scholarly journals Carbon electrodeposition in molten salts: electrode reactions and applications

RSC Advances ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (67) ◽  
pp. 35808-35817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Happiness V. Ijije ◽  
Richard C. Lawrence ◽  
George Z. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Molten Salts ◽  
Molten Carbonate ◽  
Energy Materials ◽  
Electrode Reactions ◽  
Carbonate Salts

Carbon dioxide can be electrochemically reduced to carbon in molten carbonate salts, promising affordable energy, materials and environmental explorations.

scholarly journals One-pot synthesis of nanostructured carbon materials from carbon dioxide via electrolysis in molten carbonate salts

Carbon ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 106 ◽  
pp. 208-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongjun Wu ◽  
Zhida Li ◽  
Deqiang Ji ◽  
Yue Liu ◽  
Lili Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Materials ◽  
Nanostructured Carbon ◽  
Molten Carbonate ◽  
One Pot ◽  
One Pot Synthesis ◽  
Carbonate Salts

Study on the gasification of wastepaper/carbon dioxide catalyzed by molten carbonate salts

Energy ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 1192-1203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gong Jin ◽  
Hiroyuki Iwaki ◽  
Norio Arai ◽  
Kuniyuki Kitagawa
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Molten Carbonate ◽  
Carbonate Salts

Utilisation of Carbon Dioxide for Electro-Carburisation of Mild Steel in Molten Carbonate Salts

2011 ◽  
Vol 158 (11) ◽  
pp. H1117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy J. Siambun ◽  
Harimi Mohamed ◽  
Di Hu ◽  
Daniel Jewell ◽  
Yeo K. Beng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Mild Steel ◽  
Molten Carbonate ◽  
Carbonate Salts

Reaction Characteristics of Wastepaper Gasification With CO2 Catalyzed by Molten Carbonate Salts

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Iwaki ◽  
Gong Jin ◽  
Tomohiko Furuhata ◽  
Norio Arai
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Boudouard Reaction ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Molten Carbonate ◽  
Steam Generation ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Carbonate Salts

In this paper, wastepaper gasification with steam and carbon dioxide was tested in the presence of molten carbonate salt catalysts. Reactions with steam or carbon dioxide were first compared. Hydrogen was mainly produced by gasification with steam, but no carbon monoxide was generated. For the case where carbon dioxide was used as a reactant instead of steam, generation of carbon monoxide greatly increased via the Boudouard reaction. Different ratios of mixtures of lithium, sodium and potassium carbonates were examined. Lithium was found to play a critical role in the various catalyst combinations. The reaction rate with respect to carbon conversion was approximately first order for low carbon conversions. The rate constants were investigated at different temperatures (923–1023K) and the activation energies were determined. In addition, the flexibility of this technique was examined with three different types of wastepaper. These results suggest the applicability of this process for the effective use of wastepaper and recovery of carbon dioxide.

scholarly journals Renewable energy and the role of molten salts and carbon

2013 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Fray
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Molten Salt ◽  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Molten Salts ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Molten Carbonate ◽  
Dimensionally Stable Anodes ◽  
Molten Salt Electrolytes

Molten carbonate fuel cells have been under development for a number of years and reliable units are successfully working at 250kW scale and demonstration units have produced up to 2 MW. Although these cells cannot be considered as renewable as the fuel, hydrogen or carbon monoxide is consumed and not regenerated, the excellent reliability of such a cell can act as a stimulus to innovative development of similar cells with different outcomes. Molten salt electrolytes based upon LiCl - Li2O can be used to convert carbon dioxide, either drawn from the output of a conventional thermal power station or from the atmosphere, to carbon monoxide or carbon. Recently, dimensionally stable anodes have been developed for molten salt electrolytes, based upon alkali or alkaline ruthenates which are highly electronically conducting and these may allow the concept of high temperature batteries to be developed in which an alkali or alkaline earth element reacts with air to form oxides when the battery is discharging and the oxide decomposes when the battery is being recharged. Batteries using these concepts may be based upon the Hall-Heroult cell, which is used worldwide for the production of aluminium on an industrial scale, and could be used for load levelling. Lithium ion batteries are, at present, the preferred energy source for cars in 2050 as there are sufficient lithium reserves to satisfy the world?s energy needs for this particular application. Graphite is used in lithium ion batteries as the anode but the capacity is relatively low. Silicon and tin have much higher capacities and the use of these materials, encapsulated in carbon nanotubes and nanoparticles will be described. This paper will review these interesting developments and demonstrate that a combination of carbon and molten salts can offer novel ways of storing energy and converting carbon dioxide into useful products.

Performance Evaluation of a Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell/Micro Gas Turbine Hybrid System With Oxy-Combustion Carbon Capture

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Ho Ahn ◽  
Tong Seop Kim
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Hybrid System ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Molten Carbonate ◽  
Micro Gas Turbine ◽  
Carbonate Fuel Cell

Owing to the increasing consumption of fossil fuels and emission of greenhouse gases, interests in highly efficient and low carbon emitting power systems are growing fast. Several research groups have been suggesting advanced systems based on fuel cells and have also been applying carbon capture and storage technology to satisfy the demand for clean energy. In this study, the performance of a hybrid system, which is a combination of a molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) with oxy-combustion carbon capture and an indirectly fired micro gas turbine (MGT) was predicted. A 2.5MW MCFC system that is used in commercial applications was used as the reference system so that the results of the study could be applicable to practical situations. The ambient pressure type hybrid system was modeled by referring to the design parameters of an MGT that is currently being developed. A semi-closed type design characterized by flow recirculation was adopted for this hybrid system. A part of the recirculating gas is converted into liquefied carbon dioxide and captured for storage at the carbon separation unit. Almost 100% carbon dioxide capture is possible with this system. In these systems, the output power of the fuel cell is larger than in the normal hybrid system without carbon capture because the partial pressure of carbon dioxide increases. The increased cell power partially compensates for the power loss due to the carbon capture and MGT power reduction. The dependence of net system efficiency of the oxy-hybrid on compressor pressure ratio is marginal, especially beyond an optimal value.

scholarly journals Electro-deposition and re-oxidation of carbon in carbonate-containing molten salts

2014 ◽  
Vol 172 ◽  
pp. 105-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Happiness V. Ijije ◽  
Richard C. Lawrence ◽  
Nancy J. Siambun ◽  
Sang Mun Jeong ◽  
Daniel A. Jewell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Voltammetry ◽  
Molten Salts ◽  
Carbon Deposition ◽  
Solid Carbon ◽  
Partial Reduction ◽  
Constant Voltage ◽  
Electro Deposition ◽  
Electrode Reactions ◽  
Electrode Cell ◽  
Potential Applications

The electrochemical deposition and re-oxidation of solid carbon were studied in CO32− ion-containing molten salts (e.g. CaCl2–CaCO3–LiCl–KCl and Li2CO3–K2CO3) at temperatures between 500 and 800 °C under Ar, CO2 or N2–CO2 atmospheres. The electrode reactions were investigated by thermodynamic analysis, cyclic voltammetry and chronopotentiometry in a three-electrode cell under various conditions. The findings suggest that the electro-reduction of CO32− is dominated by carbon deposition on all three tested working electrodes (Ni, Pt and mild steel), but partial reduction to CO can also occur. Electro-re-oxidation of the deposited carbon in the same molten salts was investigated for potential applications in, for example, direct carbon fuel cells. A brief energy and cost analysis is given based on results from constant voltage electrolysis in a two-electrode cell.

scholarly journals High Temperature Electrochemical Separation of Carbon Dioxide Using Molten Carbonate

1998 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 635-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidekazu KASAI ◽  
Takahiro MATSUO ◽  
Minoru HOSAKA ◽  
Naobumi MOTOHIRA ◽  
Nobuyuki KAMIYA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Molten Carbonate ◽  
Electrochemical Separation

Electrolytic synthesis of carbon nanotubes from carbon dioxide in molten salts and their characterization

2008 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 2231-2237 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.A. Novoselova ◽  
N.F. Oliinyk ◽  
S.V. Volkov ◽  
A.A. Konchits ◽  
I.B. Yanchuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Molten Salts ◽  
Synthesis Of Carbon Nanotubes
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