Depth resolution at organic interfaces sputtered by argon gas cluster ions: the effect of energy, angle and cluster size

The Analyst ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 140 (19) ◽  
pp. 6508-6516 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Seah ◽  
S. J. Spencer ◽  
R. Havelund ◽  
I. S. Gilmore ◽  
A. G. Shard
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Size ◽  
Depth Resolution ◽  
Cluster Ions ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Organic Analysis ◽  
Argon Gas ◽  
Organic Interfaces ◽  
First Time

This paper presents, for the first time, the different operating parameters defining the best depth resolution in SIMS organic analysis.

RECOMBINATION OF OPPOSITELY CHARGED AQUEOUS CLUSTER IONS USING ELECTROSTATICALLY MERGED ION BEAMS

1996 ◽  
Vol 03 (01) ◽  
pp. 655-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. PLASTRIDGE ◽  
K.A. COWEN ◽  
D.A. WOOD ◽  
M.H. COHEN ◽  
J.V. COE
Keyword(s):  
Rate Constants ◽  
Cluster Size ◽  
Collision Energy ◽  
Relative Rate ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Cluster Ions ◽  
Charged Cluster ◽  
Relative Rate Constants ◽  
Oppositely Charged ◽  
Electrostatic Quadrupole

A new method for studying cluster-cluster interactions is introduced which involves merging mass-selected beams of oppositely charged cluster ions with an electrostatic quadrupole deflector. Recombination is monitored by measuring the rate of fast neutral production. Relative rate constants have been measured for the reaction of H 3O+( H 2 O )n+ OH −( H 2 O )m as a function of cluster size (m=n=0–3), which display a pronounced enhancement with clustering. Relative rate constants have also been measured as a function of center-of-mass collision energy for a heavily clustered reaction (n=3, m=3) and a lightly clustered reaction (n=1, m=0) revealing that clustering produces a dramatic change in the reaction mechanism.

Production and Characterization of Deposited Mono-Sized Clusters

1990 ◽  
Vol 206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald M. Cox ◽  
Barbara Kessler ◽  
Pierre Fayet ◽  
Wolfgang Eberhardt ◽  
Rex D. Sherwood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Size ◽  
Surface Coverage ◽  
Metal Clusters ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Cluster Ions ◽  
Rare Gas ◽  
Ion Sputtering ◽  
Transition Metal Clusters ◽  
X Ray

ABSTRACTUsing high energy rare gas ion sputtering of metal targets, we are able to produce nanoamps of mass selected transition metal clusters. Mono-sized cluster ions are deposited at low kinetic energy upon substrates, e.g. silica or carbon, and are then characterized using UV and x-ray photoemission. In this paper we will discuss photoemission measurements of the 4f7/2 core level energies of Au (1–5,7 atom samples) clusters deposited on silica. From such studies we are beginning to understand how electronic structure, cluster stability and mobility depend on (deposited) cluster size, surface coverage, and substrate temperature.

scholarly journals Designing Multifunctional Protective PVC Electrospun Fibers with Tunable Properties

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2086
Author(s):  
Pedro J. Rivero ◽  
Iker Rosagaray ◽  
Juan P. Fuertes ◽  
José F. Palacio ◽  
Rafael J. Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Diameter ◽  
Electrospinning Process ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Electrospun Fibers ◽  
Polymeric Precursor ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Electrospinning Technique ◽  
Coating Morphology ◽  
Hydrophobic Nature ◽  
First Time

In this work, the electrospinning technique is used for the fabrication of electrospun functional fibers with desired properties in order to show a superhydrophobic behavior. With the aim to obtain a coating with the best properties, a design of experiments (DoE) has been performed by controlling several inputs operating parameters, such as applied voltage, flow rate, and precursor polymeric concentration. In this work, the reference substrate to be coated is the aluminum alloy (60661T6), whereas the polymeric precursor is the polyvinyl chloride (PVC) which presents an intrinsic hydrophobic nature. Finally, in order to evaluate the coating morphology for the better performance, the following parameters—such as fiber diameter, surface roughness (Ra, Rq), optical properties, corrosion behavior, and wettability—have been deeply analyzed. To sum up, this is the first time that DoE has been used for the optimization of superhydrophobic or anticorrosive surfaces by using PVC precursor for the prediction of an adequate surface morphology as a function of the input operational parameters derived from electrospinning process with the aim to validate better performance.

Gas-phase reaction of CeVO5+ cluster ions with C2H4: the reactivity of cluster bonded peroxides

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (7) ◽  
pp. 3128-3135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia-Bi Ma ◽  
Jing-Heng Meng ◽  
Sheng-Gui He
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Structure ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Closed Shell ◽  
Cluster Ions ◽  
Phase Reaction ◽  
Gas Phase Reaction ◽  
Metal Oxide Clusters ◽  
Transition Metal Oxide Clusters ◽  
Hydrocarbon Molecules ◽  
First Time

The reactivity of the peroxide unit with hydrocarbon molecules on transition metal oxide clusters with a closed-shell electronic structure has been identified for the first time.

scholarly journals High depth-resolution laser ablation chemical analysis of additive-assisted Cu electroplating for microchip architectures

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 2371-2374 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Riedo ◽  
V. Grimaudo ◽  
P. Moreno-García ◽  
M. B. Neuland ◽  
M. Tulej ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Ablation ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Grain Boundary ◽  
Depth Resolution ◽  
Boundary Analysis ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Cu Electroplating ◽  
First Time ◽  
High Depth

Highly sensitive LIMS measurements allow for the first time quantitative grain boundary analysis at the nanometre regime.

Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Cluster-size Effect on Sputtering Process with Reactive Gas Cluster Ions

2005 ◽  
Vol 908 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takaaki Aoki ◽  
Jiro Matsuo
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Size Effect ◽  
Cluster Size ◽  
Incident Energy ◽  
Md Simulations ◽  
Cluster Ions ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Reactive Cluster

AbstractTo investigate the size-effect of reactive clusters on sputtering processes, we performed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of reactive cluster ions with various sizes impacting on solid targets. Various sizes of fluorine clusters, (F2)30, (F2)300 and (F2)3000, were irradiated on a Si(100) target at the same total incident energy of 6 keV. These clusters were irradiated on the same target one after another in order to reproduce real experimental conditions such as the accumulation of fluorine atoms in the target. The MD simulations of sequential cluster impacts enabled to perform various statistical analyses regarding the sputtered particles. The study of cluster size distributions showed that the sputtering process by reactive cluster ion impact has similarity with the emission from quasi-liquid materials excited to hyper-thermal conditions by ion bombardment. However, the major sputtered particles were different with each other; Si for (F2)30 (100 eV/atom), SiF2 for (F2)300 (10 eV/atom), and SiF3 for (F2)3000 (1 eV/atom). At the impact of a large size cluster with low incident energy, a large number of Si-F bondings were generated at the cluster-target interface surface, which enhances formation of volatile SiFx compounds with many fluorine atoms. In contrast, a small cluster with high kinetic energy-per-atom could cause the formation of numerous energetic surface atoms at the near surface region, which could be sputtered without being well fluoridated.

scholarly journals Reactions of H<sup>+</sup>(pyridine)<sub><i>m</i></sub>(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub><i>n</i></sub> and H<sup>+</sup>(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>1</sub>(pyridine)<sub>1</sub>(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub><i>n</i></sub> with NH<sub>3</sub>: experiments and kinetic modelling under tropospheric conditions

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 24535-24566
Author(s):  
M. J. Ryding ◽  
Å. M. Jonsson ◽  
A. S. Zatula ◽  
P. U. Andersson ◽  
E. Uggerud
Keyword(s):  
Water Clusters ◽  
Kinetic Modelling ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Cluster Ions ◽  
Rate Coefficients ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
Product Ions ◽  
Cluster Ion ◽  
First Time

Abstract. Reactions between pyridine containing water cluster ions, H+(pyridine)1(H2O)n, H+(pyridine)2(H2O)n and H+(NH3)1(pyridine)1(H2O)n (n up to 15) with NH3 have been studied experimentally using a quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer. The product ions in the reaction between H+(pyridine)m(H2O)n and NH3 have been determined for the first time. It is found that the reaction mainly leads to cluster ions of the form HH+(NH3)1(pyridine)1(H2O)n−x, with x = 1 or 2 depending on the initial size of the reacting cluster ion. For a given number of water molecules (from 5 to 15) in the cluster ion, rate coefficients are found to be slightly lower than those for protonated pure water clusters reacting with ammonia. The rate coefficients obtained from this study are used in a kinetic cluster ion model under tropospheric conditions. The results from the model suggest that cluster ions containing ammonia and more than one pyridine, picoline or lutidine molecule should dominate at ground level under typical conditions.

Cluster Formation in thin Au Films Near the Metalinsulator Transition

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 732-733
Author(s):  
E.I. Alessandrini ◽  
R.B. Laibowitz ◽  
C.R. Guarnieri ◽  
R.F. Voss ◽  
D.S. MacLachlan
Keyword(s):  
Size Distribution ◽  
Percolation Theory ◽  
Cluster Size ◽  
Cluster Formation ◽  
Insulator Transition ◽  
Analysis Program ◽  
Metal Insulator Transition ◽  
Metal Insulator ◽  
Resistivity Measurements ◽  
First Time

Recently we have reported that measurements of the cluster size distribution near the metal-insulator transition in thin cermet Al-Al2O3 films show good quantative agreement with the predictions of 2 dimensional percolation theory. In this paper, we present an investigation of thin Au films (a non-oxidizing metal) near the metal-insulator transition and correlate the structure with electrical resistivity measurements. The TEM micrographs at different film thicknesses were digitized and computer enhanced. An automatic cluster analysis program was used for the the first time to identify clusters and compile size distribution for comparison with percolation theory.

scholarly journals Standard for the Quantification of a Sterilization Effect Using an Artificial Intelligence Disinfection Robot

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (23) ◽  
pp. 7776
Author(s):  
Heeju Hong ◽  
WonKook Shin ◽  
Jieun Oh ◽  
SunWoo Lee ◽  
TaeYoung Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Navigation ◽  
High Probability ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Effect Data ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
First Time ◽  
Sterilization Effect ◽  
Radiation Angle ◽  
Moving Speed

Recent outbreaks and the worldwide spread of COVID-19 have challenged mankind with unprecedented difficulties. The introduction of autonomous disinfection robots appears to be indispensable as consistent sterilization is in desperate demand under limited manpower. In this study, we developed an autonomous navigation robot capable of recognizing objects and locations with a high probability of contamination and capable of providing quantified sterilization effects. In order to quantify the 99.9% sterilization effect of various bacterial strains, as representative contaminants with robots operated under different modules, the operating parameters of the moving speed, distance between the sample and the robot, and the radiation angle were determined. We anticipate that the sterilization effect data we obtained with our disinfection robot, to the best of our knowledge, for the first time, will serve as a type of stepping stone, leading to practical applications at various sites requiring disinfection.

scholarly journals Evolution of the charge localization process in xenon cluster ions: From tetramer to dimer cores as a function of cluster size

2002 ◽  
Vol 116 (17) ◽  
pp. 7558-7563 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Laarmann ◽  
A. Kanaev ◽  
K. von Haeften ◽  
H. Wabnitz ◽  
R. von Pietrowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Size ◽  
Cluster Ions ◽  
Charge Localization ◽  
Xenon Cluster
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