scholarly journals Elucidation of inorganic reaction mechanisms in ionic liquids: the important role of solvent donor and acceptor properties

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (42) ◽  
pp. 15675-15692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Schmeisser ◽  
Rudi van Eldik
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Reaction Mechanisms ◽  
Donor And Acceptor ◽  
Role Of Solvent

Solvent donor and acceptor properties play an important role in the elucidation of inorganic reaction mechanisms studied in ionic liquids.

Role of Solvent and Effect of Substituent on Azobenzene Isomerization by Using Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids as Reaction Media

2015 ◽  
Vol 80 (15) ◽  
pp. 7430-7434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guido Angelini ◽  
Nadia Canilho ◽  
Mélanie Emo ◽  
Molly Kingsley ◽  
Carla Gasbarri
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Room Temperature Ionic Liquids ◽  
Reaction Media ◽  
Role Of Solvent

Ionic liquids as solvents for the Knoevenagel condensation: understanding the role of solvent–solute interactions

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 9132-9142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elina Priede ◽  
Sindija Brica ◽  
Eduards Bakis ◽  
Niklavs Udris ◽  
Andris Zicmanis
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Knoevenagel Condensation ◽  
Solvation Energy ◽  
Nmr Studies ◽  
Linear Solvation Energy Relationship ◽  
Linear Solvation Energy ◽  
Solute Interactions ◽  
Hydrogen Bond Basicity ◽  
Role Of Solvent

The hydrogen bond basicityβof ionic liquids, as demonstrated by the NMR studies and the Kamlet–Taft linear solvation energy relationship, was confirmed to be the dominant solvent descriptor determining the rate of the Knoevenagel condensation.

scholarly journals Current trends in leather science

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony D. Covington ◽  
William R. Wise
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Solid Medium ◽  
Leather Industry ◽  
Chromium Vi ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Vegetable Tanning ◽  
Sulfide Species

Abstract In preparing the second edition of ‘Tanning Chemistry. The Science of Leather.’, the literature was updated and the content was revised and reviewed. Here, the new findings are presented and discussed. Notable developments include the necessary rethinking of the mechanism of sulfide unhairing because of new understanding of the aqueous chemistry of sulfide species. Revision upwards of the value of the second pKa for sulfide species ionisation means that S2− cannot exist in an aqueous medium, so the unhairing species in hair burn reactions is HS−. Although the technology remains the same, this means the mechanisms of associated reactions such as immunisation must be revised. Rawstock preservation has benefitted from studies of the potential role of materials from plants which accumulate salt, but which also contribute terpene compounds. There is also further discussion on the continuing issue of chromium (VI) in the leather industry. The application to processing of new solvents, ionic liquids and deep eutectics, is the coming technology, which offers transforming options for new chemistries and products. Renewed interest in vegetable tanning and methods of wet white processing are current trends. Also, within the topic of reagent delivery is processing in a solid medium of plastic beads. Graphical abstract

Activators in Accelerated Sulfur Vulcanization

2004 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 512-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geert Heideman ◽  
Rabin N. Datta ◽  
Jacques W. M. Noordermeer ◽  
Ben van Baarle
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Mechanisms ◽  
Model Compound ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Zinc Compounds ◽  
Chemical Mechanisms ◽  
Sulfur Vulcanization ◽  
Multifunctional Additives ◽  
Vulcanization Process

Abstract This review provides relevant background information about the vulcanization process, as well as the chemistry of thiuram- and sulfenamide-accelerated sulfur vulcanization with emphasis on the role of activators, to lay a base for further research. It commences with an introduction of sulfur vulcanization and a summary of the reaction mechanisms as described in literature, followed by the role of activators, particularly ZnO. The various possibilities to reduce ZnO levels in rubber compounding, that have been proposed in literature, are reviewed. A totally different approach to reduce ZnO is described in the paragraphs about the various possible roles of multifunctional additives (MFA) in rubber vulcanization. Another paragraph is dedicated to the role of amines in rubber vulcanization, in order to provide some insight in the underlying chemical mechanisms of MFA systems. Furthermore, an overview of Model Compound Vulcanization (MCV) with respect to different models and activator/accelerator systems is given. In the last part of this review, the various functions of ZnO in rubber are summarized. It clearly reveals that the role of ZnO and zinc compounds is very complex and still deserves further clarification.

scholarly journals Dye-Surfactant Interaction: Role of Solvent

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (18) ◽  
pp. 10499-10503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziya Ahmad Khan ◽  
Abdullah S. Al-Bogami
Keyword(s):  
Role Of Solvent
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