Simultaneous glucose sensing and biohydrogen evolution from direct photoelectrocatalytic glucose oxidation on robust Cu2O–TiO2 electrodes

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (39) ◽  
pp. 21237-21242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anitha Devadoss ◽  
P. Sudhagar ◽  
C. Ravidhas ◽  
Ryota Hishinuma ◽  
Chiaki Terashima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Glucose Oxidation ◽  
Glucose Sensing ◽  
Photoelectrocatalytic Oxidation ◽  
Oxidation Of Glucose

An efficient solar-driven biofuel hydrogen production from direct photoelectrocatalytic oxidation of glucose on a robust Cu2O–TiO2 photoelectrode was demonstrated.

Glucose utilization by sheep embryos derived in vivo and in vitro

1991 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 571 ◽  
Author(s):  
JG Thompson ◽  
AC Simpson ◽  
PA Pugh ◽  
RW Wright ◽  
HR Tervit
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Oxidation ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid ◽  
Cell Stage ◽  
Glycolytic Activity ◽  
Total Utilization ◽  
Oxidation Of Glucose

Embryos were collected from superovulated donors at various intervals from onset of oestrus, ranging from Day 1.5 to Day 6. In addition, blastocysts obtained from the culture of 1-cell embryos collected in vivo or of oocytes matured and fertilized in vitro were used to assess the effects of in vitro manipulation and culture on glucose utilization. Glycolytic activity was determined by the conversion of [5-3H]glucose to 3H2O, and oxidation of glucose was determined by the conversion of [U-14C]glucose to 14CO2. Glucose utilization increases significantly from the 8-cell stage and during compaction and blastulation. Glucose oxidation was at a relatively low level (5-12% of total utilization) compared with glycolysis. No difference was observed between the glycolytic activity of blastocysts derived from in vivo or in vitro sources. However, glucose oxidation was lower (P less than 0.05) in blastocysts derived from the culture of 1-cell embryos or from oocytes matured and fertilized in vitro. Exogenous tricarboxylic acid cycle substrates (i.e. pyruvate and lactate supplied in the medium) affected the level of glucose oxidation.

scholarly journals Catalytic activity of gold nanoparticles deposited on N-doped carbon-based supports in oxidation of glucose and arabinose mixtures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Franz ◽  
Nataliya D. Shcherban ◽  
Igor Bezverkhyy ◽  
Sergii A. Sergiienko ◽  
Irina L. Simakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Glucose Oxidation ◽  
Glucuronic Acid ◽  
Carbon Surface ◽  
Carbon Supports ◽  
Constant Ph ◽  
Oxidation Of Glucose ◽  
Mesoporous Structures ◽  
Carbon Based

AbstractOxidation of a mixture of glucose and arabinose over Au particles deposited on porous carbons, N-doped carbons and carbon nitrides was investigated at 70 °C, under constant pH of 8, and oxygen partial pressure 0.125 atm. In particular, Au deposited on nitrogen-containing carbon-based mesoporous structures demonstrated activity in the oxidation of the sugars to the corresponding aldonic acids higher than gold deposited on undoped carbon supports (conversion of glucose up to ca. 60%, arabinose–ca. 30% after 200 min). The results can be explained by the basic nature of the supports leading to an increase in the polarity of the carbon surface and the oxygen activation. Glucuronic acid (with selectivity ca. 10–93.5%) together with gluconic acid was formed as a result of glucose oxidation, while arabinose was selectively oxidized to arabinonic acid.

scholarly journals Developments of the Electroactive Materials for Non-Enzymatic Glucose Sensing and Their Mechanisms

Electrochem ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-389
Author(s):  
Wan-Ting Chiu ◽  
Tso-Fu Mark Chang ◽  
Masato Sone ◽  
Hideki Hosoda ◽  
Agnès Tixier-Mita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Sensing ◽  
Electrochemical Technique ◽  
Current Response ◽  
Metallic Materials ◽  
Metallic Oxide ◽  
Electroactive Materials ◽  
Metal Metal ◽  
Metal Derivatives ◽  
Electro Oxidation ◽  
Oxidation Of Glucose

A comprehensive review of the electroactive materials for non-enzymatic glucose sensing and sensing devices has been performed in this work. A general introduction for glucose sensing, a facile electrochemical technique for glucose detection, and explanations of fundamental mechanisms for the electro-oxidation of glucose via the electrochemical technique are conducted. The glucose sensing materials are classified into five major systems: (1) mono-metallic materials, (2) bi-metallic materials, (3) metallic-oxide compounds, (4) metallic-hydroxide materials, and (5) metal-metal derivatives. The performances of various systems within this decade have been compared and explained in terms of sensitivity, linear regime, the limit of detection (LOD), and detection potentials. Some promising materials and practicable methodologies for the further developments of glucose sensors have been proposed. Firstly, the atomic deposition of alloys is expected to enhance the selectivity, which is considered to be lacking in non-enzymatic glucose sensing. Secondly, by using the modification of the hydrophilicity of the metallic-oxides, a promoted current response from the electro-oxidation of glucose is expected. Lastly, by taking the advantage of the redistribution phenomenon of the oxide particles, the usage of the noble metals is foreseen to be reduced.

STEADY STATE OXIDATION OF GLUCOSE IN THE HYPOTHYROID DIABETIC RAT: A ROLE FOR THE ADRENAL CORTEX IN GLUCOSE OXIDATION

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 1293-1305
Author(s):  
Dorothy S. Dow ◽  
C. E. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Glucose Oxidation ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Reduced Form ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Hexose Monophosphate ◽  
Hexose Monophosphate Pathway ◽  
Oxidation Of Glucose

A steady state between the specific activities of blood glucose and expired CO2in the hypothyroid diabetic rat was maintained for extended periods of time following a single intraperitoneal injection of glucose-1-C14or glucose-6-C14. Rates of oxidation of the labelled sugars were measured during the steady state.Glucose oxidation by way of glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle in the hypothyroid diabetic rat paralleled the decrease in expired CO2but glucose oxidation by way of the hexose monophosphate pathway was completely suppressed.It is suggested that the observed inhibitory effect on the hexose monophosphate pathway is due to the maintenance of diphosphopyridine nucleotide in the reduced form as the result of goitrogen inhibition of steroid-catalyzed transhydrogenation.The results suggest that steroid concentration may be a critical factor in regulation of glucose oxidation by way of the hexose monophosphate pathway.

Oxidation of glucose carbon entering the TCA cycle is reduced by glutamine in small intestine epithelial cells

1995 ◽  
Vol 268 (6) ◽  
pp. G879-G888 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Kight ◽  
S. E. Fleming
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Glucose Oxidation ◽  
Tca Cycle ◽  
Proximal Segment ◽  
Distal Small Intestine ◽  
Glucose Carbon ◽  
The Tca Cycle ◽  
Oxidation Of Glucose ◽  
In Cells

The influence of glutamine on glucose oxidation was assessed in epithelial cells isolated from the mucosa of the proximal, mid-, and distal small intestine of young, fed, male rats. Glucose oxidation declined along the length of the small intestine, with values from the mid- and distal segments representing approximately 55% and 40%, respectively, of the value from the proximal segment. A gradient along the small intestine was noted also in the influence of glutamine on glucose oxidation: glutamine suppressed glucose oxidation approximately 60% in the proximal small intestine, 39% in the mid-intestine, and 31% in the distal small intestine. Glutamine suppressed the oxidation of glucose carbon that entered the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle; this was determined using CO2 ratios derived from acetate and glucose isotopes. In cells from the proximal segment, the probability that carbon entering the cycle would complete one full turn was reduced by glutamine from 0.77 to 0.28. The entry of glucose-derived pyruvate into the TCA cycle did not appear to be influenced by the presence of glutamine, however. Glutamine had no influence on the proportion of glucose metabolism that occurred via the pentose phosphate pathway (which averaged 5% or less), but reduced flux of carbon through pyruvate carboxylase relative to flux through pyruvate dehydrogenase from 40% to 9% in cells from the proximal segment. These data suggest that, in the presence of glutamine, the fate of pyruvate carbon (derived from glucose or elsewhere) entering the TCA cycle is altered from that of oxidation to anaplerosis and subsequent efflux of TCA cycle intermediates into newly synthesized compounds.

Effect of CeO2 morphology on the catalytic properties of Au/CeO2 for base-free glucose oxidation

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing-Yue Qi ◽  
Yalin He ◽  
Yan Yao ◽  
Lu Zhang ◽  
Yiran Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Selective Oxidation ◽  
Gluconic Acid ◽  
Glucose Oxidation ◽  
Catalytic Properties ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Biomass Utilization ◽  
Free Glucose ◽  
Oxidation Of Glucose ◽  
Catalytic Selective Oxidation

Catalytic selective oxidation of glucose into value-added gluconic acid is one of the sustainable routes for biomass utilization, for which the supported Au catalysts have been widely explored. Au/CeO2 was...

scholarly journals Development of Minimally Invasive 13C-Glucose Breath Test to Examine Different Dietary Therapies in Patients with Glycogen Storage Disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1149-1149
Author(s):  
Abrar Turki ◽  
Sylvia Stockler ◽  
Sandra Sirrs ◽  
Ramona Salvarinova ◽  
Rajavel Elango
Keyword(s):  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Glucose Oxidation ◽  
Breath Test ◽  
Glycogen Storage ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Glucose Breath Test ◽  
Oxidation Of Glucose

Abstract Objectives The objectives of the current study were: 1) to establish the use of ,13C-Glucose Breath Test (,13C-GBT) and its oxidation to ,13CO2 as a minimally invasive technique to examine in vivo glucose oxidation in healthy adults, and 2) to measure the utilization of uncooked cornstarch (UCCS) and Glycosade® in patients with glycogen storage disease type Ia (GSD-Ia) and healthy controls using ,13C-GBT, based on the natural enrichment of ,13C in UCCS and Glycosade®. Methods Experiment 1- Ten healthy adults (22 – 33y) underwent ,13C-GBT protocols twice as a proof-of-principle, once without oral isotope dose (only D-glucose 75 g/d) and once with isotope (D-glucose 75 g/d + U-,13C-glucose 75 mg/d). Breath samples were collected at baseline and every 20 min for 240 min to measure ,13CO2. Experiment 2- Two patients (12 and 28y) with GSD-Ia and five healthy controls (10 – 32y) underwent ,13C-GBT protocols twice. Subjects received UCCS or Glycosade® orally (based on their current prescribed dose 42 – 100 g) after a 4 hour fast according to GSD-Ia fasting tolerance. Breath samples were collected at baseline and every 30 min for 240 min. ,13CO2 oxidation of glucose from UCCS and Glycosade® were measured using an isotope ratio mass spectrometer and compared using a paired t-test. Blood glucose was measured using a glucometer hourly to test hypoglycemia (≤3.4 mmol/L). Results Results 1- The mean rate of ,13CO2 in all healthy adults from D-glucose without U-,13C-glucose 0.435 ± 0.162 was significantly lower than the mean rate of ,13CO2 in the same group with U-,13C-glucose 3.518 ± 0.988. The peak occurred at 200 minutes in all healthy adults without and with U-,13C-glucose. Results 2- Glucose oxidation from Glycosade® was lower than glucose oxidation from UCCS in the 12y GSD-Ia. Glucose oxidation from UCCS and Glycosade® remained the same in the 28y GSD-Ia. However, oxidation of glucose by the 28y GSD-Ia for both starches displayed a higher rate, compared to age matched controls. Conclusions Our results show that the minimally invasive,13C-GBT test over 4 hours can be useful to examine glucose metabolism from various exogenous carbohydrate sources in GSD. Future studies are needed to use ,13C-GBT in response to different doses to determine optimal glucose management in GSD patients. Funding Sources Saudi Arabian Cultural Bureau, Ottawa and BC Children's Hospital Research Institute.

Electrochemical oxidation of glucose on gold nanoparticle-modified reduced graphene oxide electrodes in alkaline solutions

2015 ◽  
Vol 08 (03) ◽  
pp. 1540004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiaofang Shi ◽  
Guowang Diao ◽  
Shaolin Mu
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Reduced Graphene Oxide ◽  
Glucose Oxidation ◽  
Alkaline Solutions ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Oxide Electrodes ◽  
Reduced Graphene ◽  
Constant Potential ◽  
Oxidation Of Glucose

A given amount of gold is electrodeposited on the reduced graphene oxide (RGO)/glassy carbon (GC) electrodes to form Au /RGO/GC electrodes, which are carried out at different potentials. The Au /RGO/GC electrode with Au loading of 250 μg cm-2 prepared at a constant potential of -0.30 V exhibits the best electrocatalytic activity to glucose oxidation in alkaline solutions because of homogeneous dispersion of gold nanoparticles with smaller sizes. This electrode shows long-term stability, rapid charge transfer ability, and higher current density compared to other gold electrodes reported previously.

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