Cross-linked supramolecular polymer metallogels constructed via a self-sorting strategy and their multiple stimulus-response behaviors

2015 ◽  
Vol 51 (94) ◽  
pp. 16813-16816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu-Qing Wang ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Guang-Qiang Yin ◽  
Yu-Xuan Wang ◽  
Chang-Wei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Supramolecular Polymer ◽  
Stimulus Response ◽  
Multiple Stimulus ◽  
External Stimuli ◽  
Response Behaviors

Novel cross-linked supramolecular polymer metallogels were successfully constructed from four components via a self-sorting strategy, and feature interesting multiple stimulus-response behaviors under various external stimuli, including halide, base, and competitive guests.

scholarly journals Somatosensory perception–action binding in Tourette syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Friedrich ◽  
Henriette Spaleck ◽  
Ronja Schappert ◽  
Maximilian Kleimaker ◽  
Julius Verrel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Main Hypothesis ◽  
Stimulus Response ◽  
Cognitive Framework ◽  
Tactile Stimuli ◽  
Stimulus Saliency ◽  
Somatosensory Stimulus ◽  
Visual Domain ◽  
External Stimuli ◽  
Perception Action

AbstractIt is a common phenomenon that somatosensory sensations can trigger actions to alleviate experienced tension. Such “urges” are particularly relevant in patients with Gilles de la Tourette (GTS) syndrome since they often precede tics, the cardinal feature of this common neurodevelopmental disorder. Altered sensorimotor integration processes in GTS as well as evidence for increased binding of stimulus- and response-related features (“hyper-binding”) in the visual domain suggest enhanced perception–action binding also in the somatosensory modality. In the current study, the Theory of Event Coding (TEC) was used as an overarching cognitive framework to examine somatosensory-motor binding. For this purpose, a somatosensory-motor version of a task measuring stimulus–response binding (S-R task) was tested using electro-tactile stimuli. Contrary to the main hypothesis, there were no group differences in binding effects between GTS patients and healthy controls in the somatosensory-motor paradigm. Behavioral data did not indicate differences in binding between examined groups. These data can be interpreted such that a compensatory “downregulation” of increased somatosensory stimulus saliency, e.g., due to the occurrence of somatosensory urges and hypersensitivity to external stimuli, results in reduced binding with associated motor output, which brings binding to a “normal” level. Therefore, “hyper-binding” in GTS seems to be modality-specific.

Physiologic Adaptation by Means of Antagonistic Dynamics

2011 ◽  
pp. 3086-3092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juergen Perl
Keyword(s):  
Response Model ◽  
Input Stimulus ◽  
Mental Work ◽  
Biochemical Adaptation ◽  
Behavioral Systems ◽  
Stimulus Response ◽  
Future Performance ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
External Stimuli ◽  
Gathering Data

In particular in technical contexts, information systems and analysing techniques help a lot for gathering data and making information available. Regarding dynamic behavioral systems like athletes or teams in sports, however, the situation is difficult: data from training and competition do not give much information about current and future performance without an appropriate model of interaction and adaptation. Physiologic adaptation is one major aspect of targetoriented behavior, in physical training as well as in mental learning. In a simplified way it can be described by a stimulus- response-model, where external stimuli change situation or status of an organism and so cause activities in order to adapt. This aspect can appear in quite different dimensions like individual biochemical adaptation that needs only milliseconds up to selection of the fittest of a species, which can last millions of years. Well-known examples can be taken from learning processes or other mental work as well as from sport and exercising. Most of those examples are characterized by a phenomenon that we call antagonism: The input stimulus causes two contradicting responses, which control each other and – by balancing out – finally enable to reach a given target. For example, the move of a limb is controlled by antagonistic groups of muscles, and the result of a game is controlled by the efforts of competing teams. In order to understand and eventually improve such adaptation, models are necessary that make the processes transparent and help for simulating dynamics like for example, the increase of heart rate as an reaction of speeding up in jogging. With such models it becomes possible not only to analyze past processes but also to predict and schedule indented future ones. In the Background section, main aspects of modeling antagonistic adaptation systems are briefly discussed, which is followed by a more detailed description of the developed PerPot-model and a number of examples of application in the Main Focus section.

scholarly journals Smart Actuators Based on External Stimulus Response

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qinchao Zheng ◽  
Chenxue Xu ◽  
Zhenlin Jiang ◽  
Min Zhu ◽  
Chen Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Materials ◽  
Artificial Muscles ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Stimulus Response ◽  
Artificial Materials ◽  
Smart Actuators ◽  
Integrated Devices ◽  
Application Fields ◽  
External Stimuli

Smart actuators refer to integrated devices that are composed of smart and artificial materials, and can provide actuation and dampening capabilities in response to single/multi external stimuli (such as light, heat, magnetism, electricity, humidity, and chemical reactions). Due to their capability of dynamically sensing and interaction with complex surroundings, smart actuators have attracted increasing attention in different application fields, such as artificial muscles, smart textiles, smart sensors, and soft robots. Among these intelligent material, functional hydrogels with fiber structure are of great value in the manufacture of smart actuators. In this review, we summarized the recent advances in stimuli-responsive actuators based on functional materials. We emphasized the important role of functional nano-material-based additives in the preparation of the stimulus response materials, then analyzed the driving response medium, the preparation method, and the performance of different stimuli responses in detail. In addition, some challenges and future prospects of smart actuators are reported.

A supramolecular polymer network gel with stimuli-responsiveness constructed by orthogonal metal ion coordination and pillar[5]arene-based host–guest recognition

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (25) ◽  
pp. 3783-3787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuezhou Liu ◽  
Liqing Shangguan ◽  
Hu Wang ◽  
Danyu Xia ◽  
Bingbing Shi
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ion ◽  
Polymer Network ◽  
Supramolecular Polymer ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
External Stimuli

A novel external stimuli-responsive supramolecular polymer network gel was fabricated by orthogonal Ag-coordination and pillar[5]arene-based host–guest interactions.

Impairments of response conflict monitoring and resolution in schizophrenia

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 1251-1260 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. YÜCEL ◽  
C. VOLKER ◽  
A. COLLIE ◽  
P. MARUFF ◽  
J. DANCKERT ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Times ◽  
Flanker Task ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Conflict Monitoring ◽  
Schizophrenia Group ◽  
Multiple Stimulus ◽  
Attentional Shifts ◽  
Attentional Dysfunction ◽  
The Subject ◽  
External Stimuli

Background. It has been argued recently that the attentional dysfunction in schizophrenia occurs as a result of an inability to inhibit automatic attentional shifts to compelling external stimuli. However, this hypothesis is based on performance on paradigms that require overt or covert shifts of spatial attention.Method. We investigated responses to foveally presented stimuli in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls as they performed unidimensional and bidimensional versions of the flanker task. In both tasks, centrally presented target stimuli were flanked by peripheral stimuli that were either congruent or incongruent with the behavioural goal of the subject. In the bidimensional task, the flanking stimuli could be congruent and incongruent on multiple stimulus characteristics.Results. On the unidimensional flanker task, the behavioural goal modulated the responses of the schizophrenia group such that response times (RTs) to target stimuli that were flanked by congruent stimuli were faster than RTs to target stimuli flanked by incongruent stimuli. However, on the bidimensional flanker task, the responses of schizophrenia patients were no longer constrained by the behavioural goal and RTs to both congruent and incongruent stimuli were equivalent.Conclusions. It appears that the attentional dysfunction in schizophrenia may reflect difficulty in resolving multiple and simultaneous response conflicts. These findings suggest a possible role for the anterior cingulate cortex in the attentional impairments associated with schizophrenia.

scholarly journals Why sensory neurons are tuned to multiple stimulus features

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew V. Macellaio ◽  
Bing Liu ◽  
Jeffrey M. Beck ◽  
Leslie C. Osborne
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Movement Behavior ◽  
Sensory Stimuli ◽  
Stimulus Response ◽  
Pursuit Eye Movements ◽  
Multiple Stimulus ◽  
Computational Advantage ◽  
Information Advantage ◽  
Stimulus Features ◽  
The Brain

Many sensory neurons encode information about more than one stimulus feature. Multidimensional tuning increases ambiguity in stimulus-response relationships, but we find that it also offers an unexpected computational advantage, allowing the brain to better reconstruct sensory stimuli. From the responses of sensory neurons, populations, and sensory-driven movement behavior, more information can be recovered about a stimulus vector than about its individual components. We term this coding advantage “stimulus synergy” and show that it is distinct from other coding synergies, arising from inseparability of the response-conditioned stimulus distribution along individual stimulus dimensions. From extracellular recordings in motion sensitive cortex and measurements of pursuit eye movements, we demonstrate that stimulus synergy in cortical populations is preserved downstream in the precision of pursuit, and that a common decoding model predicts the level of synergy in pursuit behavior. This suggests that the brain exploits the information advantage afforded by multidimensional sensory tuning.

Self-assembly of multiple stimulus response copolymer by ATRP in different media

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Xilai Zhou ◽  
Yazhen Wang ◽  
Hanwen Xin ◽  
Shaobo Dong ◽  
Tianyu Lan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Stimulus Response ◽  
Multiple Stimulus

Bio-inspired self-healing polyurethanes with multiple stimulus responsiveness

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (24) ◽  
pp. 3362-3370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhijun Yang ◽  
Fenfen Wang ◽  
Chi Zhang ◽  
Jian Li ◽  
Rongchun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Stimuli Responsive Polymers ◽  
Responsive Polymers ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Multiple Stimulus ◽  
External Stimuli

High-performance stimuli-responsive polymers that exhibit spontaneous, sophisticated and reversible responses to a wide range of external stimuli are reported, adapting a stimuli-responsive dynamic covalent chemical crosslinker and a biomimetic modular polymer design.

scholarly journals Supramolecular Polymer Nanocomposites for Biomedical Applications

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 513
Author(s):  
Xiumei Li ◽  
Wanjia Xu ◽  
Yue Xin ◽  
Jiawei Yuan ◽  
Yuancheng Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Nanocomposites ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Metal Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Supramolecular Polymer ◽  
Biomedical Materials ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Metal Metal ◽  
Innovative Materials ◽  
Carbon Based Nanomaterials ◽  
External Stimuli

Polymer nanocomposites, a class of innovative materials formed by polymer matrixes and nanoscaled fillers (e.g., carbon-based nanomaterials, inorganic/semiconductor nanoparticles, metal/metal-oxide nanoparticles, polymeric nanostructures, etc.), display enhanced mechanical, optoelectrical, magnetic, catalytic, and bio-related characteristics, thereby finding a wide range of applications in the biomedical field. In particular, the concept of supramolecular chemistry has been introduced into polymer nanocomposites, which creates myriad “smart” biomedical materials with unique physicochemical properties and dynamic tunable structures in response to diverse external stimuli. This review aims to provide an overview of the chemical composition, morphological structures, biological functionalities, and reinforced performances of supramolecular polymer nanocomposites. Additionally, recent advances in biomedical applications such as therapeutic delivery, bioimaging, and tissue engineering are also discussed, especially their excellent properties leveraged in the development of multifunctional intelligent biomedical materials.

A Stimulus-Response and Self-Healing Supramolecular Polymer Gel Based on Host-Guest Interactions

2013 ◽  
Vol 214 (14) ◽  
pp. 1596-1601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuang Li ◽  
Hai-Yan Lu ◽  
Yun Shen ◽  
Chuan-Feng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Supramolecular Polymer ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Polymer Gel ◽  
Stimulus Response
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