electron density was treated with the SQUEEZE routine in PLATON [Spek (2015). Acta Cryst. C71, 9–18].

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