The contribution of mycosporine-like amino acids, chromophoric dissolved organic matter and particles to the UV protection of sea-ice organisms in the Baltic Sea

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1025-1038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonna Piiparinen ◽  
Sara Enberg ◽  
Janne-Markus Rintala ◽  
Ruben Sommaruga ◽  
Markus Majaneva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dissolved Organic Matter ◽  
Sea Ice ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Atmospheric Particles ◽  
Uv Protection ◽  
Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
The Baltic

Variety of mycosporine-like amino acids, chromophoric dissolved organic matter and deposited atmospheric particles provide UV-protection for sea-ice organisms.

scholarly journals Parameterization of the light absorption properties of chromophoric dissolved organic matter in the Baltic Sea and Pomeranian lakes

Ocean Science ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1013-1032 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justyna Meler ◽  
Piotr Kowalczuk ◽  
Mirosława Ostrowska ◽  
Dariusz Ficek ◽  
Monika Zabłocka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dissolved Organic Matter ◽  
Absorption Coefficient ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Absorption Properties ◽  
Chlorophyll A Concentration ◽  
The Baltic

Abstract. This study presents three alternative models for estimating the absorption properties of chromophoric dissolved organic matter aCDOM(λ). For this analysis we used a database containing 556 absorption spectra measured in 2006–2009 in different regions of the Baltic Sea (open and coastal waters, the Gulf of Gdańsk and the Pomeranian Bay), at river mouths, in the Szczecin Lagoon and also in three lakes in Pomerania (Poland) – Obłęskie, Łebsko and Chotkowskie. The variability range of the chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) absorption coefficient at 400 nm, aCDOM(400), lay within 0.15–8.85 m−1. The variability in aCDOM(λ) was parameterized with respect to the variability over 3 orders of magnitude in the chlorophyll a concentration Chl a (0.7–119 mg m−3). The chlorophyll a concentration and aCDOM(400) were correlated, and a statistically significant, nonlinear empirical relationship between these parameters was derived (R2 =  0.83). On the basis of the covariance between these parameters, we derived two empirical mathematical models that enabled us to design the CDOM absorption coefficient dynamics in natural waters and reconstruct the complete CDOM absorption spectrum in the UV and visible spectral domains. The input variable in the first model was the chlorophyll a concentration, and in the second one it was aCDOM(400). Both models were fitted to a power function, and a second-order polynomial function was used as the exponent. Regression coefficients for these formulas were determined for wavelengths from 240 to 700 nm at 5 nm intervals. Both approximations reflected the real shape of the absorption spectra with a low level of uncertainty. Comparison of these approximations with other models of light absorption by CDOM demonstrated that our parameterizations were superior (bias from −1.45 to 62 %, RSME from 22 to 220 %) for estimating CDOM absorption in the optically complex waters of the Baltic Sea and Pomeranian lakes.

The influence of dissolved organic matter on the acid–base system of the Baltic Sea

2014 ◽  
Vol 132 ◽  
pp. 106-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karol Kuliński ◽  
Bernd Schneider ◽  
Karoline Hammer ◽  
Ulrike Machulik ◽  
Detlef Schulz-Bull
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dissolved Organic Matter ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Base System ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
The Baltic

scholarly journals Composition and Transformation of Dissolved Organic Matter in the Baltic Sea

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Seidel ◽  
Marcus Manecki ◽  
Daniel P. R. Herlemann ◽  
Barbara Deutsch ◽  
Detlef Schulz-Bull ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dissolved Organic Matter ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
The Baltic

scholarly journals Major differences in dissolved organic matter characteristics and bacterial processing over an extensive brackish water gradient, the Baltic Sea

2018 ◽  
Vol 202 ◽  
pp. 27-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Owen F. Rowe ◽  
Julie Dinasquet ◽  
Joanna Paczkowska ◽  
Daniela Figueroa ◽  
Lasse Riemann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dissolved Organic Matter ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Water Gradient ◽  
The Baltic

scholarly journals Behaviour of dissolved organic matter during formation of natural and artificially grown Baltic Sea ice

2011 ◽  
Vol 52 (57) ◽  
pp. 233-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susann Müller ◽  
Anssi V. Vähätalo ◽  
Mats A. Granskog ◽  
Riitta Autio ◽  
Hermanni Kaartokallio
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dissolved Organic Matter ◽  
Sea Ice ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Molecular Size ◽  
Parallel Factor ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Molecular Size Distribution

AbstractDuring sea-ice formation, the dissolved constituents of water are rejected from ice crystals. the initial fractionation of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the Baltic Sea ice was studied through two freezing experiments and by sampling natural sea ice. DOM was characterized by the spectral absorption of chromophoric DOM (CDOM) and the parallel factor analysis of DOM fluorescence. Molecular weight measurements of DOM were applied to assess changes in the molecular size distribution of DOM in new sea ice relative to parent sea water. Both in the newly formed artificial and the natural sea ice, CDOM was enriched by 34–39% relative to salinity. the same three identified DOM fluorophores were present both in sea water and ice but enriched by 15–54% relative to salinity in ice. After the incorporation of DOM into ice, the ageing of ice decreased the spectral slope coefficient and the molecular weight of DOM. This study shows that physical processes during freezing of brackish water enrich chromo- and fluorophoric DOM relative to salts in sea ice.

scholarly journals Effects of allochthonous dissolved organic matter input on microbial composition and nitrogen-cycling genes at two contrasting estuarine sites

2019 ◽  
Vol 95 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth M Happel ◽  
Trine Markussen ◽  
Jonna E Teikari ◽  
Vimala Huchaiah ◽  
Johannes Alneberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dissolved Organic Matter ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
N Cycling ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
The Baltic

ABSTRACT Heterotrophic bacteria are important drivers of nitrogen (N) cycling and the processing of dissolved organic matter (DOM). Projected increases in precipitation will potentially cause increased loads of riverine DOM to the Baltic Sea and likely affect the composition and function of bacterioplankton communities. To investigate this, the effects of riverine DOM from two different catchment areas (agricultural and forest) on natural bacterioplankton assemblages from two contrasting sites in the Baltic Sea were examined. Two microcosm experiments were carried out, where the community composition (16S rRNA gene sequencing), the composition of a suite of N-cycling genes (metagenomics) and the abundance and transcription of ammonia monooxygenase (amoA) genes involved in nitrification (quantitative PCR) were investigated. The river water treatments evoked a significant response in bacterial growth, but the effects on overall community composition and the representation of N-cycling genes were limited. Instead, treatment effects were reflected in the prevalence of specific taxonomic families, specific N-related functions and in the transcription of amoA genes. The study suggests that bacterioplankton responses to changes in the DOM pool are constrained to part of the bacterial community, whereas most taxa remain relatively unaffected.

scholarly journals Parameterization of the light absorption properties of chromophoric dissolved organic matter in the Baltic Sea and Pomeranian Lakes

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justyna Meler ◽  
Piotr Kowalczuk ◽  
Mirosława Ostrowska ◽  
Dariusz Ficek ◽  
Monika Zabłocka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Absorption Coefficient ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Light Absorption ◽  
Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Absorption Properties ◽  
Chlorophyll A Concentration ◽  
The Baltic

Abstract. This study presents three alternative models for estimation of absorption properties of Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter, aCDOM(l). For this analysis we used a database containing 556 absorption spectra measured in 2006–2009 in different regions of the Baltic Sea (open and coastal waters, the Gulf of Gdańsk and the Pomeranian Bay), at river mouths, in the Szczecin Lagoon and also in three Pomeranian lakes in Poland – Lakes Obłęskie, Łebsko and Chotkowskie. Observed variability range of the CDOM absorption coefficient at 400 nm, aCDOM(400), contained within 0.15–8.85 m−1. The variability in aCDOM(l) was parameterized with respect to three orders of magnitude variability in the chlorophyll a concentration Chla (0.7–119 mg m−3). Chlorophyll a concentration and CDOM absorption coefficient, aCDOM(400) were correlated, and statistically significant, non-linear empirical relationship between those parameters was derived (R2 = 0.83). Based on observed co-variance between these parameters, we derived two empirical mathematical models that enabled to project the CDOM absorption coefficient dynamics in natural waters and reconstruct the completed CDOM absorption spectrum in the UV and visible spectral domains. The first model used the chlorophyll a concentration as the input variable. The second model used the aCDOM(400), as the input variable. Both models were fitted to power function and the second order polynomial function was used as the exponent. Regression coefficients for derived formulas were determined for wavelengths from 240 to 700 nm at 5 nm intervals . Both approximation reflected the real shape of the absorption spectra with low uncertainty. Comparison of these approximation with other models of light absorption by CDOM proved that proposed parameterizations were better (bias from −1.45 % to 62 %, RSME from 22 % to 220 %) for estimation CDOM absorption in optically complex waters of the Baltic Sea and lakes.

scholarly journals Tracing inputs of terrestrial high molecular weight dissolved organic matter within the Baltic Sea ecosystem

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 4465-4475 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Deutsch ◽  
V. Alling ◽  
C. Humborg ◽  
F. Korth ◽  
C. M. Mörth
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dissolved Organic Matter ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Estuarine Mixing ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Bothnian Bay

Abstract. To test the hypothesis whether high molecular weight dissolved organic matter (HMW-DOM) in a high latitude marginal sea is dominated by terrestrial derived matter, 10 stations were sampled along the salinity gradient of the central and northern Baltic Sea and were analyzed for concentrations of dissolved organic carbon as well as δ13C values of HMW-DOM. Different end-member-mixing models were applied to quantify the influence of terrestrial DOM and to test for conservative versus non-conservative behavior of the terrestrial DOM in the different Baltic Sea basins. The share of terrestrial DOM to the total HMW-DOM was calculated for each station, ranging from 43 to 83%. This shows the high influence of terrestrial DOM inputs for the Baltic Sea ecosystem. The data also suggest that terrestrial DOM reaching the open Baltic Sea is not subject to substantial removal anymore. However compared to riverine DOM concentrations, our results indicate that substantial amounts of HMW-DOM (> 50%) seem to be removed near the coastline during estuarine mixing. A budget approach yielded residence times for terrestrial DOM of 2.8, 3.0, and 4.5 yr for the Bothnian Bay, the Bothnian Sea and the Baltic Proper.

scholarly journals Tracing inputs of terrestrial high molecular weight dissolved organic matter within the Baltic Sea Ecosystem

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 4483-4512 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Deutsch ◽  
V. Alling ◽  
C. Humborg ◽  
F. Korth ◽  
C. M. Mörth
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dissolved Organic Matter ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Estuarine Mixing ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Bothnian Bay

Abstract. To test the hypothesis whether dissolved organic matter (DOM) in a high latitude marginal sea is dominated by terrestrial derived matter 10 stations were sampled along the salinity gradient of the central and northern Baltic Sea and were analyzed for concentrations of dissolved organic carbon as well as δ13C values of high molecular weight DOM. Different end-member-mixing models were applied to quantify the influence of terrestrial DOM and to test for conservative versus non-conservative behavior of the terrestrial dissolved organic matter in the different Baltic Sea basins. The share of terrestrial DOM to the total DOM was calculated for each station, ranging from 43 to 83%. This shows the high influence of terrestrial DOM inputs for the Baltic Sea ecosystem. The data also suggest that terrestrial DOM that reaches the open Baltic Sea is not subject to substantial removal anymore. However compared to riverine DOM concentrations our results indicate that substantial amounts of DOM (>50%) seems to be removed near the coastline during estuarine mixing. A budget approach yielded residence times for terrestrial DOM of 2.3, 2.7, and 4.1 yr for the Bothnian Bay, the Bothnian Sea and the Baltic Proper.

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