scholarly journals Removal of transition metals from rare earths by solvent extraction with an undiluted phosphonium ionic liquid: separations relevant to rare-earth magnet recycling

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 919 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Vander Hoogerstraete ◽  
Sil Wellens ◽  
Katrien Verachtert ◽  
Koen Binnemans
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Rare Earth ◽  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Transition Metals ◽  
Rare Earths ◽  
Rare Earth Magnet ◽  
Phosphonium Ionic Liquid ◽  
Liquid Separations

scholarly journals Liquid-liquid solvent extraction of rare earths: a crystallographic analysis.

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (a1) ◽  
pp. C1006-C1006
Author(s):  
Jeroen Jacobs ◽  
Koen Binnemans ◽  
Luc Van Meervelt
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Rare Earth ◽  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Aqueous Phase ◽  
Rare Earths ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Anionic Complex

Liquid-liquid solvent extraction has become the primary research topic for separating mixtures of rare-earths. [1] Current research on this topic focuses on extraction processes involving ionic liquids as basic extracting agents. In the aqueous phase, the rare-earth is coordinated by the anionic entities of the ionic liquid, forming an anionic complex. The large organic cation of the ionic liquid neutralizes the complex (ion-pair complex) and migrates the entity to an organic phase. The choice of these agents is solely based on the calculation of thermodynamical extraction parameters, whilst structural information about these compounds is rare or even non-existent. Our research focuses on obtaining structural information via crystallography on the above-mentioned molecules and relating the interactions between anion and cation to the stability of the complexes. A difference in stability between the anionic complex and cation can give a different extractability. Different rare-earth chloride salts were dissolved in an aqueous phase, containing ionic liquids with β-diketonate anions and 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium cations. After the extraction, crystals of the formed compounds are grown from the organic phase and measured. Current results show us that an intermolecular non-classical C-H ... O hydrogen bond is persistent across the different molecules, whilst small interactions between the cation side chain and halogens on the β-diketonate add extra stability to the crystal structure. Structures formed with 2-thenolytrifluoroactylacetonate anions have no intention to form side chain interactions, leaving the alkyl chain of the 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium in a void, whilst structures formed with hexafluoroacetylactonate have strong side chain interactions, which leads to a better packing. The different solubility of both compounds can be related to the different interactions and stability in the crystal structure.

Efficient separation of transition metals from rare earths by an undiluted phosphonium thiocyanate ionic liquid

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 16039-16045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alok Rout ◽  
Koen Binnemans
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Rare Earth ◽  
Transition Metal ◽  
Transition Metals ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Rare Earths ◽  
Transition Metal Ions ◽  
Rare Earth Ions ◽  
Efficient Separation

Efficient separation of transition metal ions from their mixture with rare-earth ions was achieved by extraction with a phosphonium thiocyanate ionic liquid.

scholarly journals Highly efficient separation of rare earths from nickel and cobalt by solvent extraction with the ionic liquid trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium nitrate: a process relevant to the recycling of rare earths from permanent magnets and nickel metal hydride batteries

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 1594-1606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Vander Hoogerstraete ◽  
Koen Binnemans
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Rare Earths ◽  
Metal Hydride ◽  
Permanent Magnets ◽  
Nickel Metal ◽  
Nickel Metal Hydride ◽  
Efficient Separation ◽  
Highly Efficient

The undiluted ionic liquid trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium nitrate was used for cobalt–samarium and nickel–lanthanum separations by solvent extraction.

Extraction Behavior of Rare Earths in Ion Liquid Extraction System Using 1-Butyl-3-Methyl-Imidazolium Hexafluorophosphate and Benzoyl Acetone

2011 ◽  
Vol 335-336 ◽  
pp. 1428-1432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhong Wei Pan ◽  
Chang Ma ◽  
Ying Wu Zhang ◽  
Yu Xia Huang ◽  
Xing Lin Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earths ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Rare Earth Ions ◽  
Extraction System ◽  
Tetraacetic Acid ◽  
Extraction Percentage ◽  
Extraction Solvent ◽  
Extraction Behavior

The extraction behavior of five rare earth ions (RE3+) was investigated in ionic liquid (IL) extraction system using 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium hexafluorophosphate ionic liquid ([Bmim]PF6) as extraction solvent and benzoyl acetone (HA) as extractant. The extraction percentage of RE3+ using [Bmim]PF6 was less than 8% without HA. When sufficient HA was included in IL phase, the extraction percentage of RE3+ could be higher than 98%. The extracted species in the RE3+-[Bmim]PF6-HA system was neutral REA3 and the recovery of RE3+ extracted into [Bmim]PF6 can be achieved using the mixture of hydrazine hydrate and ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) as stripping agent. [Bmim]PF6 can be recycled in the experiment.

scholarly journals Separation of rare-earth ions from ethylene glycol (+LiCl) solutions by non-aqueous solvent extraction with Cyanex 923

RSC Advances ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (72) ◽  
pp. 45351-45362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nagaphani Kumar Batchu ◽  
Tom Vander Hoogerstraete ◽  
Dipanjan Banerjee ◽  
Koen Binnemans
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Rare Earths ◽  
Rare Earth Ions ◽  
Aqueous Solvent ◽  
Cyanex 923

Mixtures of rare earths are separation by non-aqueous solvent extraction with two immiscible organic phases.

A separation processing for industrial rare earth feed solution by phosphonium ionic liquid type saponification strategy

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 290-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yamin DONG ◽  
Xiangguang GUO ◽  
Yanliang WANG ◽  
Zeyuan ZHAO ◽  
Chao HUANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Rare Earth ◽  
Feed Solution ◽  
Phosphonium Ionic Liquid ◽  
Liquid Type

Solvent extraction of rare earths using a bifunctional ionic liquid. Part 1: Interaction with acidic solutions

2017 ◽  
Vol 169 ◽  
pp. 306-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Quinn ◽  
Karin H. Soldenhoff ◽  
Geoffrey W. Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Rare Earths ◽  
Acidic Solutions ◽  
Liquid Part
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