Microfluidic platforms for plant cells studies

Lab on a Chip ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (17) ◽  
pp. 3262-3274 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sanati Nezhad
Keyword(s):  
Plant Cell ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Cell Analysis ◽  
Microfluidic Platforms ◽  
Growth Chambers ◽  
Conventional Methods

Conventional methods of plant cell analysis rely on growing plant cells in soil pots or agarose plates, followed by screening the plant phenotypes in traditional greenhouses and growth chambers.

Methods to quantify primary plant cell wall mechanics

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (14) ◽  
pp. 3615-3648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir J Bidhendi ◽  
Anja Geitmann
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Polymer Network ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Mechanical Modeling ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Testing Techniques ◽  
Cell Wall Mechanics

Abstract The primary plant cell wall is a dynamically regulated composite material of multiple biopolymers that forms a scaffold enclosing the plant cells. The mechanochemical make-up of this polymer network regulates growth, morphogenesis, and stability at the cell and tissue scales. To understand the dynamics of cell wall mechanics, and how it correlates with cellular activities, several experimental frameworks have been deployed in recent years to quantify the mechanical properties of plant cells and tissues. Here we critically review the application of biomechanical tool sets pertinent to plant cell mechanics and outline some of their findings, relevance, and limitations. We also discuss methods that are less explored but hold great potential for the field, including multiscale in silico mechanical modeling that will enable a unified understanding of the mechanical behavior across the scales. Our overview reveals significant differences between the results of different mechanical testing techniques on plant material. Specifically, indentation techniques seem to consistently report lower values compared with tensile tests. Such differences may in part be due to inherent differences among the technical approaches and consequently the wall properties that they measure, and partly due to differences between experimental conditions.

scholarly journals DNA nanostructures coordinate gene silencing in mature plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (15) ◽  
pp. 7543-7548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huan Zhang ◽  
Gozde S. Demirer ◽  
Honglu Zhang ◽  
Tianzheng Ye ◽  
Natalie S. Goh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Gene Silencing ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Dna Nanostructures ◽  
Dna Nanostructure ◽  
The Impact

Delivery of biomolecules to plants relies onAgrobacteriuminfection or biolistic particle delivery, the former of which is amenable only to DNA delivery. The difficulty in delivering functional biomolecules such as RNA to plant cells is due to the plant cell wall, which is absent in mammalian cells and poses the dominant physical barrier to biomolecule delivery in plants. DNA nanostructure-mediated biomolecule delivery is an effective strategy to deliver cargoes across the lipid bilayer of mammalian cells; however, nanoparticle-mediated delivery without external mechanical aid remains unexplored for biomolecule delivery across the cell wall in plants. Herein, we report a systematic assessment of different DNA nanostructures for their ability to internalize into cells of mature plants, deliver siRNAs, and effectively silence a constitutively expressed gene inNicotiana benthamianaleaves. We show that nanostructure internalization into plant cells and corresponding gene silencing efficiency depends on the DNA nanostructure size, shape, compactness, stiffness, and location of the siRNA attachment locus on the nanostructure. We further confirm that the internalization efficiency of DNA nanostructures correlates with their respective gene silencing efficiencies but that the endogenous gene silencing pathway depends on the siRNA attachment locus. Our work establishes the feasibility of biomolecule delivery to plants with DNA nanostructures and both details the design parameters of importance for plant cell internalization and also assesses the impact of DNA nanostructure geometry for gene silencing mechanisms.

scholarly journals Plasmodesmata-Related Structural and Functional Proteins: The Long Sought-After Secrets of a Cytoplasmic Channel in Plant Cell Walls

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 2946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Han ◽  
Li-Jun Huang ◽  
Dan Feng ◽  
Wenhan Jiang ◽  
Wenzhuo Miu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Cell Contact ◽  
Plant Cell Walls ◽  
Cell Organelles

Plant cells are separated by cellulose cell walls that impede direct cell-to-cell contact. In order to facilitate intercellular communication, plant cells develop unique cell-wall-spanning structures termed plasmodesmata (PD). PD are membranous channels that link the cytoplasm, plasma membranes, and endoplasmic reticulum of adjacent cells to provide cytoplasmic and membrane continuity for molecular trafficking. PD play important roles for the development and physiology of all plants. The structure and function of PD in the plant cell walls are highly dynamic and tightly regulated. Despite their importance, plasmodesmata are among the few plant cell organelles that remain poorly understood. The molecular properties of PD seem largely elusive or speculative. In this review, we firstly describe the general PD structure and its protein composition. We then discuss the recent progress in identification and characterization of PD-associated plant cell-wall proteins that regulate PD function, with particular emphasis on callose metabolizing and binding proteins, and protein kinases targeted to and around PD.

scholarly journals Tolerance of Eugenia dysenterica to Aluminum: Germination and Plant Growth

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur Almeida Rodrigues ◽  
Sebastião Carvalho Vasconcelos Filho ◽  
Caroline Müller ◽  
Douglas Almeida Rodrigues ◽  
Juliana de Fátima Sales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Cells ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
High Availability ◽  
Hydroponic System ◽  
Anatomical Changes ◽  
Al Content ◽  
Starch Grain ◽  
Growth Chambers ◽  
Hydroponic Systems ◽  
Eugenia Dysenterica

Native Cerrado plants are exposed to soils with low pH and high availability of Al. In this study, we measured the Al content in adult plants, and investigated the effects of various Al doses on germination and early development of Eugenia dysenterica plants. For germination tests, the seeds were soaked in Al solution and evaluated for twenty days in growth chambers. In a second experiment, young plants were cultivated in hydroponic systems with various Al concentrations to evaluate the morphological, anatomical and physiological characteristics of E. dysenterica. Anatomical changes and low germinative vigor were observed in seeds germinated in 600 and 800 μmol Al3+ L−1. In the hydroponic system, 200 μmol Al3+ L−1 stimulated root growth in young plants. The activity of antioxidant enzymes and the accumulation of phenolic compounds were greatest at the highest Al doses, preventing changes in gas exchange and chlorophyll a fluorescence. Starch grain accumulation was noted in plant cells exposed to 200 and 400 μmol Al3+ L−1. Adult E. dysenterica trees also accumulated Al in leaves, bark and seeds. These data suggest that E. dysenterica is tolerant to Al.

scholarly journals Primary cell wall inspired micro containers as a step towards a synthetic plant cell

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Paulraj ◽  
S. Wennmalm ◽  
D.C.F. Wieland ◽  
A. V. Riazanova ◽  
A. Dėdinaitė ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Lipid Vesicles ◽  
Primary Cell Wall ◽  
Living Plant ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Lipid Tubules

AbstractThe structural integrity of living plant cells heavily relies on the plant cell wall containing a nanofibrous cellulose skeleton. Hence, if synthetic plant cells consist of such a cell wall, they would allow for manipulation into more complex synthetic plant structures. Herein, we have overcome the fundamental difficulties associated with assembling lipid vesicles with cellulosic nanofibers (CNFs). We prepare plantosomes with an outer shell of CNF and pectin, and beneath this, a thin layer of lipids (oleic acid and phospholipids) that surrounds a water core. By exploiting the phase behavior of the lipids, regulated by pH and Mg2+ ions, we form vesicle-crowded interiors that change the outer dimension of the plantosomes, mimicking the expansion in real plant cells during, e.g., growth. The internal pressure enables growth of lipid tubules through the plantosome cell wall, which paves the way to the development of hierarchical plant structures and advanced synthetic plant cell mimics.

scholarly journals Recent advances in the use of microfluidic technologies for single cell analysis

The Analyst ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 143 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Travis W. Murphy ◽  
Qiang Zhang ◽  
Lynette B. Naler ◽  
Sai Ma ◽  
Chang Lu
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Single Cell Analysis ◽  
Cell Analysis ◽  
Microfluidic Platforms ◽  
Recent Advances

We present a review on recent advances in single cell analysis based on microfluidic platforms.

scholarly journals Spatial characteristics to calcium signalling; the calcium wave as a basic unit in plant cell calcium signalling

1998 ◽  
Vol 353 (1374) ◽  
pp. 1463-1473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Malhó ◽  
Ana Moutinho ◽  
Arnold van der Luit ◽  
Anthony J. Trewavas
Keyword(s):  
Plant Cell ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Calcium Signalling ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Basic Unit ◽  
Calcium Wave ◽  
Information Communication ◽  
Intercellular Movement ◽  
Mechanism Of Wave Propagation ◽  
Cell Calcium Signalling

Many signals that modify plant cell growth and development initiate changes in cytoplasmic Ca 2+ . The subsequent movement of Ca 2+ in the cytoplasm is thought to take place via waves of free Ca 2+ . These waves may be initiated at defined regions of the cell and movement requires release from a reticulated endoplasmic reticulum and the vacuole. The mechanism of wave propagation is outlined and the possible basis of repetitive reticulum wave formation, Ca 2+ oscillations and capacitative Ca 2+ signalling is discussed. Evidence for the presence of Ca 2+ waves in plant cells is outlined, and from studies on raphides it is suggested that the capabilities for capacitative Ca 2+ signalling are also present. The paper finishes with an outline of the possible interrelation between Ca 2+ waves and organelles and describes the intercellular movement of Ca 2+ waves and the relevance of such information communication to plant development.

scholarly journals Plant cells technology as an effective biotechnological approach for high scale production of pharmaceutical natural compounds: A meta-analysis study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Davoodi ◽  
Elnaz Khoshvishkaie ◽  
Mohammad Azadbakht
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Cell Suspension ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Hairy Root ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
High Scale ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Analysis Study

Natural-based drugs are the important bioactive substances that have been used for prevention and treatment of diseases. Natural products are prepared in commercial scale from relevant medicinal plants. Hence, large amounts of the plants are needed for extraction and isolation of naturally occurring compounds. Plant cells technology is the best strategy for the production of the plant-derived drugs, which have difficulty process in large scale production. This study was conducted for types, frequencies and efficacies of production methods for natural-based drugs in plant cell technology as an alternative method to preparation from whole herb. Pharmaceutical and biomedical databases including PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, ProQuest and Google Scholar were searched in this study. Moreover, keywords words were ''secondary metabolite production'', ''pharmaceutical natural compounds'', ''high scale production'', ''cell suspension'', ''immobilized plant cell'', “hairy root”, ''elicitor'', ''substrate'', ''plant cell'', ''callus'', ''medicinal plants'', ''isolation and purification''. The correlations have been investigated by random effect model in an Excel program. Findings of this meta-analysis study showed all production methods had high efficacies and percentages of high scale production from 90 to 100%, which were comparable with conventional direct extractions. In addition to, median efficacy values for cell suspension, callus, hairy root and immobilized plant cell methods in production of selected drugs (atropine, paclitaxel, vincristine, camptothecin and colchicine) with 1124, 257, 797 and 969 events were 92.49 (CI95%: 89.78-95.86), 91.98 (CI95%: 89.13-95.25), 95.69 (CI95%: 92.84-98.68) and 93.86% (CI95%: 91.12-96.35), respectively. The plant cell technology for production of secondary metabolites has various advantages including high accuracy, repeatability and productivity, that is a best strategy for production of natural-based drugs.

scholarly journals Amber Particles as Living Plant Cell Markers in Flow Cytometry / Dzintara Daļiņas Kā Dzīvu Augu Šūnu Marķieri Plūsmas Citometrijā

2015 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 77-81
Author(s):  
Dace Grauda ◽  
Lada Bumbure ◽  
Inga Lyashenko ◽  
Alexei Katashev ◽  
Yuri Dekhtyar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Sodium Succinate ◽  
Control Cell ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Cell Group ◽  
Living Plant ◽  
Cell Markers ◽  
Living Plant Cell

Abstract The unique biological properties of amber are well known. Amber particles that penetrate into the cellular matrix can potentially be used as markers of plant cell biological activity by identification of living cells in flow cytometry. However, there have been no studies on effect of amber particles on plant cells. The aim of this study was to determine effect of amber nano- and micro- (5 nm-3 μm) particles on somatic and gametic cells and to assess the possibility to use amber particles as alive plant cells markers. To reach the aim, fluorescence of cells was determined in the presence of amber particles, and amber components - spirit of amber and sodium succinate dibasic hexahydrate. Cell fluorescence was measured using a BD FACSJazz® cell sorter for several plants species (Argyranthemum frutescens, Cyclamen persicum, Hordeum vulgare and Linum usitatissimum) with and without treatment of amber. Differences between a control cell group (without amber treatment) and treated cell group with amber particles depended on plant species. The presence of amber components (alcohol soluble amber fraction and sodium succinate) in cultivation media mostly had no influence on cell fluorescence. The study showed that amber particles (size 5 nm-3 μm) can be used as living plant cell markers, as the presence of amber particles in plant cell cultivation media resulted in substantially increased plant cell fluorescence in all investigated species, and there was no detrimental effect of amber particles on plant cells.

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