Assignment of Colletotrichum coccodes isolates into vegetative compatibility groups using infrared spectroscopy: a step towards practical application

The Analyst ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 140 (9) ◽  
pp. 3098-3106 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Salman ◽  
E. Shufan ◽  
I. Lapidot ◽  
L. Tsror ◽  
R. Moreh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Ftir Spectroscopy ◽  
Vegetative Compatibility ◽  
Colletotrichum Coccodes ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Inexpensive Method ◽  
Vegetative Compatibility Groups

FTIR spectroscopy may provide a specific, rapid, and inexpensive method for the successful classification of Colletotrichum coccodes isolates into vegetative compatibility groups.

Vegetative compatibility groups in Colletotrichum coccodes from Turkey and their aggressiveness to potato

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (8) ◽  
pp. 1735-1739 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Özer ◽  
H. Bayraktar ◽  
L. Tsror Lahkim ◽  
T. Yaman ◽  
H. Kabakcı ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Compatibility ◽  
Colletotrichum Coccodes ◽  
Vegetative Compatibility Groups

scholarly journals Variability in Morphology and Aggressiveness Among North American Vegetative Compatibility Groups of Colletotrichum coccodes

2008 ◽  
Vol 98 (8) ◽  
pp. 901-909 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Aqeel ◽  
J. S. Pasche ◽  
N. C. Gudmestad
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Vegetative Compatibility ◽  
Colletotrichum Coccodes ◽  
Inoculum Potential ◽  
Tuber Weight ◽  
Vegetative Compatibility Groups ◽  
Inoculation Methods ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Potato Foliage ◽  
Pathogenic Variability

North American isolates of Colletotrichum coccodes, representing six vegetative compatibility groups (NA-VCG), were used to study morphological and pathogenic variability. The objective was to determine if variability in conidial and microsclerotial size was related to pathogenicity. Significant differences were detected in length, width, and length/width ratios of conidia as well as in the length and width of microsclerotia among the NA-VCGs. The longest and widest conidia were produced by isolates belonging to NA-VCG1 and the largest microsclerotia were produced by isolates of NA-VCG2. Conidial and microsclerotial lengths and widths also were affected significantly by type of growth medium. There was no relationship between the size of conidia and the size of microsclerotia among the NA-VCGs studied. Conidial and microsclerotial size may affect inoculum potential and survival as isolates of NA-VCG2 have been demonstrated to occur more frequently than other NA-VCGs. Aggressiveness of 17 isolates of C. coccodes representing six NA-VCG's was studied on three potato cultivars using foliar and root inoculation methods. C. coccodes infection reduced tuber weight in all cultivars with both inoculation methods although tuber weight reductions were significantly higher following root inoculations than foliar inoculations. Pathogenic aggressiveness varied among NA-VCGs. Isolates belonging to NA-VCG2 and 3 were the least aggressive on potato foliage and isolates of NA-VCG1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 produced higher microsclerotial density on all three cultivars compared with isolates of NA-VCG6. Across inoculation methods, isolates of C. coccodes belonging to NA-VCG2 and 6 were the most aggressive based on reductions in tuber weight. Umatilla Russet was the most susceptible cultivar to C. coccodes compared to other cultivars regardless of inoculation method. These results demonstrate variability in morphology and pathogenic aggressiveness among the NA-VCGs of C. coccodes but these traits are not related.

scholarly journals Vegetative Compatibility Groups in Colletotrichum coccodes, the Causal Agent of Black Dot on Potato

2002 ◽  
Vol 92 (8) ◽  
pp. 827-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Nitzan ◽  
M. Hazanovsky ◽  
M. Tal ◽  
L. Tsror(Lahkim)
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Vegetative Compatibility ◽  
Colletotrichum Coccodes ◽  
Black Dot ◽  
Vegetative Compatibility Groups ◽  
Nit Mutants ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
Self Compatibility

Black dot of potato, caused by Colletotrichum coccodes, is a disease of growing economic importance, but the degree of genetic diversity and pathogenic differentiation among isolates is unknown. Using nitrate auxotrophic (Nit) mutants, we characterized vegetative compatibility groups (VCG) diversity for C. coccodes for 110 isolates originating from Israel, The Netherlands, and France. We recovered frequencies of nit1 and NitM mutant classes at 38.5 and 7.2%, respectively, and selected 12 isolates as tester isolates. Using these testers, we defined four multimember VCGs at 7.3, 35.5, 20.0, and 10.0% frequency in this sample. Thirty isolates (27.3% of all tested isolates) could not be assigned to any of the major groups, and showed only self-compatibility. The frequency of recovery of Nit mutant sectors was highest in isolates from VCG4, with 50.9 and 13.6% recovery for nit1 and NitM, respectively. However, we did not detect differences in the frequency of mutant classes among the three countries of origin. In pathogenicity tests, isolates from VCG3 were the most aggressive to potato, as expressed by high stem colonization levels and sclerotia density on root and crown. These results suggest that there is significant VCG diversity in this species and that this VCG diversity may be correlated with pathogenic characteristics or specialization.

scholarly journals Additional Vegetative Compatibility Groups in Colletotrichum coccodes Subpopulations from Europe and Israel

Plant Disease ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 91 (7) ◽  
pp. 805-808 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Shcolnick ◽  
A. Dinoor ◽  
L. Tsror (Lahkim)
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Vegetative Compatibility ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Colletotrichum Coccodes ◽  
Tuber Quality ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Black Dot ◽  
Damage Potential ◽  
Vegetative Compatibility Groups ◽  
Accurate Evaluation

Potato black dot, caused by Colletotrichum coccodes, damages tuber quality and may reduce yield. In previous work, four multimember vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs) have been reported. The objectives of the current study were to characterize a population of C. coccodes comprised of isolates from Israel and Northern Europe (EU/I) using VCG, and to assess the correlation between VCGs and aggressiveness of isolates on potato. A composite of 176 isolates was collected from symptomatic tissues of potato tubers or stems. A total of 6 (3.4%) isolates were characterized in VCG1; 29 (16.5%), 32 (18.2%), and 7 (4.0%) in VCG 2, 3, and 4, respectively; and 7 (4.0%), 9 (5.1%), 48 (27.3%), and 15 (8.5%) in the newly defined VCG 5, 6, 7, and 8, respectively. Twenty-three isolates (13%) were not assigned to any of the VCGs. Two of the VCGs had a specific geographical distribution: the 9 isolates assigned to VCG6 originated from The Netherlands, and 34 of 38 isolates assigned to VCG7 were from Scotland. Aggressiveness of isolates of a given VCG was examined on potato. VCGs 5 and 6 were comprised of the most aggressive isolates, and VCG1 of the least aggressive. These results could facilitate a more accurate evaluation of damage potential that may be caused by this pathogen.

scholarly journals Vegetative Compatibility Groups and Aggressiveness of North American Isolates of Colletotrichum coccodes, the Causal Agent of Potato Black Dot

Plant Disease ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 90 (10) ◽  
pp. 1287-1292 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Nitzan ◽  
L. Tsror (Lahkim) ◽  
D. A. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Average Frequency ◽  
Vegetative Compatibility ◽  
Colletotrichum Coccodes ◽  
North American Population ◽  
Black Dot ◽  
Vegetative Compatibility Groups ◽  
The North ◽  
Nit Mutants ◽  
Compatibility Group

The vegetative compatibility of 123 isolates of Colletotrichum coccodes from North America (United States and Canada) originating from potato, tomato, pepper, and mint was tested using nitrate-nonutilizing (nit) mutants. The North American isolates did not anastomose with previously selected European/Israeli vegetative compatibility group (VCG) testers; therefore, eight isolates were selected as VCG testers for the North American population. The 123 isolates distributed to seven VCGs at 1.6, 1.6, 4.0, 8.1, 13.8, 19.5, and 36.6%, with 14.6% of the isolates not assigned to any of the seven VCGs. Among the North American (NA)-VCGs, the average frequency of the nit1/nit3 nit mutants was lower (P < 0.05) for isolates belonging to NA-VCG1 than for isolates belonging to the NA-VCGs 2, 3, and 5. In contrast, the frequency of NitM nit mutants did not vary (P > 0.05) among the NA-VCGs and was collectively 5.14%. The results also indicated significant (P < 0.05) differences among NA-VCGs and European/Israeli (EU/I)-VCGs regarding the frequency of nit mutants. The aggressiveness trials of the North American isolates to potato indicated that plants infected with isolates belonging to NA-VCG2 and NA-VCG5 had more (P < 0.05) sclerotia on the roots and crowns than plants infected with isolates belonging to NA-VCGs 1 and 3. The plants infected with isolates belonging to NA-VCG2 had sclerotia formed higher (P < 0.05) up the stem than the plants infected with isolates belonging to NA-VCGs 1, 3, or 5. The plants infected with isolates assigned to NA-VCG2 had more (P < 0.05) infected progeny tubers than the plants infected with isolates belonging to NA-VCGs 1, 3, or 5; and the plants infected with isolates belonging to NA-VCGs 1, 2, and 5 yielded fewer (P < 0.05) potato tubers than the noninoculated control plants. A naming system for the population of C. coccodes based on the continent source of the population, the VCG number, and the isolate's code was suggested.

Classification of strains of Fusarium oxysporum on the basis of vegetative compatibility

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Puhalla
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Minimal Medium ◽  
Evolutionary Model ◽  
Vegetative Compatibility ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Vegetative Compatibility Groups ◽  
Heterokaryon Formation ◽  
Nit Mutants

Twenty-one strains of Fusarium oxysporum were classified on the basis of vegetative compatibility or the ability to form hetcrokaryons. Heterokaryon formation was demonstrated by pairing mutants that were unable to reduce nitrate. These "nit mutants" could be recovered without mutagen treatment from selective media containing KClO3. On Czapek's minimal medium the nit mutants had a radial growth rate like that of wild type, but their colonies were very thin. Two genetically different nit mutants were recovered in each of the 21 strains and paired in all combinations on minimal medium. Heterokaryon formation was indicated by dense growth where the two mutant colonies touched. As a result, 16 vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs) were defined such that only strains in the same VCG were vegetatively compatible. In no case was a strain assignable to more than one VCG. There was some evidence for a correlation between VCG and forma specialis. An evolutionary model to explain this correlation is proposed. Vegetative compatibility may be a fast and easy way to distinguish pathotypes of F. oxysporum.

scholarly journals Vegetative Compatibility Groups in Colletotrichum coccodes Subpopulations from Australia and Genetic Links with Subpopulations from Europe/Israel and North America

2010 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Ben-Daniel ◽  
D. Bar-Zvi ◽  
D. Johnson ◽  
R. Harding ◽  
M. Hazanovsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
North America ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Vegetative Compatibility ◽  
Colletotrichum Coccodes ◽  
Vegetative Incompatibility ◽  
Vegetative Compatibility Groups ◽  
Nit Mutants ◽  
First Time ◽  
Limited Exchange

Vegetative compatibility of 94 isolates of Colletotrichum coccodes from Australia originating from potato, soil, and a weed (Solanum esuriale) was tested using nitrate-nonutilizing (nit) mutants. Isolates distributed to six vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs), five of them multimember (24.5, 23.4, 13.8, 12.8, and 7.5% distribution) and only one composed of two isolates (2.1%); 15.9% of them were not assigned to any of the VCGs. Aggressiveness of 51 isolates representing all six VCGs was tested by mature green tomato bioassay: isolates assigned to AUS-VCG-4 were the most aggressive and those in AUS-VCG-3 the least (P < 0.05). Isolates from warmer climates and lower latitudes were more aggressive (P < 0.05). In addition, we report for the first time complementations between isolates from Australia (AUS); North America (NA); and Israel, The Netherlands, Scotland, France, Germany (EU/I). Isolates assigned to AUS-VCG-4 anastomosed with isolates assigned to EU/I-VCG-7 and NA-VCG-5 (which also anastomosed with each other). Isolates assigned to EU/I-VCG-6 anastomosed with isolates assigned to NA-VCG-2 and isolates assigned to AUS-VCG-2 anastomosed with isolates assigned to EU/I-VCG-2. The linkage between subpopulations could result from the limited exchange of seed tubers among continents, or could be due to, for instance, gene flow, selection, or a limited number of polymorphic vegetative incompatibility genes.

FEATURES OF OPHTHALMIC CARE FOR PATIENTS WITH COMPLICATED CATARACTS

2020 ◽  
pp. 84-89
Author(s):  
Inna Ivanovna Lapkina
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Postoperative Complications ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Outpatient Treatment ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Unified Approach ◽  
Case Histories ◽  
High Prevalence

Today, around 50 million people worldwide suffer from cataracts, more than a half of them need surgical treatment. High prevalence of this pathology in Ukraine, the need to improve the provision of ophthalmic care to patients, and the reform of the health care system have made the research relevant. Concomitant diseases and special conditions of the eye increase the risk of intra− and postoperative complications, worsen the functional parameters of patients after surgery. In order to develop a unified approach to the treatment of complicated cataracts based on diagnostically related groups of patients, a retrospective analysis of case histories of patients with different variants of complications related to the condition of the lens itself, its ligament apparatus and other structures of the eye was conducted. In each case, the surgeon has to choose the appropriate modification of cataract phacoemulsification surgery. The study proposed the classification of cataract phacoemulsification modifications on the basis of the techniques and the sequence of operation stages, taking into account the classification of the degrees of turbidity of the lens, proposed by L. Buratto. It has been noted that in complicated cases, according to the indications of the patient, surgery may be performed on several modifications of cataract phacoemulsification. The developed classification made it possible to generalize the various variants of pathology and greatly facilitate the choice of tactics of surgical treatment in complicated cataracts. It can be used not only for practical application, but also for improving the qualification of trained professionals. The prospect of further research is to identify contraindications for outpatient treatment of the patients with complicated cataracts. Key words: cataract complication, classification of phacoemulsification modifications, diagnostically related groups.

scholarly journals Quantification and Classification of Diclofenac Sodium Content in Dispersed Commercially Available Tablets by Attenuated Total Reflection Infrared Spectroscopy and Multivariate Data Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 440
Author(s):  
Eirini Siozou ◽  
Vasilios Sakkas ◽  
Nikolaos Kourkoumelis
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Diclofenac Sodium ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Sodium Content ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflection ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ft Ir

A new methodology, based on Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy equipped with an attenuated total reflectance accessory (ATR FT-IR), was developed for the determination of diclofenac sodium (DS) in dispersed commercially available tablets using chemometric tools such as partial least squares (PLS) coupled with discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). The results of PLS-DA depicted a perfect classification of the tablets into three different groups based on their DS concentrations, while the developed model with PLS had a sufficiently low root mean square error (RMSE) for the prediction of the samples’ concentration (~5%) and therefore can be practically used for any tablet with an unknown concentration of DS. Comparison with ultraviolet/visible (UV/Vis) spectrophotometry as the reference method revealed no significant difference between the two methods. The proposed methodology exhibited satisfactory results in terms of both accuracy and precision while being rapid, simple and of low cost.

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