Photoelectron spectroscopy of wet and gaseous samples through graphene membranes

Nanoscale ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (23) ◽  
pp. 14394-14403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jürgen Kraus ◽  
Robert Reichelt ◽  
Sebastian Günther ◽  
Luca Gregoratti ◽  
Matteo Amati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Path ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Ambient Pressure ◽  
Mean Free Path ◽  
Electron Spectrometer ◽  
Dense Media ◽  
Electron Mean Free Path ◽  
Sample Environment ◽  
Graphene Membranes

Due to the short electron mean free path in dense media samples in liquid or ambient pressure environment cannot be easily characterized by photoelectron spectroscopy. We overcome this limitation by employing electron transparent graphene membranes to separate the sample environment from the vacuum conditions in the electron spectrometer.

scholarly journals Electron mean free path from angle-dependent photoelectron spectroscopy of aerosol particles

2015 ◽  
Vol 142 (22) ◽  
pp. 224304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maximilian Goldmann ◽  
Javier Miguel-Sánchez ◽  
Adam H. C. West ◽  
Bruce L. Yoder ◽  
Ruth Signorell
Keyword(s):  
Free Path ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Aerosol Particles ◽  
Mean Free Path ◽  
Electron Mean Free Path

Interplay Between Thermoelectric and Thermionic Effects in Heterostructures

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taofang Zeng ◽  
Gang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Film Thickness ◽  
Free Path ◽  
Thermionic Emission ◽  
Approximate Solutions ◽  
Mean Free Path ◽  
Boltzmann Transport ◽  
Thermoelectric Effects ◽  
Double Heterojunction ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Electron Mean Free Path

Abstract When electrons sweep through a double-heterojunction structure, there exist thermionic effects at the junctions and thermoelectric effects in the film. While both thermoelectric and thermionic effects have been studied for refrigeration and power generation applications separately, their interplay in heterostructures is not understood. This paper establishes a unified model including both thermionic and thermoelectric processes based on the Boltzmann transport equation for electrons, and the nonequilibrium interaction between electrons and phonons. Approximate solutions are obtained, leading to the electron temperature and Fermi level distributions inside heterostructures and discontinuities at the interfaces as a consequence of the highly nonequilibrium transport when the film thickness is much smaller than the electron mean free path. It is found that when the film thickness is smaller than the mean free path of electrons, the transport of electrons is controlled by thermionic emission. The coexistence of thermoelectric and thermionic effects may increase the power factor when the electron mean free path is comparable to the film thickness.

Elastic scattering effects in the electron mean free path in a graphite overlayer studied by PES and LEED

2004 ◽  
Vol 566-568 ◽  
pp. 532-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Barrett ◽  
E.E. Krasovskii ◽  
J.-M. Themlin ◽  
V.N. Strocov
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Scattering ◽  
Free Path ◽  
Mean Free Path ◽  
Scattering Effects ◽  
Electron Mean Free Path
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