Kinetic modeling of self-aggregation in solutions with coexisting spherical and cylindrical micelles at arbitrary initial conditions

RSC Advances ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (93) ◽  
pp. 51722-51733 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Shchekin ◽  
I. A. Babintsev ◽  
L. Ts. Adzhemyan ◽  
N. A. Volkov
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Modeling ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Cylindrical Micelles ◽  
Far From Equilibrium ◽  
Initial States ◽  
Self Aggregation

The whole picture of evolution of coexisting spherical and cylindrical micelles has been described for initial states far from equilibrium.

scholarly journals Far-from-equilibrium initial conditions probed by a nonlocal observable

2017 ◽  
Vol 773 ◽  
pp. 91-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Shahkarami ◽  
H. Ebrahim ◽  
M. Ali-Akbari ◽  
F. Charmchi
Keyword(s):  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Far From Equilibrium

scholarly journals Effect of Spheroidization Annealing on Pearlite Banding

2019 ◽  
Vol 949 ◽  
pp. 40-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey Guk ◽  
Eva Augenstein ◽  
Maksim Zapara ◽  
Rudolf Kawalla ◽  
Ulrich Prahl
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Model ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Ferritic Matrix ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Initial States ◽  
Hot Rolled

The present paper deals with the influence of the duration of isothermal spheroidization annealing on the evolution of pearlite bands in various initial states. In this study, two initial conditions of the steel 16MnCrS5 are considered: a) industrially hot-rolled pearlite structures in their ferritic matrix and b) a specifically adjusted microstructure in the lab condition. Based on the experimental investigations and quantitative microstructural analyses, an empirical model for the prediction of pearlite banding within a broad range of annealing durations could be derived. Both, experiment and model, agree that pronounced pearlite bands in the initial state almost disappear after 25 h of spheroidization annealing. On the other hand, a marginal degree of pearlite banding in the initial state increases slightly during annealing. This fact could be explained by inhomogeneous cementite formation inside and outside the primary segregation regions of manganese.

UNCERTAINTY IN CHAOS SYNCHRONIZATION

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (06) ◽  
pp. 1723-1735 ◽  
Author(s):  
GUO-QUN ZHONG ◽  
KIM-FUNG MAN ◽  
KING-TIM KO
Keyword(s):  
Coupling Strength ◽  
Chaos Synchronization ◽  
Phase Synchronization ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Coupled Systems ◽  
Sensitive Dependence ◽  
Initial States ◽  
Synchronization Regime

In this paper a variety of uncertainty phenomena in chaos synchronization, which are caused by the sensitive dependence on initial conditions and coupling strength, are numerically investigated. Two identical Chua's circuits are considered for both mutually- and unidirectionally-coupled systems. It is found that initial states of the system play an important role in chaos synchronization. Depending on initial conditions, distinct behaviors, such as in-phase synchronization, anti-phase synchronization, oscillation-quenching, and bubbling of attractors, may occur. Based on the findings, we clarify that the systems, which satisfy the standard synchronization criterion, do not necessarily operate in a synchronization regime.

ON THE DYNAMICAL EVOLUTION OF THE FRACTAL STRUCTURE OF INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM

Fractals ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 01 (04) ◽  
pp. 908-916 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z.Y. YUE ◽  
B. ZHANG ◽  
G. WINNEWISSER ◽  
J. STUTZKI
Keyword(s):  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Interstellar Medium ◽  
Density Distribution ◽  
Fractal Structure ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Initial Density ◽  
Dynamical Evolution ◽  
Fractal Dimensions ◽  
Compressible Turbulence ◽  
Initial States

Two-dimensional compressible turbulence in a self-gravitating, magnetic interstellar medium is calculated as an initial value problem. It is shown that even if the initial density distribution is homogeneous and the initial velocity distribution contains only a few Fourier components, the nonlinear interaction among the Fourier components will generate more and more Fourier components and lead to a turbulent and fractal structure in the interstellar medium. The calculations are carried out for three different initial states. In order to see the time evolution, detailed density distributions and fractal dimensions of the density contours are calculated at three moments of time for each of the initial states. The results show that the fractal dimension remains almost the same (~1.4–1.5), although the detailed density distribution has changed considerably. The insensibility of the fractal dimension of density contours to both the initial conditions and the evolution time is in good agreement with observations of molecular clouds in the interstellar medium.

Atomic motion and dipole–dipole effects on the stability of atom–atom entanglement in Markovian/non-Markovian reservoir

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
pp. 1950077 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Golkar ◽  
M. K. Tavassoly
Keyword(s):  
Weak Coupling ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Dynamical Behavior ◽  
Dipole Interaction ◽  
Zero Temperature ◽  
Entanglement Dynamics ◽  
Entanglement Protection ◽  
Initial States ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Suitable Measure

In this paper, we consider the entanglement dynamics of two identical qubits (two-level atoms) accompanied by dipole–dipole interaction within a common reservoir in the strong and weak coupling regimes. We suppose that the qubits move in the reservoir which is at zero temperature. Using the time-dependent Schrödinger equation, the state vector of the qubits-reservoir system is obtained by which we can evaluate the concurrence as a suitable measure of entanglement between the two qubits. The results show that by choosing special initial conditions for the qubits, a different dynamical behavior of entanglement is visible in such a way that entanglement protection occurs. Also, we find that the qubit motion in the absence of dipole–dipole interaction leads to preservation or at least more slowly decay of entanglement. However, in the presence of dipole–dipole interaction with the movement of qubits, different results can be observed which depend on the initial states of the qubits, i.e. entanglement may or may not be protected.

Sensitivity of U.S. Drought Prediction Skill to Land Initial States

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 2793-2811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chul-Su Shin ◽  
Bohua Huang ◽  
Paul A. Dirmeyer ◽  
Subhadeep Halder ◽  
Arun Kumar
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
The United States ◽  
Prediction Skill ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Drought Prediction ◽  
Forecast Lead Time ◽  
Initial States

AbstractIn addition to remote SST forcing, realistic representation of land forcing (i.e., soil moisture) over the United States is critical for a prediction of U.S. severe drought events approximately one season in advance. Using “identical twin” experiments with different land initial conditions (ICs) in the 32-yr (1979–2010) CFSv2 reforecasts (NASA GLDAS-2 reanalysis versus NCEP CFSR), sensitivity and skill of U.S. drought predictions to land ICs are evaluated. Although there is no outstanding performer between the two sets of forecasts with different land ICs, each set shows greater skill in some regions, but their locations vary with forecast lead time and season. The 1999 case study demonstrates that although a pattern of below-normal SSTs in the Pacific in the fall and winter is realistically reproduced in both reforecasts, GLDAS-2 land initial states display a stronger east–west gradient of soil moisture, particularly drier in the eastern United States and more consistent with observations, leading to warmer surface temperature anomalies over the United States. Anomalies lasting for one season are accompanied by more persistent barotropic (warm core) anomalous high pressure over CONUS, which results in better prediction skill of this drought case up to 4 months in advance in the reforecasts with GLDAS-2 land ICs. Therefore, it is essential to minimize the uncertainty of land initial states among the current land analyses for improving U.S. drought prediction on seasonal time scales.

Mediation functions in Ecopath with Ecosim: handle with care

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (7) ◽  
pp. 1020-1029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris J. Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Zostera Marina ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Ecopath With Ecosim ◽  
Ecosystem Models ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Juvenile Pacific Salmon ◽  
Initial States

Ecosystem models are important tools for addressing complex issues such as the role of habitat in marine resource management. The Ecopath with Ecosim (EwE) software can represent several ecological processes via mediation functions, where the abundance of one group influences trophic interactions between two other groups. I ran a series of temporal simulations in EwE, in which eelgrass (Zostera marina) was refuge habitat for juvenile Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.), and the abundance of eelgrass mediated (reduced) the vulnerability of juvenile salmon to their predators. I compared the effects of eelgrass on salmon biomass across three shapes of mediation curve (linear, hyperbolic, sigmoid) and six different initial states along each curve. Salmon responded strongest to sigmoid mediation and least to hyperbolic mediation. Salmon responses were sensitive to initial conditions, particularly along sigmoid curves. As the lower limit of the mediation curve (Mmin) approached 0, model results became nonintuitive, particularly for sigmoid curves. Because these functions are difficult to quantify or scale from empirical or experimental studies, modelers must carefully account for uncertainty when using mediation relationships in EwE. Hyperbolic mediation curves may be the most conservative when empirical or theoretical knowledge is unavailable.

scholarly journals Irreducible Southern Ocean State Uncertainty due to Global Ocean Initial Conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hansi Singh ◽  
Naomi Goldenson ◽  
John Fyfe ◽  
Lorenzo Polvani
Keyword(s):  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Meridional Overturning Circulation ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
Ocean Temperature ◽  
Earth System ◽  
Temperature Anomalies ◽  
Surface Climate ◽  
Initial States

How do ocean initial conditions impact historical and future climate projections in Earth system models? To answer this question, we use the 50-member Canadian Earth System Model (CanESM2) large ensemble, in which individual ensemble members are initialized using a strategic combination of different oceanic initial states and different atmospheric perturbations. We show that global ocean heat content anomalies associated with the different ocean initial states persist from initialization at year 1950 through the end of the simulations at year 2100. We also find that these anomalies most readily impact surface climate over the Southern Ocean. Ocean initial conditions affect Southern Ocean surface climate because persistent deep ocean temperature anomalies upwell along sloping isopycnal surfaces that delineate neighboring branches of the Upper and Lower Cells of the Global Meridional Overturning Circulation. As a result, up to a quarter of the ensemble variance in Southern Ocean turbulent heat fluxes, heat uptake, and surface temperature trends can be traced to variance in the ocean initial state. Such a discernible impact of varying ocean initial conditions on ensemble variance over the Southern Ocean is evident throughout the full 150 simulation years of the ensemble, even though upper ocean temperature anomalies due to varying ocean initial conditions rapidly dissipate over the first two decades of model integration over much of the rest of the globe.

Mental changes in abortive forms of encephalitis (psychoencephalosis)

1930 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 1234-1237
Author(s):  
I. B. Galant
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
The State ◽  
Spinal Cord Diseases ◽  
Initial States ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

It is well known that epid, encephalitis is distinguished by an extraordinary variety and variegation of pictures of the state, symptom complexes, syndromes and initial states. With E.E. we have all kinds of hyperkinetic, hypo- and akinetic forms, we meet various kinds of paralysis - ophthalmoplegic form, hemiplegic form with aphasia and without it, thalamic and other syndromes, fulminant form of encephalitis, and among the initial conditions are described in addition to the well-known parkinsonism and related conditions, various post-encephalitic spinal cord diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, syringomyelia, atypical poliomyelitis with nuclear paralysis (Salus), etc.

scholarly journals Thermodynamics and Steady State of Quantum Motors and Pumps Far from Equilibrium

Entropy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raúl A. Bustos-Marún ◽  
Hernán L. Calvo
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Coulomb Blockade ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Double Quantum ◽  
Capacitively Coupled ◽  
General Order ◽  
Order Scheme ◽  
State Regime ◽  
Far From Equilibrium ◽  
Coulomb Blockade Regime

In this article, we briefly review the dynamical and thermodynamical aspects of different forms of quantum motors and quantum pumps. We then extend previous results to provide new theoretical tools for a systematic study of those phenomena at far-from-equilibrium conditions. We mainly focus on two key topics: (1) The steady-state regime of quantum motors and pumps, paying particular attention to the role of higher order terms in the nonadiabatic expansion of the current-induced forces. (2) The thermodynamical properties of such systems, emphasizing systematic ways of studying the relationship between different energy fluxes (charge and heat currents and mechanical power) passing through the system when beyond-first-order expansions are required. We derive a general order-by-order scheme based on energy conservation to rationalize how every order of the expansion of one form of energy flux is connected with the others. We use this approach to give a physical interpretation of the leading terms of the expansion. Finally, we illustrate the above-discussed topics in a double quantum dot within the Coulomb-blockade regime and capacitively coupled to a mechanical rotor. We find many exciting features of this system for arbitrary nonequilibrium conditions: a definite parity of the expansion coefficients with respect to the voltage or temperature biases; negative friction coefficients; and the fact that, under fixed parameters, the device can exhibit multiple steady states where it may operate as a quantum motor or as a quantum pump, depending on the initial conditions.

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