scholarly journals Controlled tautomerism – switching caused by an “underground” anionic effect

RSC Advances ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (47) ◽  
pp. 25410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liudmil Antonov ◽  
Vera Deneva ◽  
Vanya Kurteva ◽  
Daniela Nedeltcheva ◽  
Aurelien Crochet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anionic Effect

Anionic effect in high concentration alcohol organosolv pulping

Holzforschung ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Yawalata ◽  
L. Paszner
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Quality ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Acid Form ◽  
High Alcohol ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Alcohol Content ◽  
Organosolv Pulping ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Anionic Effect ◽  
Organosolv Pulp

Abstract Anionic effects are demonstrated with Mg-salts and free acids in high alcohol content organosolv pulping. Not all catalysts examined could effectively liberate the fibers from the wood matrix. The best result was obtained with the 0.025 M MgCl2 catalysis system, at which nearly 60% screened pulp, with viscosity of 19.9 cPs., can be produced. Mg(NO3)2 was found capable of liberating fibers, however, under the conditions set for the experiment, complete fiber liberation was not achieved. In contrast, MgSO4 and Mg(CH3COO)2 were incapable of fiber liberation in themselves. On the other hand, in acid form, HCl and H2SO4 were capable of liberating the fibers, whereas HNO3 and CH3COOH catalysts were found ineffective. Especially with H2SO4, it should be noted that this catalysis system created a very strong hydrolyzing effect that unselectively destroyed both lignin and carbohydrates, resulting in severely damaged pulp which is useless for papermaking purposes. Therefore, choosing a suitable catalyst is the key factor for producing an organosolv pulp at high yield and with good fiber quality.

scholarly journals Anionic effect on nanostructure and morphology of bio-schwertmannite dynamically produced within cellular reproduction

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 184798042095755
Author(s):  
Huixin Xiong ◽  
Xiancai Lu ◽  
Rucheng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Evolution ◽  
Iron Oxyhydroxide ◽  
Mineral Precipitation ◽  
Environmental Application ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Reproduction Period ◽  
Anionic Effect ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopes ◽  
Chemical Formulas

Schwertmannite has been considered as the host mineral and potentially excellent adsorbent of contaminates from waters, and it has various morphologies of spheroid with pincushions, whiskers, hedge-hogs, and needles. In this work, using the (high-resolution transmission and field-emission scanning) electron microscopes, we studied nanostructure, morphological evolution, and difference in chemical composition for the produced schwertmannites in the cell-rich iron solutions. All analysis results showed within cellular 36-h reproduction period, the production of only schwertmannite was examined in iron solutions at the Cl−/SO4 2− molar ratios of 0–10 and pH 3.0 ± 0.1. There were differences in two typical morphologies of “pincushions” (Cl−/SO4 2− = 0 and 3) and “hedge-hogs” (Cl−/SO4 2− = 6 and 10) for the schwertmannite nanostructures. And all final schwertmannite particles had the chemical formulas of Fe8O8(OH)8−2 x(SO4) x (1.08 ≤ x ≤ 1.66), especially as Cl−/SO4 2− = 0, the visible “pincushions” only being the outermost sections of the whole needles existing in a tightly spherical assemblage of schwertmannite. Moreover, the absence of ferrihydrite and goethite was determined in the nanodimension of these needles, though the initial Fe and SO4 2− were 5600 and of 9600 µg/mL, respectively. It could be induced by the amounts and activities of aqueous Fe, SO4 2−, and Cl− associated with cellular activities and mineral precipitation. This study will be useful for understanding the actual occurrence of iron oxyhydroxide nanostructure and better developing its potential environmental application.

A Pronounced Anionic Effect in the Pd-Catalyzed Buchwald–Hartwig Amination Reaction Revealed in Phosphonium Salt Ionic Liquids

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 (9) ◽  
pp. 1423-1428 ◽  
Author(s):  
James McNulty ◽  
Sreedhar Cheekoori ◽  
Timothy P. Bender ◽  
Jennifer A. Coggan
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Phosphonium Salt ◽  
Amination Reaction ◽  
Anionic Effect

Anionic effect on ion transport properties in network polyether electrolytes

2001 ◽  
Vol 46 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 1487-1491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masayoshi Watanabe ◽  
Hiroyuki Tokuda ◽  
Shunsuke Muto
Keyword(s):  
Ion Transport ◽  
Transport Properties ◽  
Anionic Effect
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