Ionic transport through a composite structure of N-ethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium tetrafluoroborate organic ionic plastic crystals reinforced with polymer nanofibres

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
pp. 6038-6052 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Iranipour ◽  
D. J. Gunzelmann ◽  
A. Seeber ◽  
J. Vongsvivut ◽  
C. Doherty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solution ◽  
Ion Transport ◽  
Composite Structure ◽  
Ionic Transport ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Plastic Crystal ◽  
Plastic Crystals

Composite plastic crystal electrolytes are shown to exhibit enhanced ion transport due to release of Li+ from a second phase into a solid solution.

scholarly journals Formation of a solid solution between [N(C2H5)4][BF4] and [N(C2H5)4][PF6] in crystal and plastic crystal phases

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 2053-2059 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuhiko Matsumoto ◽  
Ryojun Nonaka ◽  
Yushen Wang ◽  
Gleb Veryasov ◽  
Rika Hagiwara
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solution ◽  
Binary System ◽  
Rock Salt ◽  
Plastic Crystal ◽  
Plastic Crystals ◽  
System Form ◽  
Crystal Phases ◽  
Form Solid Solution

The [N(C2H5)4][BF4]–[N(C2H5)4][PF6] binary system form solid solution in both crystal and plastic crystal phases (rock-salt type for plastic crystals).

scholarly journals A Study on the Damping Capacities of Mg–Zn–Y-Based Alloys with Lamellar Long Period Stacking Ordered Phases by Preparation Process

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Ruopeng Lu ◽  
Kai Jiao ◽  
Yuhong Zhao ◽  
Kun Li ◽  
Keyu Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Solid Solution ◽  
Damping Capacity ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Preparation Process ◽  
Obvious Effect ◽  
Lpso Phase ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Lamellar Phases ◽  
Ordered Phases

Mg alloys with fine mechanical properties and high damping capacities are essential in engineering applications. In this work, Mg–Zn–Y based alloys with lamellar long period stacking ordered (LPSO) phases were obtained by different processes. The results show that a more lamellar second phase can be obtained in the samples with more solid solution atoms. The density of the lamellar LPSO phase has an obvious effect on the damping of the magnesium alloy. The compact LPSO phase is not conducive to dislocation damping, but sparse lamellar phases can improve the damping capacity without significantly reducing the mechanical properties. The Mg95.3Zn2Y2.7 alloy with lamellar LPSO phases and ~100 μm grain size exhibited a fine damping property of 0.110 at ε = 10–3.

scholarly journals Predicting gas selectivity in organic ionic plastic crystals by free energy calculations

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (32) ◽  
pp. 19623-19629
Author(s):  
Vinay S. Kandagal ◽  
Jennifer M. Pringle ◽  
Maria Forsyth ◽  
Fangfang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Gas Separation ◽  
Free Energy Calculations ◽  
Free Energy Calculation ◽  
Energy Calculation ◽  
Plastic Crystal ◽  
Plastic Crystals ◽  
New Type ◽  
Gas Molecules ◽  
Gas Selectivity

The free energy calculation shows the different free energy changes of the adsorption and absorption of gas molecules into an organic ionic plastic crystal, successfully predicting the gas selectivity of this new type of gas separation material.

scholarly journals Effect of Rare Earth Ce on Deep Stamping Properties of High-Strength Interstitial-Free Steel Containing Phosphorus

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1473
Author(s):  
Hao Wang ◽  
Yanping Bao ◽  
Chengyi Duan ◽  
Lu Lu ◽  
Yan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solution ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Rare Earth ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Rolling Process ◽  
P Element ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Strengthening Effect ◽  
Interstitial Free ◽  
If Steel

The influence of rare earth Ce on the deep stamping property of high-strength interstitial-free (IF) steel containing phosphorus was analyzed. After adding 120 kg ferrocerium alloy (Ce content is 10%) in the steel, the inclusion statistics and the two-dimensional morphology of the samples in the direction of 1/4 thickness of slab and each rolling process were observed and compared by scanning electron microscope (SEM). After the samples in each rolling process were treated by acid leaching, the three-dimensional morphology and components of the second phase precipitates were observed by SEM and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). The microstructure of the sample was observed by optical microscope, and the grain size was compared. Meanwhile, the content and strength of the favorable texture were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Finally, the mechanical properties of the product were analyzed. The results showed that: (1) The combination of rare earth Ce with activity O and S in steel had lower Gibbs free energy, and it was easy to generate CeAlO3, Ce2O2S, and Ce2O3. The inclusions size was obviously reduced, but the number of inclusions was increased after adding rare earth. The morphology of inclusions changed from chain and strip to spherical. The size of rare earth inclusions was mostly about 2–5 μm, distributed and dispersed, and their elastic modulus was close to that of steel matrix, which was conducive to improving the structure continuity of steel. (2) The rare earth compound had a high melting point. As a heterogeneous nucleation point, the nucleation rate was increased and the solidification structure was refined. The grade of grain size of products was increased by 1.5 grades, which is helpful to improve the strength and plasticity of metal. (3) Rare earth Ce can inhibit the segregation of P element at the grain boundary and the precipitation of Fe(Nb+Ti)P phase. It can effectively increase the solid solution amount of P element in steel, improve the solid solution strengthening effect of P element in high-strength IF steel, and obtain a large proportion of {111} favorable texture, which is conducive to improving the stamping formability index r90 value.

scholarly journals Coherent Precipitation and Strengthening in Compositionally Complex Alloys: A Review

Entropy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Wang ◽  
Zhen Li ◽  
Shujie Pang ◽  
Xiaona Li ◽  
Chuang Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solution ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Particle Morphology ◽  
Precipitation Strengthening ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
High Entropy ◽  
Second Phase Particles ◽  
Alloy Strength ◽  
Solid Solution Matrix ◽  
The Relationship

High-performance conventional engineering materials (including Al alloys, Mg alloys, Cu alloys, stainless steels, Ni superalloys, etc.) and newly-developed high entropy alloys are all compositionally-complex alloys (CCAs). In these CCA systems, the second-phase particles are generally precipitated in their solid-solution matrix, in which the precipitates are diverse and can result in different strengthening effects. The present work aims at generalizing the precipitation behavior and precipitation strengthening in CCAs comprehensively. First of all, the morphology evolution of second-phase particles and precipitation strengthening mechanisms are introduced. Then, the precipitation behaviors in diverse CCA systems are illustrated, especially the coherent precipitation. The relationship between the particle morphology and strengthening effectiveness is discussed. It is addressed that the challenge in the future is to design the stable coherent microstructure in different solid-solution matrices, which will be the most effective approach for the enhancement of alloy strength.

Effect of Rare Earth (RE) La on Solid Solution of Second Phase Particle and Austenite Grain Growth in Steel Containing High Niobium

2011 ◽  
Vol 189-193 ◽  
pp. 2869-2874 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Zhong Song ◽  
Qi Fang ◽  
Hui Ping Ren ◽  
Zi Li Jin ◽  
Hui Chang
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solution ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Rare Earth ◽  
Grain Growth ◽  
Phase Particle ◽  
Solution Temperature ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Austenite Grain ◽  
Austenite Grain Growth ◽  
Soaking Temperature

The solid solution of the second phase particle and austenite grain growth behavior of the high niobium-containing RE steel was studied by mathematical calculation and extraction replica technique. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of Rare Earth La on austenite grain growth and propose an empirical equation for predicting the austenite grain size of RE steel. Austenite grain grows in an exponential law with the increase of heating temperature, while approximately in a parabolic law with the increase of holding time. Results show that the RE steel has good anti-coarsening ability at elevated temperatures. When soaking temperature is lower than 1250°C , AGS and growth rate are small for high niobium steel, but soaking temperature is lower than 1220°C , AGS and growth rate are small for RE steel. RE La can promote solid solution of second-phase particles Nb(C, N), the solution temperature decrease 30°C than high niobium steel.

Effect of Bi Addition on the Corrosion Behavior of Zirconium Alloys

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Y. Yao ◽  
B. X. Zhou ◽  
Q. Li ◽  
W. P. Zhang ◽  
L. Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solution ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Corrosion Behavior ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Zirconium Alloys ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Micro Structure ◽  
Second Phase Particles ◽  
Structure Observation

In order to investigate systematically the effect of Bi addition on the corrosion resistance of zirconium alloys, different zirconium-based alloys, including Zr-4 (Zr-1.5Sn-0.2Fe-0.1Cr), S5 (Zr-0.8Sn-0.35Nb-0.4Fe-0.1Cr), T5 (Zr-0.7Sn-1.0Nb-0.3Fe-0.1Cr) and Zr-1Nb, were adopted to prepare the zirconium alloys containing Bi of 0∼0.5% in mass fraction. These alloys were denoted as Zr-4+xBi, S5+xBi, T5+xBi and Zr-1Nb+xBi, respectively. The corrosion behavior of these specimens was investigated by autoclave testing in lithiated water with 0.01 M LiOH or deionized water at 360°C/18.6 MPa and in superheated steam at 400 °C/10.3 MPa. The micro structure of the alloys was examined by TEM and the second phase particles (SPPs) were analyzed by EDS. Micro structure observation shows that the addition of Bi promotes the precipitation of Sn as second phase particles (SPPs) because Sn is in solid solution in α-Zr matrix in Zr-4, S5 and T5 alloys. The concentration of Bi dissolved in α-Zr matrix increase with the increase of Nb in the alloys, and the excess Bi precipitates as Bi-containing SPPs. The corrosion results show that the effect of Bi addition on the corrosion behavior of different zirconium-based alloys is very complicated, depending on their compositions and corrosion conditions. In the case of higher Bi concentration in α-Zr, the zirconium alloys exhibit better corrosion resistance. However, in the case of precipitation of Bi-containing SPPs, the corrosion resistance gets worse. This indicates that the solid solution of Bi in α-Zr matrix can improve the corrosion resistance, while the precipitation of the Bi-containing SPPs is harmful to the corrosion resistance.

Effect of Heat Treatment on the Structure and Properties of EW75 Magnesium Alloy Plate

2013 ◽  
Vol 747-748 ◽  
pp. 158-165
Author(s):  
Juan Qu ◽  
Kui Zhang ◽  
Ming Long Ma ◽  
Yong Jun Li ◽  
Xing Gang Li
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Solid Solution ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Solution Process ◽  
Solution Time ◽  
Solution Temperature ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Alloy Plate ◽  
T6 Heat Treatment ◽  
The Matrix

In this study, Mg-7Gd-5Y-1Nd-0.5Zr alloy (EW75) was produced by melting method and then press-forged into large size plate. The properties of the Mg-7Gd-5Y-1.2Nd-0.5Zr alloy were optimized through T6 heat treatment. The microstructures of alloy were observed by means of optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Its mechanical properties under different heat treatment conditions were determined by tensile tests. The results indicated that increasing the solid solution temperature and prolonging the solid solution time can both lead to the dissolution of second phase in the alloy back into the matrix. The solid solution temperature affects the dissolution process more than the solid solution time. Grain growth occurred during the solid solution process. The grain size of the matrix enlarges with the increase of solid solution temperature. The tensile test result showed that the tensile strength of the alloy was significantly improved after T6 heat treatment. Its tensile strength in the same direction was nearly 40% up after T6 heat treatment. The analysis shows that T6 heat treatment can effectively eliminate the larger deformed precipitates and beneficial to the formation of hard precipitates, which leads to an improvement in the alloys tensile strength.

scholarly journals Ionic transport in highly concentrated lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)amide electrolytes with keto ester solvents: structural implications for ion hopping conduction in liquid electrolytes

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 5097-5105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinji Kondou ◽  
Morgan L. Thomas ◽  
Toshihiko Mandai ◽  
Kazuhide Ueno ◽  
Kaoru Dokko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ion Transport ◽  
Ion Pairs ◽  
Ionic Transport ◽  
Hopping Conduction ◽  
Keto Ester ◽  
Liquid Electrolytes ◽  
Li Ion

The hopping/exchange-dominated Li ion transport is attributed to liquid electrolytes with solvent-bridged, chain-like Li ion coordination and aggregated ion pairs.

scholarly journals Microstructure and Hardness of Scandium Trialuminide with Ternary Rare-Earth Additions

2007 ◽  
Vol 539-543 ◽  
pp. 1565-1570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshihisa Harada ◽  
David C. Dunand
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solution ◽  
Rare Earth ◽  
Lattice Parameter ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Micro Hardness ◽  
Size Mismatch ◽  
Atomic Size ◽  
Rare Earth Additions ◽  
Re Elements ◽  
Vickers Micro Hardness

The microstructure of ternary Al3(Sc1-yREy) intermetallic compounds (where RE is one of the rare-earth elements La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Yb or Lu), was investigated as a function of RE concentration for 0<y≤0.75. Alloys with La, Ce, Nd, Sm or Eu additions consist of a L12 phase containing a dendritic second phase with D019 (La, Ce, Nd, Sm) or C11b (Eu) structure. Alloys with Yb or Lu additions show a single L12 phase. The RE solubility limits at 1373 K in the L12-Al3(Sc1-yREy) phase are very low for La, Nd, Ce and Eu (0.08-0.41 at.% or y=0.0032-0.0164), low for Sm (3.22 at.% or y=0.1288) and complete for Yb and Lu. The lattice parameter of the L12 solid-solution increases linearly with RE concentration and the magnitude of this effect is correlated with the atomic size mismatch between Sc and the RE elements. The Vickers micro-hardness of the L12 solid-solution increases linearly with increasing RE concentration.

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