Time-resolved surface rearrangements of polymer films monitored by dynamic recovery contact angle (DRCA)

RSC Advances ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (39) ◽  
pp. 20094-20101 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Catarina C. Esteves ◽  
I. Doğan Günbas ◽  
Jan M. van Riel ◽  
Bart A. J. Noordover ◽  
Gijsbertus de With ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Polymer Films ◽  
Dynamic Recovery ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Time Frames

The time-frames involved in surface rearrangements of polymer films are investigated by Dynamic Recovery Contact Angle (DRCA) through a simple, non-invasive and reconstructive approach.

Endgroup and Sidechain Functionalization of Surface-Initiated ROMP Thin Films: Progress Towards ROMP-Based Molecular Wires

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Contact Angle ◽  
Cyclic Voltammetry ◽  
Polymer Films ◽  
Conjugated Polymer ◽  
Ring Opening ◽  
Molecular Wires ◽  
Metathesis Polymerization ◽  
Cross Metathesis ◽  
Active Ester

A set of experiments in surface-initiated ring-opening metathesis polymerization, including end-functionalization of growing brushes and contact angle/cyclic voltammetry measurements. We report preparation and CV of two different conjugated polymer films, and several endgroup and sidechain functionalization experiments using cross-metathesis and active ester substitution.<br>

Analog Circuit Failure Analysis Using Time-Resolved Emission

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.J. Cain ◽  
G.L. Woods ◽  
A. Syed ◽  
R. Herlein ◽  
Toshihiro Nomura
Keyword(s):  
Analog Circuits ◽  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Analog Circuit ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Nonlinear Process ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Highly Nonlinear ◽  
Excellent Spatial Resolution ◽  
5 Ghz

Abstract Time-Resolved Emission (TRE) is a popular technique for non-invasive acquisition of time-domain waveforms from active nodes through the backside of an integrated circuit. [1] State-of-the art TRE systems offer high bandwidths (&gt; 5 GHz), excellent spatial resolution (0.25um), and complete visibility of all nodes on the chip. TRE waveforms are typically used for detecting incorrect signal levels, race conditions, and/or timing faults with resolution of a few ps. However, extracting the exact voltage behavior from a TRE waveform is usually difficult because dynamic photon emission is a highly nonlinear process. This has limited the perceived utility of TRE in diagnosing analog circuits. In this paper, we demonstrate extraction of voltage waveforms in passing and failing conditions from a small-swing, differential logic circuit. The voltage waveforms obtained were crucial in corroborating a theory for some failures inside an 0.18um ASIC.

scholarly journals Vertical Orientation of Liquid Crystal on Polystyrene Substituted with n-Alkylbenzoate-p-oxymethyl Pendant Group as a Liquid Crystal Precursor

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 2058
Author(s):  
Kyutae Seo ◽  
Hyo Kang
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Liquid Crystal ◽  
Water Contact Angle ◽  
Polymer Films ◽  
Molar Fraction ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Pendant Group ◽  
Polymer Modification ◽  
Vertical Orientation ◽  
Water Contact

We synthesized a series of polystyrene derivatives modified with precursors of liquid crystal (LC) molecules via polymer modification reactions. Thereafter, the orientation of the LC molecules on the polymer films, which possess part of the corresponding LC molecular structure, was investigated systematically. The precursors and the corresponding derivatives used in this study include ethyl-p-hydroxybenzoate (homopolymer P2BO and copolymer P2BO#, where # indicates the molar fraction of ethylbenzoate-p-oxymethyl in the side chain (# = 20, 40, 60, and 80)), n-butyl-p-hydroxybenzoate (P4BO), n-hexyl-p-hydroxybenzoate (P6BO), and n-octyl-p-hydroxybenzoate (P8BO). A stable and uniform vertical orientation of LC molecules was observed in LC cells fabricated with P2BO#, with 40 mol% or more ethylbenzoate-p-oxymethyl side groups. In addition, the LC molecules were oriented vertically in LC cells fabricated with homopolymers of P2BO, P4BO, P6BO, and P8BO. The water contact angle on the polymer films can be associated with the vertical orientation of the LC molecules in the LC cells fabricated with the polymer films. For example, vertical LC orientation was observed when the water contact angle of the polymer films was greater than ~86°. Good orientation stability was observed at 150 °C and with 20 J/cm2 of UV irradiation for LC cells fabricated with the P2BO film.

Non-invasive fluorescence switch in polymer films based on spiropyran-photoacid modified TPE

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 2113-2122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Yu ◽  
Xing Su ◽  
Ting Zhang ◽  
Yu-Mo Zhang ◽  
Minjie Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Films ◽  
High Contrast ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Fluorescence Switch ◽  
Fluorescence Switching

High-contrast fluorescence switching has been achieved in polymer films or fibers with non-invasive stimuli.

Time-resolved studies of photoinduced birefringence in azobenzene dye-doped polymer films

2008 ◽  
Vol 47 (28) ◽  
pp. 5074 ◽  
Author(s):  
ChuanXiang Sheng ◽  
Robert A. Norwood ◽  
Jiafu Wang ◽  
Jayan Thomas ◽  
Yinglan Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Films ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Photoinduced Birefringence ◽  
Doped Polymer

Time-resolved vibrational spectroscopy of liquid crystals and polymer films using step-scan 2-D FTIR

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasilis G. Gregoriou ◽  
James L. Chao ◽  
Hirokazu Toriumi ◽  
Curtis A. Marcott ◽  
Isao Noda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystals ◽  
Vibrational Spectroscopy ◽  
Polymer Films ◽  
Time Resolved

Physiological validation of a non-invasive method to evaluate adrenocortical activity and the time course for the excretion of stress hormones in the feces of three species of desert gerbils

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 21-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin R. St. Juliana ◽  
Jocelyn L. Bryant ◽  
Nadja Wielebnowski ◽  
Burt P. Kotler
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ◽  
Stress Hormones ◽  
Adrenocortical Activity ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Fecal Glucocorticoid Metabolites ◽  
Desert Rodents ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Time Frames

We evaluated the suitability of a corticosterone enzyme immunoassay (EIA) to monitor excretion of fecal glucocorticoid metabolites (FGM) in response to Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and saline injections in three desert rodent species (Gerbillus andersoni allenbyi (GA), Gerbillus nanus (GN), and Gerbilis piridium (GP). We exposed 24 gerbils (N = 9 for GA, N = 7 for GN, N = 8 for GP) to an ACTH and a saline injection at different times. Fecal samples were collected hourly for 24 hours after injection. The average starting concentration (baseline) FGM concentration was 797 ng/g for GA, 183 ng/g for GN, and 749 ng/g for GP. The average peak concentration was 2377 ng/g for GA, 589 ng/g for GN, and 1987 ng/g for GP. We were able to provide a physiological validation for the chosen assay in GAs and GPs, however, our results for GNs were less clear. We found an increase in FGM concentrations on average after 5.5 hours in GA, 3.1 hours in GN, and 3.8 hours in GP. We found a peak in FGM concentration on average after 8.8 hours in GA, 5.6 hours in GN, and 10.3 hours in GP. We determined that FGM concentration returned to starting value on average after 14.4 hours in GA, 9.1 hours in GN, and 15.1 hours in GP. The outcomes of this study can help establish trapping protocols and time frames for FGM monitoring of these wild small mammal populations. The time course for excretion of FGM is similar between the species in this study, and comparable to some non-desert rodents. We found high variation in the time course of excretion within species. This variation needs to be taken into account when monitoring stress responses in the field. By assessing adrenocortical activity using FGM monitoring, stress responses to varying ecological and environmental factors can be reliably examined in the field.

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