Thermochemical conversion of low-lipid microalgae for the production of liquid fuels: challenges and opportunities

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (24) ◽  
pp. 18673-18701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Chen ◽  
Yulong Wu ◽  
Derun Hua ◽  
Chun Li ◽  
Michael P. Harold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Review ◽  
Hydrothermal Liquefaction ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Thermochemical Conversion ◽  
Catalytic Upgrading ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities

This critical review provides an investigation elaborated by recent references on conversion of low-lipid microalgae into bio-oil via pyrolysis and hydrothermal liquefaction, and the catalytic upgrading of algal-derived bio-oil was examined.

Supported Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles for catalytic upgrading of microalgae hydrothermal liquefaction derived bio-oil

2017 ◽  
Vol 293-294 ◽  
pp. 159-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junjie Bian ◽  
Qi Zhang ◽  
Peng Zhang ◽  
Lijuan Feng ◽  
Chunhu Li
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Liquefaction ◽  
Catalytic Upgrading ◽  
Bio Oil

scholarly journals Feedstock-Dependent Phosphate Recovery in a Pilot-Scale Hydrothermal Liquefaction Bio-Crude Production

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Ovsyannikova ◽  
Andrea Kruse ◽  
Gero C. Becker
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Theoretical Data ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Hydrothermal Liquefaction ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Catalytic Upgrading ◽  
A Value ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Full Analysis

Microalgae (Spirulina) and primary sewage sludge are considerable feedstocks for future fuel-producing biorefinery. These feedstocks have either a high fuel production potential (algae) or a particularly high appearance as waste (sludge). Both feedstocks bring high loads of nutrients (P, N) that must be addressed in sound biorefinery concepts that primarily target specific hydrocarbons, such as liquid fuels. Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL), which produces bio-crude oil that is ready for catalytic upgrading (e.g., for jet fuel), is a useful starting point for such an approach. As technology advances from small-scale batches to pilot-scale continuous operations, the aspect of nutrient recovery must be reconsidered. This research presents a full analysis of relevant nutrient flows between the product phases of HTL for the two aforementioned feedstocks on the basis of pilot-scale data. From a partial experimentally derived mass balance, initial strategies for recovering the most relevant nutrients (P, N) were developed and proofed in laboratory-scale. The experimental and theoretical data from the pilot and laboratory scales are combined to present the proof of concept and provide the first mass balances of an HTL-based biorefinery modular operation for producing fertilizer (struvite) as a value-added product.

Upgrading of bio-oil from thermochemical conversion of various biomass – Mechanism, challenges and opportunities

Fuel ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 287 ◽  
pp. 119329
Author(s):  
Tharifkhan Shan Ahamed ◽  
Susaimanickam Anto ◽  
Thangavel Mathimani ◽  
Kathirvel Brindhadevi ◽  
Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
Keyword(s):  
Thermochemical Conversion ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities

scholarly journals Lignocellulosic and algal biomass for bio-crude production using hydrothermal liquefaction: Conversion techniques, mechanism and process conditions: A review

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 200555-0
Author(s):  
Chitra Devi Venkatachalam ◽  
Sathish Raam Ravichandran ◽  
Mothil Sengottian
Keyword(s):  
Algal Biomass ◽  
Subcritical Water ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Hydrothermal Liquefaction ◽  
Thermochemical Conversion ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
First And Second Generation

Thermochemical conversion is an effective process in production of biocrude. It mainly includes techniques such as torrefaction, liquefaction, gasification and pyrolysis in which Hydrothermal Liquefaction (HTL) has the potential to produce significant energy resource. Algae, one of the third-generation feedstocks is placed in the top order for production of bio-oil compared to the first and second-generation feedstock, as the algae can get multiplied in shorter time with the uptake of greenhouse gases. In HTL, the subcritical water helps the biomass to undergo thermal depolymerisation and produce various chemicals such as nitrogenates, alkanes, phenolics, esters, etc. The produced “biocrude” or “bio-oil” may be further upgraded into value-added chemicals and fuels. In addition, the bio-gas and bio-char are also synthesized as by-products. This review provides an overview of different routes available for thermochemical conversion of biomass. It also provides an insight on the operating parameters such as temperature, pressure, dosage of catalyst and solvent for lignocellulosic and algal biomass under HTL environment. In extent, the article covers the conversion mechanism for these two feedstocks and also the effects of the operating parameters on the yield of biocrude are studied in detail.

Review of Reactor and Catalyst in the Pyrolysis of Biomass for Liquid Fuels

2012 ◽  
Vol 512-515 ◽  
pp. 552-557
Author(s):  
Xiao Xiong Zhang ◽  
Guan Yi Chen ◽  
Yi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Catalytic Pyrolysis ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Thermochemical Conversion ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Pyrolysis Of Biomass

Due to the rapid growth of energy consumption, fossil-based fuel is at the verge of extinction. Hence, the world needs new energy to substitute for the non-renewable energy resources. Various biomass resources have been discussed by virtue of the ability of generating alternative fuels, chemicals and energy-related products. To date, the utilization of biomass is mainly thermochemical conversion which involves combustion, gasification and pyrolysis. The focus, currently, is on the catalytic pyrolysis of biomass. A variety of reactors are designed and many new catalysts for the yields of liquid products and upgrading of bio-oil are investigated. Different reactors have their own unique characteristics, and fixed bed reactor is not complicated and can be controlled easily but is difficult to upsize. Fluidized bed has a good suitability for different kinds of biomass but is more complex in structure and more difficult to control. Compared with non-catalytic pyrolysis, the quality of bio-oil improves considerably in the presence of a catalyst. Different catalysts exert different effects on the upgrading of bio-oil. HZSM-5 can reduce a vast output of acid compounds and increases hydrocarbon yields. Au/Al2O3 catalyst leads to an increase of H2 yield. All the catalysts can promote the upgrading of pyrolysis products. Optimal yields and the best quality of bio-oil can be obtained by an appropriate reactor with a proper catalyst.

Catalytic upgrading of bio-oil produced from hydrothermal liquefaction of Nannochloropsis sp.

2018 ◽  
Vol 252 ◽  
pp. 28-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajdeep Shakya ◽  
Sushil Adhikari ◽  
Ravishankar Mahadevan ◽  
El Barbary Hassan ◽  
Thomas A. Dempster
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Liquefaction ◽  
Catalytic Upgrading ◽  
Bio Oil

Progress in thermochemical conversion of duckweed and upgrading of the bio-oil: A critical review

2021 ◽  
Vol 769 ◽  
pp. 144660
Author(s):  
Oraléou Sangué Djandja ◽  
Linxin Yin ◽  
Zhicong Wang ◽  
Yao Guo ◽  
Xiaoxiao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Review ◽  
Thermochemical Conversion ◽  
Bio Oil
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