scholarly journals Single cell growth rate and morphological dynamics revealing an “opportunistic” persistence

The Analyst ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 139 (13) ◽  
pp. 3305-3313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing Li ◽  
Yong Qiu ◽  
Andrew Glidle ◽  
Jon Cooper ◽  
HanChang Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Cell Growth ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Cell Growth Rate ◽  
Bacterial Persistence ◽  
E Coli ◽  
New Form

A new form of bacterial persistence was observed. NormalE. colicells inhibited by amoxicillin recovered from the killing process when they had an opportunity to utilize the cytoplasm released from lysed cells close-by.

scholarly journals Osmolyte homeostasis controls single-cell growth rate and maximum cell size of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Altenburg ◽  
Björn Goldenbogen ◽  
Jannis Uhlendorf ◽  
Edda Klipp
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Growth ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Turgor Pressure ◽  
Thermodynamic Quantities ◽  
Cell Growth Rate ◽  
Final Size

Abstract Cell growth is well described at the population level, but precisely how nutrient and water uptake and cell wall expansion drive the growth of single cells is poorly understood. Supported by measurements of single-cell growth trajectories and cell wall elasticity, we present a single-cell growth model for yeast. The model links the thermodynamic quantities, such as turgor pressure, osmolarity, cell wall elasto-plasticity, and cell size, applying concepts from rheology and thin shell theory. It reproduces cell size dynamics during single-cell growth, budding, and hyper-osmotic or hypo-osmotic stress. We find that single-cell growth rate and final size are primarily governed by osmolyte uptake and consumption, while bud expansion requires additionally different cell wall extensibilities between mother and bud. Based on first principles the model provides a more accurate description of size dynamics than previous attempts and its analytical simplification allows for easy combination with models for other cell processes.

scholarly journals Osmolyte homeostasis controls single-cell growth rate and maximum cell size ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Altenburg ◽  
Björn Goldenbogen ◽  
Jannis Uhlendorf ◽  
Edda Klipp
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Growth ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Turgor Pressure ◽  
Thermodynamic Quantities ◽  
Cell Growth Rate ◽  
Final Size

Cell growth is well described at the population level, but precisely how nutrient and water uptake and cell wall expansion drive the growth of single cells is poorly understood. Supported by measurements of single-cell growth trajectories and cell wall elasticity, we present a single-cell growth model for yeast. The model links the thermodynamic quantities turgor pressure, osmolarity, cell wall elasto-plasticity, and cell size, using concepts from rheology and thin shell theory. It reproduces cell size dynamics during single-cell growth, budding, and hyper- or hypoosmotic stress. We find that single-cell growth rate and final size are primarily governed by osmolyte uptake and consumption, while bud expansion depends additionally on different cell wall extensibilities of mother and bud. Based on first principles the model provides a more accurate description of size dynamics than previous attempts and its analytical simplification allows for easy combination with models for other cell processes.

82 Methyl Donor Supplementation Alters Cytosine Methylation and Biological Processes of Cells Cultured in Divergent Glucose Media Reflecting Improvements in Mitochondrial Respiration and Cell Growth Rate

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 109-109
Author(s):  
Matthew S Crouse ◽  
Wellison Jarles Da Silva Diniz ◽  
Joel Caton ◽  
Carl R Dahlen ◽  
Lawrence P Reynolds ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Cell Growth ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Mitochondrial Respiration ◽  
Cytosine Methylation ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Cell Growth Rate ◽  
Metabolic Processes ◽  
Positive Regulation

Abstract We hypothesized that supplementation of one-carbon metabolites (OCM: methionine, folate, choline, and vitamin B12) to bovine embryonic tracheal fibroblasts in divergent glucose media would alter cytosine methylation, and alterations in cytosine methylation will reflect biological processes matching previously improved mitochondrial respiration, cell proliferation, and cell growth rate data. Cells were cultured with 1g/L glucose (Low) or 4.5g/L glucose (High). Control medium (CON) contained basal concentrations of folate (0.001g/L), choline (0.001g/L), vitamin B12 (4µg/L), and methionine (0.015g/L). The OCM were supplemented at 2.5 and 5 times (2.5X and 5X, respectively) the CON media, except methionine was limited to 2X across all supplemented treatments. Cells were passaged three times in their treatment media before DNA extraction. Reduced representation bisulfite sequencing was adopted to analyze and compare the genomic methylation patterns within and across treatments using edgeR. Biological processes (BP) were retrieved based on the nearest genes of differentially methylated cytosines (P < 0.01) for each comparison between treatments. In both Low and High treatments, greater OCM increased the proportion of hypomethylated vs. hypermethylated cytosines. Functional analyses pointed out positive regulation of BP related to energy metabolism, except for the contrasts within the High group. Among the BP, we can highlight positive regulation of: GTPase activity, catalytic activity, molecular function, protein modification processes, phosphorylation, protein phosphorylation, cellular protein metabolic processes, MAPK cascade, and metabolic processes. These data support previously reported results from this experiment that showed increased mitochondrial respiration, cell proliferation, and growth rates with increasing OCM levels. We interpret these data to imply that when energy and OCM requirements are met for growth and basal methylation levels, DNA methylation levels decrease which may allow for greater transcription. Thus, OCM can be utilized for other functions such as polyamine synthesis, nucleotide synthesis, energetic metabolites, and phosphatidylcholine synthesis. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

PGE2 inhibition & interferon-gamma restoration of type 1 T cell growth rate in atopic dermatitis

1993 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Sai C. Chan ◽  
Shi-Hua Li ◽  
William R. Henderson ◽  
Jon M. Hanifin
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Growth ◽  
Interferon Gamma ◽  
Cell Growth Rate ◽  
T Cell Growth

scholarly journals ANTAGONISM BY DIBUTYRYL ADENOSINE CYCLIC 3',5'-MONOPHOSPHATE AND TESTOSTERONE OF CELL ROUNDING REACTIONS

1973 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 471-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Storrie
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Cell Growth ◽  
Concanavalin A ◽  
Divalent Cations ◽  
Cell Growth Rate ◽  
Dibutyryl Camp ◽  
Cell Rounding ◽  
Drug Removal ◽  
Kinetics Of

In an attempt to understand further the mechanism of the morphological and functional "reverse transformation" of CHO-K1 cells induced by dibutyryl adenosine cyclic 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) and testosterone, the kinetics of variation in the susceptibility of cells to rounding after the addition or deletion of dibutyryl cAMP and testosterone have been investigated. Changes in susceptibility to cell rounding upon removal of divalent cations or pulse exposure to concanavalin A were complete within 0.5–1 h after addition or deletion of drug. In comparison, the gross conversion of CHO-K1 cells from epithelial- to fibroblast-like morphology after drug treatment or the converse change after drug removal required 8 or 4 h, respectively. The effects on cell rounding are not caused by an effect of dibutyryl cAMP upon cell growth rate. Inhibitor experiments indicate that the changes investigated do not require continued RNA or protein synthesis and are not prevented by agents which depolymerize microtubules.

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