Solvent dependent interactions between droplets in water-in-oil microemulsions

Soft Matter ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (40) ◽  
pp. 7977-7984 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peizhu Zheng ◽  
Yuanming Ma ◽  
Dashuang Fan ◽  
Xuhong Peng ◽  
Tianxiang Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interaction Enthalpy ◽  
Solvent Type

The interaction enthalpy of microemulsion droplets depends on the solvent type, varying from positive to negative.

Pengaruh Jenis Co-Solvent terhadap Rendemen dan Mutu Biodiesel secara Transesterifikasi In Situ Menggunakan Radiasi Gelombang Mikro

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-126
Author(s):  
Mahlinda Mahlinda ◽  
Fitriana Djafar
Keyword(s):  
Catalyst Concentration ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
In Situ Transesterification ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Solvent Type ◽  
Biodiesel Quality

The main purpose of this research was to observer effect co-solvent type (n-Hexane, chloroform and without co-solvent)  toward yield and quality of biodiesel via in situ transesterification process using microwave irradiation. The process was studied at microwave power 450 watt, reaction time 4 minutes, methanol to seed ratio 25:1 and catalyst concentration 5%. The physicochemical parameters of the biodiesel produced such as viscosity, density and acid value were analysed and compared with the SNI 7182-2012 standard. The experimental result showed the maximum yield biodiesel 78,32% obtained by using co-solvent chloroform.Test result of physicochemical properties (viscosity, density and acid value) of biodiesel products using co solvent n-Hexane, chloroform and without co solvent showed that these products conform to the SNI 7182-2012 standars. The type of co-solvent only affectedon biodiesel yield dan not affected on biodiesel quality (viscosity, density and acid value).  ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari pengaruh jenis co-solvent (n-Hexane, chloroform dan tanpa co-solvent) terhadap rendemen dan mutu biodiesel secara trasesterifikasi in situ menggunakan radiasi gelombang mikro. Proses dilakukan pada daya gelombang mikro 450 watt, waktu reaksi 4 menit, perbandingan berat metanol terhadap bahan baku 25:1 dan jumlah katalis 5%. Parameter fisiko kimia dari produk biodiesel seperti viskositas, densitas dan angka asam di analisa dan dibandingkan dengan standar SNI 7182-2012 tentang biodiesel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rendemen maksimum biodiesel sebesar 78,32% diperoleh dengan menggunakan co-solvent chloroform. Hasil pengujian  karakteristik fisiko kimia (viskositas, densitas dan angka asam) dari produk biodiesel menggunakan co-solvent n-Hexane, chloroform dan tanpa co-solvent menunjukkan bahwa semua parameter ini masih memenuhi standar SNI 1782-2012 tentang biodiesel. Jenis co-solvent hanya berpengaruh pada rendemen biodiesel dan tidak berpengaruh terhadap mutu biodiesel (viskositas, densitas dan bilangan asam).Kata kunci: co-solvent, in situ transesterifikasi, microwave, rendemen, mutu   

Synthesis of Phosphonates via Michaelis-Arbuzov Reaction

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 883-903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boppudi Hari Babu ◽  
Gandavaram Syam Prasad ◽  
Chamarthi Naga Raju ◽  
Mandava Venkata Basaveswara Rao
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Times ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Arbuzov Reaction ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Solvent Type ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Synthetic Methodologies ◽  
Optimal Reaction ◽  
The Arbuzov Reaction

Background: Michaelis–Arbuzov reaction has played a key role for the synthesis of dialkyl or diaryl phosphonates by reacting various alkyl or aryl halides with trialkyl or triaryl phosphite. This reaction is very versatile in the formation of P-C bond from the reaction of aliphatic halides with phosphinites or phosphites to yield phosphonates, phosphinates, phosphine oxides. The Arbuzov reaction developed some methodologies, possible mechanistic pathways, selectivity, potential applications and biologically active various phosphonates. Objective: The synthesis of phosphonates via Michaelis–Arbuzov reaction with many new and fascinating methodologies were developed and disclosed in the literature, and these are explored in this review. Conclusion: This review has discussed past developments and vast potential applications of Arbuzov reaction in the synthesis of organophosphonates. As presented in this review, various synthetic methodologies were developed to prepare a large variety of phosphonates. Improvements in the reaction conditions of Lewis-acid mediated Arbuzov rearrangement as well as the development of MW-assisted Arbuzov rearrangement were discussed. Finally, to achieve high selectivities and yields, fine-tuning of reaction conditions including solvent type, temperature, and optimal reaction times to be considered.

scholarly journals Metal(II) Coordination Polymers from Tetracarboxylate Linkers: Synthesis, Structures, and Catalytic Cyanosilylation of Benzaldehydes

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 204
Author(s):  
Yu Li ◽  
Chumin Liang ◽  
Xunzhong Zou ◽  
Jinzhong Gu ◽  
Marina V. Kirillova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coordination Polymers ◽  
Polycarboxylic Acid ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Trimethylsilyl Cyanide ◽  
Effect Of Solvent ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Solvent Type ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Chloride Salts

Three 2D coordination polymers, [Cu2(µ4-dpa)(bipy)2(H2O)]n∙6nH2O (1), [Mn2(µ6-dpa)(bipy)2]n (2), and [Zn2(µ4-dpa)(bipy)2(H2O)2]n·2nH2O (3), were prepared by a hydrothermal method using metal(II) chloride salts, 3-(2′,4′-dicarboxylphenoxy)phthalic acid (H4dpa) as a linker, as well as 2,2′-bipyridine (bipy) as a crystallization mediator. Compounds 1–3 were obtained as crystalline solids and fully characterized. The structures of 1–3 were established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, revealing 2D metal-organic networks of sql, 3,6L66, and hcb topological types. Thermal stability and catalytic behavior of 1–3 were also studied. In particular, zinc(II) coordination polymer 3 functions as a highly active and recoverable heterogeneous catalyst in the mild cyanosilylation of benzaldehydes with trimethylsilyl cyanide to give cyanohydrin derivatives. The influence of various parameters was investigated, including a time of reaction, a loading of catalyst and its recycling, an effect of solvent type, and a substrate scope. As a result, up to 93% product yields were attained in a catalyst recoverable and reusable system when exploring 4-nitrobenzaldehyde as a model substrate. This study contributes to widening the types of multifunctional polycarboxylic acid linkers for the design of novel coordination polymers with notable applications in heterogeneous catalysis.

scholarly journals IDENTIFIKASI SENYAWA FITOKIMIA DAN AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK KASAR DAUN PEPE

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Dewa Gede Eka Prayoga ◽  
Komang Ayu Nocianitri ◽  
Ni Nyoman Puspawati
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Total Phenol ◽  
Total Flavonoids ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Solvent Type ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Phytochemical Compounds ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

This research was conducted to identify the phytochemical compounds and antioxidant activity of pepe leaves (Gymnema reticulatum Br.) crude extract in various solvent types. The experimental design used in this research was a completely randomized design with solvent type treatments consisting of 5 types : aquadest, ethyl acetate 96%, acetone 70%, ethanol 70%, and methanol 95%. The treatment was repeated three times, so that 15 experimental units were obtained. Qualitative data obtained in this research were displayed with tables, while quantitative data were analyzed by variance and if the treatment had a significant effect, then followed by Duncan's test. The results showed that the treatment of solvent types affected phytochemical compounds that was extracted from pepe leaves and had a significant effect (P<0.01) on yield, total phenol, total flavonoids, and antioxidant activity. The best results showed that 70% acetone solvents were able to extract phytochemical compounds from alkaloids, saponins, phenols, flavonoids, and steroids in the form of sterols and had the highest antioxidant activity based on 62.06% free radical inhibition percentage with IC50 values of 200.775 mg/L, yield 32.35%, total phenol 36.14 mgGAE/g extract, and total flavonoids 50.37 mgQE/g extract.

Electrospinnability of Poly Lactic-co-glycolic Acid (PLGA): the Role of Solvent Type and Solvent Composition

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 738-749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoli Liu ◽  
Stefania G. Baldursdottir ◽  
Johanna Aho ◽  
Haiyan Qu ◽  
Lars Porskjær Christensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycolic Acid ◽  
Solvent Composition ◽  
Solvent Type ◽  
Role Of Solvent

The efficacy of stone consolidants based on alkoxysilanes: Influence of solvent type

2018 ◽  
pp. 13-16
Author(s):  
B. Sena da Fonseca ◽  
A.P. Ferreira Pinto ◽  
S. Piçarra ◽  
M.F. Montemor
Keyword(s):  
Solvent Type ◽  
Stone Consolidants ◽  
Influence Of Solvent
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