Bioelectrodes modified with chitosan for long-term energy supply from the body

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1017-1026 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. El Ichi ◽  
A. Zebda ◽  
J.-P. Alcaraz ◽  
A. Laaroussi ◽  
F. Boucher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrocatalytic Activity ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mechanical Compression ◽  
Term Energy

We demonstrate that the use of a Chit–MWCNT matrix, fabricated by mechanical compression, allows construction of a biocompatible enzymatic biocathode which remains operational after more than five months in vivo (retaining 50% of its initial electrocatalytic activity).

scholarly journals Biocompatibility of Bacterial Magnetosomes as MRI Contrast Agent: A Long-Term In Vivo Follow-Up Study

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1235
Author(s):  
Xiaohui Nan ◽  
Wenjia Lai ◽  
Dan Li ◽  
Jiesheng Tian ◽  
Zhiyuan Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Agent ◽  
Magnetic Domain ◽  
Bilayer Membrane ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mri Contrast Agent ◽  
Mri Imaging ◽  
Mri Contrast

Derived from magnetotactic bacteria (MTB), magnetosomes consist of magnetite crystals enclosed within a lipid bilayer membrane and are known to possess advantages over artificially synthesized nanoparticles because of the narrow size distribution, uniform morphology, high purity and crystallinity, single magnetic domain, good biocompatibility, and easy surface modification. These unique properties have increasingly attracted researchers to apply bacterial magnetosomes (BMs) in the fields of biology and medicine as MRI imaging contrast agents. Due to the concern of biosafety, a long-term follow-up of the distribution and clearance of BMs after entering the body is necessary. In this study, we tracked changes of BMs in major organs of mice up to 135 days after intravenous injection using a combination of several techniques. We not only confirmed the liver as the well-known targeted organs of BMs, but also found that BMs accumulated in the spleen. Besides, two major elimination paths, as well as the approximate length of time for BMs to be cleared from the mice, were revealed. Together, the results not only confirm that BMs have high biocompatibility, but also provide a long-term in-vivo assessment which may further help to forward the clinical applications of BMs as an MRI contrast agent.

scholarly journals Long-term energy supply contracts in European competition policy: Fuzzy not crazy

Energy Policy ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (12) ◽  
pp. 5399-5407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrien de Hauteclocque ◽  
Jean-Michel Glachant
Keyword(s):  
Competition Policy ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Supply Contracts ◽  
Term Energy

LONG-TERM ENERGY SUPPLY AND DEMAND PROJECTIONS

OPEC Review ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 7-21
Author(s):  
Amir H. Maghen ◽  
Ivan Bejarano G.
Keyword(s):  
Energy Supply ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Term Energy

Joint Long-Term Energy Efficiency Optimization in C-RAN With Hybrid Energy Supply

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (10) ◽  
pp. 11128-11138
Author(s):  
Bingqian Xu ◽  
Pengcheng Zhu ◽  
Jiamin Li ◽  
Dongming Wang ◽  
Xiaohu You
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Efficiency Optimization ◽  
Hybrid Energy ◽  
Term Energy

Modifying Brushite Cement Degradation Using Calcium Alginate Beads

2007 ◽  
Vol 361-363 ◽  
pp. 311-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liam M. Grover ◽  
Sarika Patel ◽  
Y. Hu ◽  
Uwe Gbureck ◽  
J.E. Barralet
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Alginate ◽  
Alginate Beads ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cement Matrix ◽  
Calcium Alginate Beads ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Implant Degradation

The hydrolysis of brushite in calcium phosphate cements to form hydroxyapatite is known to result in the long term stability of the material in the body. It has previously been established that this hydrolysis reaction can be influenced by implant volume, media refreshment rate and media composition. In this study, the effect of macroporosity on the rate of degradation of the material is investigated. Macroporosity was incorporated into the material using calcium alginate beads mixed into the cement paste. The inclusion of the calcium alginate beads did not influence the degree of conversion of the material and allowed the incorporation of porosity at up to maximum of 57%. The macroporosity weakened the cement matrix (from 46.5 to 3.2 MPa). When aged the brushite in the macroporous cement dissolved completely from the matrix resulting in a weight loss of 60wt% in a period of 28 days. This suggests that the controlled incorporation of calcium alginate beads into brushite cements in vivo can be used to control implant degradation rate.

The role of nuclear energy system for Korean long-term energy supply strategy

1995 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 71-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.N Chae ◽  
D.G Lee ◽  
C.Y Lim ◽  
B.W Lee
Keyword(s):  
Energy Supply ◽  
Nuclear Energy ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Term Energy

scholarly journals VERIFICATION OF THE RESIDENTIAL CO2 EMISSION REDUCTION EXPECTED IN THE LONG-TERM ENERGY SUPPLY AND DEMAND OUTLOOK

2019 ◽  
Vol 84 (757) ◽  
pp. 323-333
Author(s):  
Ayako MATSUOKA ◽  
Minami SUGIYAMA ◽  
Takashi MOMONOKI ◽  
Yohei YAMAGUCHI ◽  
Yoshiyuki SHIMODA
Keyword(s):  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Term Energy

scholarly journals Effects of long-term in vivo micro-CT imaging on hallmarks of osteopenia and frailty in aging mice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariane C. Scheuren ◽  
Gisela A. Kuhn ◽  
Ralph Müller
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Aging Process ◽  
Frailty Index ◽  
Ct Imaging ◽  
Morphometric Parameters ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Micro Ct

AbstractIn vivo micro-CT has already been used to monitor microstructural changes of bone in mice of different ages and in models of age-related diseases such as osteoporosis. However, as aging is accompanied by frailty and subsequent increased sensitivity to external stimuli such as handling and anesthesia, the extent to which longitudinal imaging can be applied in aging studies remains unclear. Consequently, the potential of monitoring individual mice during the entire aging process – from healthy to frail status – has not yet been exploited. In this study, we assessed the effects of long-term in vivo micro-CT imaging - consisting of 11 imaging sessions over 20 weeks - on hallmarks of aging both on a local (i.e., static and dynamic bone morphometry) and systemic (i.e., frailty index (FI) and body weight) level at various stages of the aging process. Furthermore, using a premature aging model (PolgA(D257A/D257A)), we assessed whether these effects differ between genotypes.The 6th caudal vertebrae of 4 groups of mice (PolgA(D257A/D257A) and PolgA(+/+)) were monitored by in vivo micro-CT every 2 weeks. One group was subjected to 11 scans between weeks 20 and 40 of age, whereas the other groups were subjected to 5 scans between weeks 26-34, 32-40 and 40-46, respectively. The long-term monitoring approach showed small but significant changes in the static bone morphometric parameters compared to the other groups. However, no interaction effect between groups and genotype was found, suggesting that PolgA mutation does not render bone more or less susceptible to long-term micro-CT imaging. The differences between groups observed in the static morphometric parameters were less pronounced in the dynamic morphometric parameters. Moreover, the body weight and FI were not affected by more frequent imaging sessions. Finally, we observed that longitudinal designs including baseline measurements at young adult age are more powerful at detecting effects of in vivo micro-CT imaging on hallmarks of aging than cross-sectional comparisons between multiple groups of aged mice subjected to fewer imaging sessions.

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