Red Mud waste from the Bayer process as a catalyst for the desulfurization of hydrocarbon fuels

RSC Advances ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (88) ◽  
pp. 47287-47296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliane Cristina de Resende ◽  
Iara do Rosário Guimarães Carvalho ◽  
Marcel Schlaf ◽  
Mário César Guerreiro
Keyword(s):  
Red Mud ◽  
Aluminum Industry ◽  
Bayer Process ◽  
Hydrocarbon Fuels ◽  
Alumina Production ◽  
The Aluminum Industry

The management of Red Mud generated as a waste by-product of bauxite processing in the aluminum industry is key to the long-term sustainability of alumina production.

scholarly journals Effect of red mud addition on the corrosion parameters of reinforced concrete evaluated by electrochemical methods

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 451-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.V. Ribeiro ◽  
J.A. Labrincha ◽  
M.R. Morelli
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Red Mud ◽  
Corrosion Potential ◽  
Corrosion Process ◽  
Bayer Process ◽  
Alumina Production ◽  
High Ph ◽  
High Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Bauxite Ore

Red mud, the main waste generated in aluminum and alumina production from bauxite ore by the Bayer process, is considered "hazardous" due to its high pH. The high pH also provides greater protection of rebars, which is reflected in the low corrosion potential and high electrical resistivity (filler effect) of concrete. The corrosion potential was monitored by electrochemical measurements and the electrical resistivity was evaluated using sensors embedded in concrete test specimens. The results showed that the addition of red mud is beneficial to concrete, reducing its corrosion potential and increasing its electrical resistivity. Red mud proved to be a promising additive for concrete to inhibit the corrosion process.

Aluminum Flow Analysis for the Life Cycle of Aluminum Products

2010 ◽  
Vol 113-116 ◽  
pp. 2287-2291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Yue ◽  
Zhong Wu Lu
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Aluminum Industry ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Aluminum Production ◽  
Alumina Production ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Aluminum Scrap ◽  
Support Ratio ◽  
The Aluminum Industry

In order to achieve a sustainable development of aluminum industry, aluminum flow analysis for the life cycle of aluminum products in China was necessary. Aluminum flow in the aluminum products life cycle of 2003-2007 in China has been analyzed, from which the following data were resulted. Resources self-support ratio in alumina production, aluminum production and the aluminum industry dropped, increased and leveled off in the period 2003-2007, respectively. Self-produced aluminum scrap use ratio was in the range 5-7%, and the situation of the aluminum scrap lacking state can’t be settled in case of fast increment of aluminum production. Proposals for the sustainable development of aluminum industry in China were put forward.

Selected applications of Rietveld-XRD analysis for raw materials of the aluminum industry

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank R. Feret
Keyword(s):  
Red Mud ◽  
Aluminum Industry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Rietveld Method ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Rietveld Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Phase Analysis ◽  
Calibration Methods ◽  
Phase Quantification ◽  
The Aluminum Industry

In the last few decades, X-ray diffraction (XRD) systems have been paramount and irreplaceable in controlling bauxite exploration, as well as Bayer and reduction processes. XRD quantitative phase analysis in the aluminum industry witnessed a steady deployment of the Rietveld method, which at present progressively replaces existing methodologies in research and plant laboratories. Rietveld analysis not only helped to surpass traditional XRD calibration methods, it also opened the door for new applications previously not possible. The use of the Rietveld method to characterize selected materials unique to the aluminum industry, such as bauxite, red mud, and alumina is demonstrated and discussed. This paper also presents how synchrotron-based diffractograms obtained for bauxite and red mud samples allowed a much better understanding of mineralogical representation, and made it possible to leverage their Rietveld quantification. Despite clear advantages, the Rietveld method also has limitations that are revealed. For alumina phase quantification, a dedicated Rietveld analytical program was built with structure data for eight alumina mineralogical phases: alpha, beta (β-Al2O3 = Na2O•11Al2O3), delta, gamma (2), kappa, sigma, and theta. The paper gives unique examples of phase quantification in aluminas of various origins and phase composition.

Experiments on Effect of Red Mud-Based Slag on Distribution of Sulfur in Liquid Iron

2014 ◽  
Vol 900 ◽  
pp. 49-52
Author(s):  
Gui Fang Zhang ◽  
Ying Dong Yang ◽  
Zhe Shi ◽  
Lei Gao
Keyword(s):  
Red Mud ◽  
Aluminum Content ◽  
Aluminum Industry ◽  
Sulfur Reduction ◽  
Viable Option ◽  
Refining Steel ◽  
Steel Refining ◽  
The Aluminum Industry ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Fluxing Agent

Preliminary research has shown that red mud is a viable option to be used as a fluxing agent in the steelmaking process, as it is able to achieve similar results as fluxes currently used in steel refining. This research focused on how red mud can be used as a flux for refining steel. Desulfurization was conducted with aluminum additions and temperature variations. The results showed that experiments utilized waste residues from the aluminum industry as refining flux for steel refining; more than 95% sulfur reduction was achieved; increasing temperature and aluminum content can improve desulfurization.

Comprehensive Utilization of Red Mud Remaining in Alumina Production

2014 ◽  
Vol 881-883 ◽  
pp. 663-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ao Ping He ◽  
Zhi Liu Hu ◽  
De Guang Cao ◽  
Jian Min Zeng ◽  
Bo Lin Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Red Mud ◽  
Aluminum Industry ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Environmental Restoration ◽  
Alumina Production ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Valuable Metals ◽  
High Alkalinity ◽  
Main Factors

Red mud is a solid waste which is generated in the process of alumina production and is of highly alkaline. Red mud has very complex compositions, but contains a variety of rare and valuable metals. In addition, its high alkalinity is a severe pollution to water, land, air and environment, which has been one of the main factors to affect the sustainable development of aluminum industry. The characterization of red mud, the extraction of valuable metals from red mud, the utilization of red mud in construction materials, environmental restoration materials and other fields are introduced in this paper.

scholarly journals Effects of Adding Neutralized Red Mud on the Hydration Properties of Cement Paste

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 4107
Author(s):  
Sukpyo Kang ◽  
Hyeju Kang ◽  
Byoungky Lee
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Cement Paste ◽  
Red Mud ◽  
Aluminum Industry ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Heat Of Hydration ◽  
Hydration Properties ◽  
The Aluminum Industry

Red mud is a highly alkaline waste by-product of the aluminum industry. Although recycling of red mud is being actively researched, a feasible technological solution has not been found yet. In this study, we propose that neutralization of red mud alkalinity could assist in its use as a construction material. Neutralized red mud (LRM + S; pH 6–8) was prepared by adding sulfuric acid to liquefied red mud (LRM; pH 10–12). After adding LRM and LRM + S to cement paste, the heat of hydration, compressive strength, and hydration products were examined. The experiments revealed that the calorific value of the cement paste with LRM was low, and its peak was delayed, when compared with that of plain cement paste (referred to as Plain), whereas the calorific value of the cement paste with LRM + S was similar to that of Plain. At the age of 28 d, the compressive strength of the cement paste with 10% LRM + S was 99% whereas that with 20% LRM was only 55% of the strength of Plain. Thus, our results help to resolve the issue of strength degradation of cementitious materials observed upon the addition of red mud and enable its reuse as a construction material.

On the effect of the periodicity of diagnostic measurements on improving the reliability of high-voltage transformers

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-21
Author(s):  
V. A. Tikhonov
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Chromatographic Analysis ◽  
Aluminum Industry ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Transformer Oil ◽  
Operating Voltage ◽  
Dissolved Gases ◽  
The Aluminum Industry

The influence of the periodicity of diagnostic measurements on the operational state of high-voltage transformers is considered. Examples of defects of switching devices of converter transformers and methods for their detection are given. The rationale for the importance of recognition of defects at an early stage of their occurrence is given. The influence of the multiplicity of overvoltages on the service life of converter transformers in the aluminum industry is investigated. Based on the analysis of the service life of converter transformers of one of the powerful aluminum plants, where 83% of converter transformers have exhausted their standard service life, it is shown that in 40% of cases it would be possible to avoid their failures, with timely detection and elimination of emerging defects. Examples of defects of OLR (on-load regulators) of converter transformers and methods for their detection are given. The importance of recognition of defects at an early stage of their occurrence is substantiated. A method for chromatographic analysis of dissolved gases in transformer oil has been developed for the qualitative determination of defects and ways to eliminate them. Examples of diagnostics of converter transformers at operating voltage and working load are given, providing the best quality operational characteristics of converter transformers. The periodicity of diagnostic measurements and the reduction of defects and failures has been substantiated. The question of diagnosing the state of the converter transformer TDNP-40000/10 at an enterprise of the aluminum industry is investigated. Currently, diagnostic methods are being developed based on chromatographic analysis of dissolved gases in transformer oil. The presented method of evaluating the operating parameters of transformers allows for the safe operation of high-voltage transformers and enables to increase the reliability of the power supply scheme of aluminum industry plants.

scholarly journals Compaction of Cohesive Granular Material: Application to Carbon Paste

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 704
Author(s):  
Zahraa Kansoun ◽  
Hicham Chaouki ◽  
Donald Picard ◽  
Julien Lauzon-Gauthier ◽  
Houshang Alamdari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Aluminum Industry ◽  
Frequency Effect ◽  
Strain Rates ◽  
Cyclic Tests ◽  
Carbon Paste ◽  
Rheological Models ◽  
Softening Behavior ◽  
The Aluminum Industry

Carbon-like materials such as the anode and the ramming paste play a crucial role in the efficiency of the Hall–Héroult process. The mechanical behavior of these materials during forming processes is complex and still ill-understood. This work aimed to investigate experimentally the mechanical behavior of a carbon paste used in the aluminum industry under different loading conditions. For this purpose, experiments consisting of (1) relaxation tests at different compaction levels, (2) quasi-static cyclic tests at several amplitudes, (3) monotonic compaction tests at varied strain rates, and (4) vibrocompaction tests at different frequencies were carried out. The obtained results highlight some fundamental aspects of the carbon paste behavior such as the strain rate’s effect on the paste compressibility, the hardening-softening behavior under cyclic loadings, the effect of cycling amplitude on the stress state and the paste densification, and the frequency effect on the vibrocompaction process. These results pave the way for the development of reliable rheological models for the modeling and the numerical simulation of carbon pastes forming processes.

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